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Alternative energikilder og -bærere i sjømatnæringen Delrapport 3 i EnerSea - Tilgang på fornybar energi for sjømatnæringen fram mot 2040
Get PDFRapporten oppsummerer energi- og effektbehov og beskriver status for alternative energikilder og -bærere i sjømatnæringen. Den presenterer også en analyse av reduksjonen i klimagassutslipp ved en total omstilling til fornybare energikilder. Spesielt interessant vurderes situasjonen for alternativ energitilgang for industrianlegg på land og oppdrettsanlegg i sjø, og alternative energibærere for fartøy. Hvilken rolle alternative energikilder og -bærere kan spille i sjømatnæringen diskuteres videre i en studie av grønne energikjeder for Mørekysten. Konklusjonen er at det er utfordringer med alle alternativer til fossil energi i sjømatnæringen og en rekke praktiske barrierer for grønne energikjeder. Pris og tilgjengelighet er de to største barrierene for alternative energibærere. Effekten av en total omstilling av sjømatnæringen til fornybare løsninger anslås å være utslippsreduksjon på 75-93% i forhold til dagens nivå om det ikke antas noen vekst i produksjonen, og på 37-82% med en tredobling av produksjonen i oppdrett.Alternative energikilder og -bærere i sjømatnæringen Delrapport 3 i EnerSea - Tilgang på fornybar energi for sjømatnæringen fram mot 2040Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfinansieringpublishedVersio
Nullutslippsområde i smarte byer Definisjon, nøkkelindikatorer og vurderingskriterier: Versjon 5.0
Get PDFDenne rapporten beskriver definisjoner, nøkkelindikatorer og vurderingskriterier som benyttes i Forskningssenter for nullutslippsområder i smarte byer (ZEN-senteret). Versjon 5.0 bygger på tidligere versjoner av ZEN-definisjonsrapporten og serien av ZEN definisjonsveiledere (1). Versjon 5.0 gir detaljer om ZEN definisjonsrammeverk. Flere detaljer om ZEN KPI finnes i rapporten ZEN definisjonsveileder versjon 4.0. Til sammen har over 100 eksperter fra ZEN-senteret bidratt til dette dokumentet.publishedVersio
Enhancing elasticity models with deep learning: A novel corrective source term approach for accurate predictions
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Partial Discharge Inception Voltage of Pigtail Samples with Type II Insulation and Sinusoidal vs Switched Voltage
Get PDFPartial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) under sinusoidal voltage and switched voltage with dV/dt of 20 V/ns have been investigated for pigtail samples with type II insulation consisting of Litz wire as conductor and mica-Kapton tape as groundwall insulation. Voltage was increased in steps of 100 V peak with duration of 60 s for both sinusoidal and switched voltage with switching frequency of 45 Hz until PDs were observed. No significant difference in the PDIV for sinusoidal and switched voltage was found. Further, sinusoidal voltage was applied until breakdown. No correlation between breakdown voltage and PDIV was found, but very large PDs (∼ 100 nC) consequently initiated 4-5 kV below breakdown voltage. Dissection of the tested pigtails showed multiple voids in the wedge between Litz wire strands and the inner insulation layer, suspected to cause the main portion of the PDs. Such voids with only a thin varnish covering the electrode surfaces would get less significant space charge build-up. Therefore, a low field enhancement from space charges is expected during the fast voltage change of switched voltage.Partial Discharge Inception Voltage of Pigtail Samples with Type II Insulation and Sinusoidal vs Switched VoltageacceptedVersio
Long-term operational planning for flexible residential buildings with seasonal storage and capacity-based grid tariffs
Get PDFWhen performing operation of the energy system in a building, it is difficult to accurately represent the uncertain long-term objectives in the short-term window, and the correlation between long-term objectives. This work investigates a strategic modelling framework for representing long-term incentives during short-term operational planning for an energy system within flexible buildings. Multi-stage backwards Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) is used to decompose the yearly operational problem into smaller stages, and create long-term cost curves that captures the cost of adjusting long-term price signals, which in this work considers seasonal thermal energy storage and recurring monthly capacity-based grid tariff costs. The proposed method is analyzed for a flexible realistic Norwegian building located in Southern Norway, where the influence both price signals have on long-term operational performance is analyzed. Results show that the framework strategically optimizes the long-term seasonal storage together with the recurring monthly grid tariff, complementing each other by using the seasonal storage to reduce peak costs during winter. With both seasonal storage and monthly demand charge, yearly operational costs are reduced by 4.3% compared to only accounting for the grid tariff. Additionally, the operational performance achieved only a 0.9% higher cost compared to yearly simulation with perfect information.publishedVersio
A methodology for optimal placement of energy hubs with electric vehicle charging stations and renewable generation
Get PDFThe use of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources can significantly contribute to the reduction of pollution levels, fostering a cleaner and more sustainable environment. In addition to their positive environmental impact, electric vehicles can also serve as energy storage units, enabling a bidirectional energy flow between the vehicles and the grid. Despite these promising prospects, a disjointed approach to charging infrastructure planning overlooks the synergies between the energy and transportation ecosystem. This calls for a holistic and coordinated approach to infrastructure development that harnesses the benefits emerging from the convergence of electric vehicles, renewable energy, and transport planning. This paper presents a methodology for the optimal placement of future Energy Hubs for electric vehicle charging and renewable generation. The methodology uses data from open-source datasets involving renewable energy sources, traffic density, charging patterns, road topology, and land use. The optimization problem is formulated as a multi-objective linear programming problem, with the objectives of minimizing the number of Energy Hub units, minimizing electric vehicles charging radius coverage and distance from power substations, and maximizing energy generation. The methodology is demonstrated through an application in Trondheim, Norway, which produces a Pareto front for decision-makers to evaluate the best trade-offs between objectives.A methodology for optimal placement of energy hubs with electric vehicle charging stations and renewable generationpublishedVersio
Preliminary developments and insights of the Smart Building Hub: A Norwegian e-infrastructure for energy-flexible and healthy buildings
Get PDFExperience from acquiring, processing, and storing data in past and ongoing research projects has proven to be much more time-consuming than expected due to a plethora of data structures, missing metadata, and security issues. Currently, there is no infrastructure in Norway giving researchers access to insight into the energy performance and indoor climate in buildings on a larger scale. Therefore, this article presents the preliminary developments and insights of the Smart Building Hub (SBHub) e-infrastructure, such as the data sources, architecture, relevant stakeholders, use cases, and findings from interviews with identified stakeholders. The lasting contribution of this article aims to fill a critical gap in current research infrastructures in Norway but also sets a precedent for similar initiatives globally, showcasing how interdisciplinary approaches and stakeholder engagement can lead to significant advancements in smart building research.publishedVersio
Kartlegging av fleksibilitetsordninger hos næringskunder (CINELDI-rapport 01:2024)
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Thermochemical Activation of Wood with NaOH, KOH and H3PO4 for the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Get PDFCarbonization of biomass residues followed by activation has great potential to become a safe process for the production of various carbon materials for various applications. Demand for commercial use of biomass-based carbon materials is growing rapidly in advanced technologies, including in the energy sector, as catalysts, batteries and capacitor electrodes. In this study, carbon materials were synthesized from hardwood using two carbonization methods, followed by activation with H3PO4, KOH and NaOH and doping with nitrogen. Their chemical composition, porous structure, thermal stability and structural order of samples were studied. It was shown that, despite the differences, the synthesized carbon materials are active catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Among the investigated carbon materials, NaOH-activated samples exhibited the lowest Tafel slope values, of −90.6 and −88.0 mV dec–1, which are very close to the values of commercial Pt/C at −86.6 mV dec–1.publishedVersio