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Weathering data of Buzzard crude oils – Input to Oil database for OSCAR simulations
Get PDFA standardized bench-scale weathering study has been performed on two Buzzard crude oils from the main field and the northern terrace manifold (NTM), respectively. The laboratory data of the crude oils are input to the SINTEF Oil database for further OSCAR (oil drift and response model) simulations. In addition, predictions of oil weathering properties by using the Oil Weathering Model (OWM) have been conducted at 5 and 15°C with varying wind speeds (2-15 m/s). Note that OSCAR simulations have not been included in this project.Weathering data of Buzzard crude oils – Input to Oil database for OSCAR simulationspublishedVersio
Nye fôringredienser i Norge: Potensielle forretningsmodeller for insekter, mikroalger og gressprotein
Get PDFDette notatet er en del av leveransen til Sintef Digital, faggruppe for Regional
bærekraft og bioøkonomi, i NFR-prosjektet SusFeed. Følgende forsknings spørsmål belyses med basis i data samlet inn i prosjektet:
1. Hva kjennetegner forretningsmodeller blant norske produsenter av
fôringredienser basert på insekter, mikroalger og gressraffinering?
2. Hva er de største hindringene og utfordringene for økt bruk av nye
fôringredienser, sett fra produsentene og kraftfôrindustrien?
3. Hvilke strategier og ressurser bruker produsenter av nye fôringredienser
for å få innpass som leverandører til kraftfôrindustrien?
ISBN: 978-82-14-07098-9publishedVersio
The Effect of Static Recrystallisation of Parent Austenite on the Lath Martensite Intervariant Boundary Network
Get PDFThe current study investigated the effect of static recrystallisation (SRX) of parent austenite microstructure on the lath martensite intervariant boundary network. In general, the misorientation angle distribution of lath martensite exhibited a bimodal distribution in the range of 10–22 deg and 47–60 deg for all thermomechanical conditions, closely matching the misorientations expected from the ideal Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. Nevertheless, the population of 60 deg misorientation angle initially reduced with the extent of softening up to 50 pct beyond which it progressively increased to a maximum in the fully recrystallised condition. This was closely consistent with the trend noticed for the 60 deg/[110] intervariant boundaries having twist character. This was explained through the distinct variant selection mechanism occurring due to the change in the parent austenite grain characteristics (i.e., size and deformed state) upon static recrystallisation. The recrystallisation initially led to the formation of fine dislocation-free parent austenite grains up to 50 pct softening, promoting a 4-variant (V1V2V3V4) clustering arrangement to decrease the strain related to the martensite transformation. In turn, this promoted the formation of symmetric tilt 60 deg/[111] intervariant boundaries, which ultimately reduced the 60 deg/[110] boundaries. Further softening, accompanied with the growth and/or coalescence of parent austenite grains, altered the variant clustering to a 3-variant arrangement (V1V3V5) and the increase in 60 deg/[110] twist intervariant boundaries. Indeed, the martensite boundary network was largely controlled by the SRX parent austenite characteristics (i.e., size), which can be controlled to enhance the materials performance for a given application.publishedVersio
Energifleksibilitet i bygg og områder
Get PDFFleksibel energibruk er en nødvendig del av et energisystem basert på fornybar energi. I dette notatet gir FME ZEN anbefalinger for tiltak som kan øke energifleksibiliteten i bygg og områder. Vi beskriver status og muligheter innen energifleksibilitet, basert på forskning og praksis.publishedVersio
Nye råd for utforming av grunnskoler. Rådene i Byggforskserien skal sikre at skoleanlegg planlegges og bygges til beste for lokalmiljøet
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Digital Twin supported Structural Health Monitoring of Test Rigs for Wave Energy Applications
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to document the development and application process of a generic Digital Twin (DT) test rig model for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The test rig used for Wave Energy Converter (WEC) component testing is represented by a Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) reduced assembly FEM applicable to real time execution. The Finite Element (FE) simulation model can be exported as a Digital Twin model through a Functional Mockup Unit (FMU) to the digital framework for Dual Hardware in the Loop (DHIL) simulations. The simulation model is also used to generate a Reduced Order Model (ROM). A digital framework can be configured to simultaneously execute and sample data from physical and virtual FMU/ROM sensors on the WEC test rig during tests. The digital twin model can run in both real time and off-line mode. In real time mode, the physical test rig excitations are sampled and streamed to the digital twin model using open software solutions. Real-time stress and fatigue analysis for the selected load cases can be conducted using virtual strain gauges located at hot spots and identified by a virtual brittle lacquer technique. The streamed data is also buffered and stored on (csv) files for later digital twin off-line execution. The digital framework supporting data sampling, visualization, analytics, event handling, anomaly detection and digital twin execution is based on open-source Python and Streamlit scripts. The digital twin model is prepared and executed by the open-source FEDEM software [Stranden Ø. et al.,2023)] based on both live streaming and historical data. A new two-step FMU and ROM process is developed and applied for DHIL execution.acceptedVersio
Faster decarbonization of heavy industries in low-carbon power grids: Using process flexibility for handling grid congestions
Get PDFIndustrial decarbonization requires substantial electricity and grid infrastructure. Policies are developed and significant funds are being directed to decarbonize electricity generation and incentivize investments in renewable energy. Expansion of the transmission grid, however, is lagging. Even though grid capacity limits may be critical only for a few hours annually, industries ready to make large energy-intensive decarbonization investments may be refused grid connection due to security-of-supply requirements. We demonstrate that industrial flexibility can alleviate grid congestions and increase grid reliability. In low CO2-intensity power grids, this can increase the pace of decarbonization of heavy industries via electrification. By aligning industrial processes with grid load, peak demand can be reduced, facilitating faster sector decarbonization. Our study presents a bottom-up model of the demand-side flexibility of energy intensive processes in heavy industries (chemicals, cement and metals). Applying this to a Norwegian industry region, combined with power flow analysis, the flexibility reduces strain on transmission grids during peak demand, reducing grid overload hours by 90 %. Activating industrial flexibility incurs significant operational costs, primarily determined by the most stringent processes. We estimate a unit cost of 111-210 €/MWh for flexibility of the industry sectors considered, comparable to other grid reinforcement alternatives but with significantly reduced time for realization. In the investigated transmission grid, 339 MW of new electrification measures can be accommodated, allowing for decarbonization measures representing 16 % of the annual CO2-emissions of the industries. Our findings emphasize the importance of encouraging more flexible processes in heavy industries to accelerate decarbonization by electrification in low-emission power grids.Faster decarbonization of heavy industries in low-carbon power grids: Using process flexibility for handling grid congestionsacceptedVersio
Assessing fracture toughness of vintage and modern X65 pipeline steels under in situ electrochemical hydrogen charging using advanced testing methodology
Get PDFThe susceptibility of pipeline steels to hydrogen embrittlement, which can significantly impair mechanical performance, especially fracture toughness, is a critical issue in infrastructure integrity. This study evaluates the fracture toughness of modern and vintage API X65 steels under cathodic polarization (CP) conditions, employing methods such as rising displacement testing, stepwise rising constant load testing, and constant load testing. Tearing crack growth was detected at crack tip opening displacements (CTODs) of 0.032 to 0.055 mm while subsequent crack arrest under constant force loading was observed with CTOD thresholds of 0.148 mm and 0.255 mm for modern and vintage X65, respectively. Electron channelling contrast imaging demonstrated that arrested cracks in both steels exhibited reduced plasticity and a higher propensity for crack branching compared to propagating cracks. These findings highlight the need for tailored strategies to mitigate the effects of hydrogen embrittlement in pipeline materials and underscore the differences in damage tolerance between steel generations.publishedVersio
Electrochemical Recovery of Sb, Te, and In in Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol DES Electrolyte
Get PDFCholine Chloride-Ethylene Glycol DES mixture (ethaline) is considered a green solvent and is one of the most popular DESs to combine with electrochemical recovery processes due to its superior electrochemical properties compared to other DES systems. In this work, electrochemical behaviour of antimony, tellurium, and indium in the ethaline system has been investigated to evaluate if this electrolyte media is suitable for electrochemical recovery. The metal chlorides SbCl3, TeCl4, and InCl3 were added to model ethaline solutions at 10 mM concentrations. Electrochemical investigations were carried out at 60 °C by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and potentiostatic electrolysis using a three-electrode setup. Metal deposits were investigated with SEM–EDS. All three metals were found to deposit within the electrochemical limits of the ethaline electrolyte, the cathodic deposition of the different metals appears in the order Te, then Sb, then In most cathodic.acceptedVersio