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Design-led innovation for more plant-based food: An interdisciplinary approach to more consumer-centric product development
Get PDFA more plant-based diet will contribute to food sustainability. Achieving this change requires collaboration across disciplines which is not easy to achieve. This article illustrates how interdisciplinary collaboration in a large research project can be facilitated through a design-led innovation process juxtaposing approaches from design and science. Consumer insights were used in creative workshops to ideate and develop packaging and product concepts for plant-based food focusing on ‘environment’, ‘health’ and ‘Norwegian’ design imperatives. Learning loops of alignment – creation – feedback were applied to design and test six packaging prototypes of two product categories (Pea Porridge, Faba Bean Drink). Qualitative feedback was collected from 147 consumers and a quantitative survey with 1102 Norwegian consumers tested product expected liking and product-concept match. Younger consumers and users of plant-based products exhibited a higher expected liking vs. non-users and older respondents. Packaging design adopted for specific consumer segments can positively contribute to a shift to more plant-based diets. We show how a dynamic interdisciplinary innovation approach can be powerful to creating new product ideas, getting consumers’ input and fostering collaboration and learning among disciplines. We offer other researchers and the food industry actionable opportunity areas and design imperatives for their innovation activities around plant-based food.publishedVersio
Uttesting av naturlige antioksidanter i hvitfiskmel
Get PDFDet er utført et akselerert lagringsforsøk på hvitfiskmel med tilsetting av tre ulike kommersielle antioksidanter, limvann og hydrolysert limvann for å undersøke effekten på stabilisering av harskning/oksidasjon i hvitfiskmel. Analyse av flyktige komponenter etter 6 uker ved lagring ved 40 °C viste et stort antall komponenter dominert av aminer, alkoholer, aldehyder, ketoner, hydrokarboner og furaner. Sekundære lipid oksidasjons-produkter forekom i høyest konsentrasjoner, der 1-penten-3-ol utgjorde 13 % av de flyktige komponentene i mel uten antioksidant (som forventet den mest oksiderte prøven). Fiskemel tilsatt limvann og hydrolysert limvann viste 10 % lavere nivå oksidasjonsprodukter sammenlignet med mel uten antioksidant. Dette tyder på at limvann og hydrolysert limvann har marginal antioksidant effekt. Best antioksidant effekt ble funnet for hvitfiskmel tilsatt 500 ppm av antioksidanten Guardian Toco 70 (60 % lavere nivå oksidasjonsprodukter sammenlignet med mel uten antioksidant). Resultatene viser også at 1-penten-3-ol, et typisk oksidasjonsprodukt fra omega-3 fettsyrer, vil være godt egnet til bruk som markør for lipidoksidasjon i fiskemel.Uttesting av naturlige antioksidanter i hvitfiskmelpublishedVersio
Characterization of wooden breast myopathy: a focus on syndecans and ECM remodeling
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Electrical stunning and killing of Atlantic salmon
Get PDFAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at various size 226-1938 g were placed in electric dry stunning either tailor head- first and then exposed to 50 Hz, 240 V AC for 0.5 and thereafter 9.5 s of electricity. This to verify whether the animal is rendered unconscious prior to killing by immersing the animal into cold brine (-14 to -18 °C) or hypoxic water, supersaturated with CO2. In addition, salmon from 2000 to 5000 g were exposed to head stunning only. Behaviour, heart (ECG) and brain (EEG) activity were monitored until animal was classed as dead. Post the treatment, the internal temperature of the animal was measured placing loggers into the neuro and heart cavity. The electric potential across the brain was also measured. A preliminary evaluation of the EEG and ECG registrations in the individual fish showed that loss of consciousness can be induced within 0.5 second and consciousness can be prolonged without recovery when the cold brine or seawater saturated with carbon dioxide is applied as killing method. Our results also suggest that the current can be applied head to tail, which facilitates immediate stunning of Atlantic salmon in a commercial setting. We conclude that electrical stunning in combination with cold brine is effective for humane stunning and killing Atlantic salmon.Electrical stunning and killing of Atlantic salmonpublishedVersio
Early identification of mushy Halibut syndrome with hyperspectral image analysis
Get PDFMushy Halibut Syndrome (MHS) is a condition that appears in Greenland halibut and manifests itself as abnormally opaque, flaccid and jelly-like flesh. Fish affected by this syndrome show poor meat quality, which results in negative consequences for the fish industry. The research community has not carefully investigated this condition, nor novel technologies for MHS detection have been proposed. In this research work, we propose using hyperspectral imaging to detect MHS. After collecting a dataset of hyperspectral images of halibut affected by MHS, two different goals were targeted. Firstly, the estimation of the chemical composition of the samples (specifically fat and water content) from their spectral data by using constrained spectral unmixing. Secondly, supervised classification using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was evaluated to identify specimens affected by MHS. The outcomes of our study suggest that the prediction of fat from the spectral data is possible, but the prediction of the water content was not found to be accurate. However, the detection of MHS using PLS-DA was precise for hyperspectral images from both fillets and whole fish, with lower bounds of 75% and 83% for precision and recall, respectively. Our findings suggest hyperspectral imaging as a suitable technology for the early screening of MHS.Early identification of mushy Halibut syndrome with hyperspectral image analysispublishedVersio
Planning and licensing for marine aquaculture
Get PDFMarine aquaculture has the potential to increase its contribution to the global food system and provide valuable ecosystem services, but appropriate planning, licensing and regulation systems must be in place to enable sustainable development. At present, approaches vary considerably throughout the world, and several national and regional investigations have highlighted the need for reforms if marine aquaculture is to fulfil its potential. This article aims to map and evaluate the challenges of planning and licensing for growth of sustainable marine aquaculture. Despite the range of species, production systems and circumstances, this study found a number of common themes in the literature; complicated and fragmented approaches to planning and licensing, property rights and the licence to operate, competition for space and marine spatial planning, emerging species and diversifying marine aquaculture production (seaweed production, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture [IMTA], nutrient and carbon offsetting with aquaculture, offshore aquaculture and co-location and multiuse platforms), and the need to address knowledge gaps and use of decision-support tools. Planning and licensing can be highly complicated, so the UK is used as a case study to show more detailed examples that highlight the range of challenges and uncertainty that industry, regulators and policymakers face across interacting jurisdictions. There are many complexities, but this study shows that many countries have undergone, or are undergoing, similar challenges, suggesting that lessons can be learned by sharing knowledge and experiences, even across different species and production systems, rather than having a more insular focus.Planning and licensing for marine aquaculturepublishedVersio
Dose rate dependent reduction in chromatin accessibility at transcriptional start sites long time after exposure to gamma radiation
Get PDFIonizing radiation (IR) impact cellular and molecular processes that require chromatin remodelling relevant for cellular integrity. However, the cellular implications of ionizing radiation (IR) delivered per time unit (dose rate) are still debated. This study investigates whether the dose rate is relevant for inflicting changes to the epigenome, represented by chromatin accessibility, or whether it is the total dose that is decisive. CBA/CaOlaHsd mice were whole-body exposed to either chronic low dose rate (2.5 mGy/h for 54 d) or the higher dose rates (10 mGy/h for 14 d and 100 mGy/h for 30 h) of gamma radiation (60Co, total dose: 3 Gy). Chromatin accessibility was analysed in liver tissue samples using Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq), both one day after and over three months post-radiation (>100 d). The results show that the dose rate contributes to radiation-induced epigenomic changes in the liver at both sampling timepoints. Interestingly, chronic low dose rate exposure to a high total dose (3 Gy) did not inflict long-term changes to the epigenome. In contrast to the acute high dose rate given to the same total dose, reduced accessibility at transcriptional start sites (TSS) was identified in genes relevant for the DNA damage response and transcriptional activity. Our findings link dose rate to essential biological mechanisms that could be relevant for understanding long-term changes after ionizing radiation exposure. However, future studies are needed to comprehend the biological consequence of these findings.publishedVersio
Soya saponins and prebiotics alter intestinal functions in Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)
Get PDFA 5-week feeding trial was conducted in the cleaner fish Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) for a better understanding of the basic biology of the intestinal functions and health in this stomach less species. During the trial, Ballan wrasse was fed either a reference diet, the reference diet supplemented with (i) a commercial prebiotic (Aquate™ SG, 0·4 %) expected to have beneficial effects, (ii) soya saponins (0·7 %) expected to induce inflammation or (iii) a combination of the prebiotics and the soya saponins to find a remedy for gut inflammation. Blood, intestinal tissue and gut content from four consecutive intestinal segments (IN1 – IN4) were collected. No significant differences in fish growth were observed between the four dietary groups. Saponin supplementation, both alone and in combination with prebiotics, increased weight index of IN2 and IN3 and decreased blood plasma glucose, cholesterol and total protein. Dry matter of intestinal content and activity of digestive enzymes were not affected by diet. Histomorphological analyses revealed a progressing inflammation with increased infiltration by immune cells particularly into the distal parts of the intestine in fish fed diets with saponins, both alone and in combination with prebiotics. Gene expression profiles obtained by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR mirrored the histological and biochemical changes induced by the saponin load. The study demonstrated that Ballan wrasse gut health and digestive function may be markedly affected by feed ingredients containing antinutrients.publishedVersio
Faba bean lignocellulosic sidestream as a filler for the development of biodegradable packaging
Get PDFIn this work, bio-composites were produced using faba bean sidestream (stems, pods and mixed stems and pods) as a filler to a bio-based and biodegradable polymer blend of Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) (PBSA/PHBV, ratio 85/15). The faba bean sidestream was added at 10, 20, and 30 % wt. to the PBSA/PHBV matrix. The bio-composite pellets were compounded by a twin-screw extruder and the pellets were further processed into tensile rods by injection moulding and into bio-composite films by film extrusion. The mechanical, barrier, thermal and morphological properties of the bio-composite films and injection moulded specimens were evaluated. The tensile stress at maximum force and Young's modulus of the injection moulded specimens increased with an increase in fibre loading, with the bio-composite containing 30% fibres showing the largest increase in relation to the neat blend. The increase in tensile stress suggests good interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the fibres as evidenced by scanning electron microscope. However, a decrease in tensile strain and impact strength was observed with an increase in fibre loading. With the addition of 20 and 30% of fibres, the oxygen transmission rate decreased by 29 and 52% respectively in relation with the neat blend, while there was no statistical significance in the water vapour transmission rate of the bio-composite containing 20 and 30% fibres in relation to the neat blend. The study demonstrated that PBSA/PHBV composited with faba bean sidestream are processible by both injection moulding and film extrusion with balanced mechanical and barrier properties for potential application in food packaging as flexible films or for rigid packaging.publishedVersio