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Glucoregulatory Properties of a Protein Hydrolysate from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of DPP-IV Inhibition and Direct Glucose Uptake In Vitro
Get PDFMetabolic disorders are increasingly prevalent conditions that manifest pathophysiologically along a continuum. Among reported metabolic risk factors, elevated fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels have shown the most substantial increase in risk exposure. Ultimately leading to insulin resistance (IR), this condition is associated with notable deteriorations in the prognostic outlook for major diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer risk, and mortality related to cardiovascular disease. Tackling metabolic dysfunction, with a focus on prevention, is a critically important aspect for human health. In this study, an investigation into the potential antidiabetic properties of a salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) was conducted, focusing on its potential dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition and direct glucose uptake in vitro. Characterization of the SPH utilized a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to identify potent glucoregulatory peptide fractions. Low-molecular-weight (MW) fractions prepared by membrane filtration (MWCO = 3 kDa) showed significant DPP-IV inhibition (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.12 mg/mL) and glucose uptake in vitro (p ≤ 0.0001 at 1 mg/mL). Further fractionation of the lowest MW fractions (<3 kDa) derived from the permeate resulted in three peptide subfractions. The subfraction with the lowest molecular weight demonstrated the most significant glucose uptake activity (p ≤ 0.0001), maintaining its potency even at a dilution of 1:500 (p ≤ 0.01).publishedVersio
Rapid and non-destructive quantification of meat content in the legs of live red king crab (Camtschaticus paralithodes) by near-infrared spectroscopy
Get PDFRed king crab (RKC) is one of the most widely distributed and well-known of all king crabs. The edible meat of the RKC is in the legs and claws and is considered a delicacy. Occasionally, the content of meat is low, and this is regarded as the single most negative quality attribute. In this study, we elucidated how rapid and non-destructive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on live RKCs can be used to predict the meat content in the cooked legs. A NIRS prototype (wavelength range 760–1080 nm) was used to obtain spectra from the interior tissue of the crab legs. 99 live crabs (380 legs) were measured over a 10-month period. Calibration models were developed with a prediction error for meat content of 6.4 %-points, which is accurate enough to classify the crabs into low (<80 %) and high meat content. The amount of cooked meat is proportional to the amount protein in the muscle. A limitation with the method is that it may overestimate the meat content if the legs have lost free water due to e.g. injuries in the exoskeleton. The technology described can facilitate a more sustainable RKC fishery and improve the subsequent trade and processing.publishedVersio
Systemic innovation for operationalising bioeconomy: A qualitative content analysis
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Geopolitical tensions framing different industries in the European Arctic: aquaculture, forestry, mining, and tourism in question
Get PDFRussia’s full-scale war on Ukraine in early 2022 has brought geopolitics, particularly classical geopolitics, back into the political and economic discussions and decision-making. Discursive, as well as real-world change, has been rapid, as the turn of the 21st century was the time of globalisation and neoliberal ideology – the free movement of people, products, and services. However, in this paper, we argue that classical geopolitics has defined the development of Northern industries even before the war began in 2022. Our interview data (n = 60) collected in the advent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine reveal that the themes of state power; ‘hard’ security meaning military armament; the economy as a field of national interests; and spill-over effects of geopolitical tensions between superpowers have framed economic fortunes in the European Arctic. It is concluded that the state actors’ interests in the European Arctic’s physical space and natural assets will be increasingly expanding.publishedVersio
Industrial Buyers’ Food Neophobia–A Barrier to Market Entry? A Case Study of Introducing Lumpfish to South Korea and Vietnam
Get PDFThe need to find sustainable food sources to feed the growing population makes the utilization of all available food resources especially important. But introducing new food is challenging and often fails. In the consumer behavior literature, food neophobia (FN), the unwillingness to try new food, has been identified as a crucial factor in understanding the adoption of new food products. However, limited research can be found on the role of FN in industrial buyers’ choice of new food products. Industrial buyers are important gatekeepers for the introduction of new food products as they decide what is offered to the consumers and may stop any market entry long before a new food product reaches the consumers’ attention. Thus, the understanding of the potential FN in industrial buying behavior, in different markets, is important to succeed with the introduction of new food products. In this study, we have explored FN as a potential barrier to the adoption of a new seafood product, farmed lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), by industrial buyers in South Korea and Vietnam. The results revealed differences between the two countries’ industrial buyers, with South Koreans demonstrating more FN than the Vietnamese. This contradicts with the consumer research showing that FN decreases with increased income, education, and urbanization.publishedVersio
A Comparative Study of Collagen Proteins in Skin, Bones, and Guts of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
Get PDFThe contents and distribution of different collagen types in bones, skins, and guts of salmon and cod were assessed by chemical and mass spectroscopic methods. The highest levels of collagen were found in the skin (89–98%), followed by the bones (79–89%), and the guts (25–36%). A variety of different collagen α-chain proteins were detected in the assessed tissues, with proteins from 12 to 6 different collagen types quantified in salmon and cod, respectively. The less well-known collagen IV was found in significant levels in all tissues, and the most diverse collagen composition was found in the bones.A Comparative Study of Collagen Proteins in Skin, Bones, and Guts of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)publishedVersio
Occurrence of Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli in slaughterhouses before and after cleaning and disinfection
Get PDFTo prevent foodborne illness, adequate cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is essential to remove pathogenic bacteria from the slaughter environment. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) before and after C&D in slaughterhouses. Samples from food- and non-food contact surfaces taken before and after C&D in one red meat and one poultry slaughterhouse were analyzed for the target bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. In total, 484 samples were analyzed. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 13.0% to 15.5% of samples before C&D in the red meat and poultry slaughterhouse, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated before C&D in 12.5% and 5.2% of samples in the red meat and poultry slaughterhouse, respectively. It was noted that C. jejuni was detected on multiple surfaces and that L. monocytogenes showed potential persistence in one slaughterhouse. After C&D, L. monocytogenes was found in one sample. ESBL E. coli was not detected either before or after C&D. These findings show the possibility to remove pathogenic bacteria from slaughter and meat processing facilities, but also indicate that deficiencies in slaughter hygiene pose a risk of cross-contamination of meat.publishedVersio
Smoltification of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Is Associated with Enhanced Traffic and Renewal of B Cell Repertoire
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Et mer bærekraftig teinefiske etter kongekrabbe ved økt antall rømningsveier
Get PDFI dag brukes det utelukkende sammenleggbare en-kammerteiner for fangst av kongekrabbe på Finnmarkskysten. Målet i dette prosjektet var å dokumentere effektiviteten av kommersielle kongekrabbeteiner med lovpålagte seleksjonsringer (4 stk) opp mot kongekrabbeteiner med 8 seksjoneringer med tanke på å forbedre seleksjon av hunn krabbe og undermåls kongekrabber. Våre forsøksresultater viser at det er mulig å forbedre fangstseleksjon ved relativt enkle tiltak som å doble antall rømningsveier (seleksjonsringer) i teina. Videre ser vi at andelen skadd krabbe og andelen hunkrabbe er høyest i teinene med 4 seleksjonsringer sammenliknet med de med 8 seleksjonsringer. Begge disse faktorene bidrar til at å forringe kongekrabbebestanden med tanke på et mest mulig fremtidsrettet fiske. Vår konklusjon er at dagens teiner med gjeldende regelverk relatert til antall seleksjonsringer kan bli mere bærekraftig ved å øke antall rømningsveier fra 4 til 8 for å forbedre fangstredskapene slik at det er mulig å få selektert ut undermålskrabbe før de tas om bord i båt og skades. En annen viktig faktor med å øke fra 4 til 8 seleksjonsringer er at leveransen av stor krabbe vil gå opp og du vil bruke mindre tid å sortere krabbene på dekk. I dette tilfelle vil vi få en vinnvinn situasjon hvor vi tar vare på ressursene på en bærekraftig måteEt mer bærekraftig teinefiske etter kongekrabbe ved økt antall rømningsveierpublishedVersio
Effekten av ulike desinfeksjonsstrategier på Spironucleus Salmonicida
Get PDFDet er studert overlevelse etter UV behandling av Spironucleus salmonicida flagellater under kontrollerte betingelser i lab. Overlevelse ble undersøkt umiddelbart etter UV behandling og deretter på flere senere tidspunkt. Det var ingen overlevende på noe tidspunkt etter behandling med Medium Pressure (MP) UV-lampe ved en dose på 50 mJ/cm2 eller høyere. Ved de lavere dosene som ble testet, 10 og 25 mJ/cm2 , var parasittene heller ikke levedyktige over tid eller hadde evne til formering, selv om det ble observert bevegelige flagellater i mikroskop 0 og 24 timer etter behandling. De var imidlertid så svekket etter behandlingen at alle var døde innen 48 timer. Testene i laboratoriet er utført med høy mengde parasitter i vann med lav salinitet og svært lav organisk belastning. Ved valg av UV-dose i settefiskanlegg må det tas hensyn til faktorer som kan redusere effekten av valgt UV-dose, som for eksempel mengden organisk belastning i vannet. Vår anbefaling er at det ved bruk av MP UV-lamper benyttes en dosering på minst 50 mJ/cm2 for vannkvalitet med svært lav organisk belastning, og at denne doseringen justeres i forhold til vannkvaliteten ut i fra beregnet transmisjon.Effekten av ulike desinfeksjonsstrategier på Spironucleus SalmonicidapublishedVersio