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Shared Solutions for Active, Collective, and Inclusive Neighbourhoods
Full text linkUrban planning, either from a city or regional perspective, includes the study of land use, mobility, and transport, both of people, goods and services. In recent years, new shared service solutions have been considered to improve transport and mobility by reducing the share of privately owned vehicles. Shared solutions are also seen as a desired solution for urban planning in creating more sustainable neighbourhoods. This paper presents a study designed to map the relationship between urban planning approaches that aim to stimulate shared and active mobility and travel and shopping habits. The findings highlight that introducing several measures to stimulate more sustainable mobility had positive effects, such as reduced car ownership, and as such it should be considered when designing future urban spaces. The paper builds on a case study of Vestre Billingstad community close to Oslo, Norway.publishedVersio
From local strategies to global sustainability: A macroeconomic analysis of Extended Producer Responsibility scenarios for the Norwegian consumer textiles sector
Full text linkThis report looks at the macroeconomic effects of different scenarios of Extended Producer Responsibility for consumer textiles in Norway. It quantifies not only the effects on the textile consumption, but also the ripple effects on the Norwegian economy and in global value chains of a reduction in household consumption of textiles driven by higher prices, of the investment of collected eco-fees in the textile waste management, and of the consumption shift to other goods and services. We find that, on the medium and long term, the total economic effects, employment, and carbon emissions are highly dependent on what consumers spend the income saved by avoided clothing consumption.publishedVersio
Selective Power Control in Grid-connected AC Microgrids
Full text linkThe increasing penetration of non-linear loads (NLLs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in low-voltage grids presents significant challenges to power quality and grid hosting capacity (GHC). This paper proposes a centralized multi-mode selective power control strategy for grid-connected AC microgrids (MGs), requiring no prior knowledge of MG parameters. The strategy enhances GHC and power quality at multiple MG nodes through coordinated control. The proposed approach includes two non-simultaneous operation modes. The centralized mode enables multi-frequency power dispatch via a generalized power-based control (GPBC) algorithm, which extends the formulation of the power-based control strategy. It enables selective harmonic/distortion power control, improved disturbance rejection, and more accurate point of common coupling (PCC) power tracking. For the first time, feedback (F), feedforward (f), and disturbance decoupling (D) actions are applied to distortion/harmonic power in MGs. The decentralized mode avoids the need for communication links in harmonic current compensation (HCC), reducing data traffic. Control is achieved by a primary-level selective decentralized voltage-detection-based HCC (VDB-HCC) method. The strategy allows for: resistive load synthesis at the MG PCC to damp upstream grid resonances, sinusoidal current synthesis to enhance current quality and meet power quality standards, and HCC based on voltage measurements to improve voltage quality at internal MG nodes. Comprehensive simulations assess power reference tracking, disturbance rejection, the effect of grid short circuit level, and mode transitions. In decentralized mode, the MG control improved PCC voltage THD from 10.65% to 1.09% under weak grids. In centralized mode, using sinusoidal current synthesis up to the 11th harmonic, PCC current THD was reduced from 61.18% to 3.42% under stiff grids. Experimental results are also evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of implementation in real-field MG applications.Selective Power Control in Grid-connected AC MicrogridspublishedVersio
AIFAL-prosjekt: Allmennlegers perspektiv på muligheter og begrensninger ved bruk av KI på fastlegekontoret
Full text linkI prosjektet Allmennlegers perspektiv på muligheter og begrensninger ved bruk av AI på fastlegekontoret (AIFAL-prosjekt) har vi utforsket allmennlegenes perspektiv på bruk av kunstig intelligens (KI) og generative språkmodeller i allmennpraksis for å kunne bidra til utvikling av KI-løsninger som er relevante, nyttige og skreddersydde for norsk allmennpraksis. Data ble innsamlet på en heldags workshop med 11 allmennleger der vi bl.a. gjennomførte to fokusgruppeintervjuer. Allmennlegene som deltok i workshopen uttrykte både forventning og skepsis til bruk av KI-basert teknologi i sin arbeidshverdag. De har erfaring med eller ideer om hvordan KI kan effektivisere og øke kvaliteten på mange arbeidsoppgaver, og er samtidig opptatt av å bevare klinisk skjønn og pasientsikkerhet. De ønsker seg bekreftelser på og støtte for at teknologien er trygg å bruke i klinisk praksis.AIFAL-prosjekt: Allmennlegers perspektiv på muligheter og begrensninger ved bruk av KI på fastlegekontoretISBN: 978-82-14-07420-8publishedVersio
Samfunnsøkonomisk verdi av flomdemping fra vannkraftregulering – Oppsummering av prosjekt SamVann
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Reference dataset for semi-urban and rural Norwegian low voltage distribution grids
Full text linkThis paper presents a dataset describing two semi-urban and two rural Norwegian residential low voltage grids. The grids have a radial structure and have a nominal voltage of 230 V. Each grid comes with a corresponding load time series for each consumer with one hour resolution, spanning one year. In order for the dataset to be customizable, the load time series do not contain extra elements such as PV production profiles or electric vehicle charging. On its own, the dataset enables more precise power flow analysis of low voltage distribution grids, but it can also be coupled with medium voltage distribution grids for studies on integrated medium-low voltage distribution systems. © 2025 The Author(s)Reference dataset for semi-urban and rural Norwegian low voltage distribution gridspublishedVersio
Research Data: A Public Good or a Private Asset?
Full text linkThis article is concerned with the issue of how Research Performing Organizations can balance the market and non-market values of the research data they hold. To address this issue, we adopt the lenses of the Resource Based View and Open Science and explore the interplay between them. In doing so, this article addresses the question of whether it is possible to achieve a balance between research data as a public good and as a private asset and if so, how. Of particular interest are Research Performing Organizations in the institute sector that operate under both market and non-market logics, which have implications for how they govern their research data. From the discussions undertaken in the article, one of the main conclusions is that Research Performing Organizations may benefit from adopting a research data governance model that captures both the economic and societal values of research data. They could do so, for instance, by developing an integrative institutional policy and by actively using data management plans to evaluate the value of the data produced in research projects.publishedVersio
Thermal performance estimation for cryogenic storage tanks: Application to liquid hydrogen
Full text linkThe design of cryogenic liquid storage solutions requires accurate methods for estimating heat ingress, from the material level to the tank level. For insulation materials, thermal performance is usually measured using ambient conditions and liquid nitrogen at 77 K as boundary temperatures. A key question is how much heat ingress increases when storing liquid hydrogen (LH2) at 20 K. We address this by introducing the Concavity Hypothesis, namely that heat ingress is a concave function of the cold boundary temperature, and show that the increase in heat ingress is below 26 %. Additionally, we demonstrate that heat ingress is much more sensitive to the warm boundary temperature than the cold boundary temperature. At the tank level, we compare two methods for assessing the steady-state thermal performance of cryogenic tanks: thermal network models and the heat equation solved with the finite element method. The latter offers high accuracy and adaptability for complex geometries, while thermal network models benefit from simplicity, speed and robustness. We apply both approaches to a self-supported 40 000 m LH2 tank concept for maritime transport that operates at constant pressure, and analyze sensitivity to structural support thickness, warm boundary temperature, and choice of insulation material. The thermal network model can estimate heat ingress with -1% error and the cold-spot temperature with error less than 1 K.Thermal performance estimation for cryogenic storage tanks: Application to liquid hydrogenpublishedVersio
On the Performance of Damper‑Optimised Demand‑Controlled Ventilation Systems During a Fire
Full text linkModern heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are complex, interconnected systems optimised to be energy efficient. Damper-optimised demand-controlled ventilation systems (DCV) minimise energy consumption by using a dedicated control unit that calculates the optimal fan speed based on room sensors and the feedback from all DCV dampers, which each measures the airflow rate and adjusts its damper angle accordingly. In buildings that do not use a compartmentation strategy in the event of a fire, it is crucial that the ventilation system is pressurised and provides balanced ventilation in order to prevent smoke from spreading via the ventilation system and to avoid creating pressure imbalances, which may impair evacuation. In the present study, two full-scale fire tests from a series of 14 tests in a mock-up building equipped with a damper-optimised DCV system are presented, and the ventilation system’s performance during the fire is assessed. The tests revealed various failure mechanisms caused by heat exposure, leading to individual damper uncontrolled opening or closing or the building management system losing contact with all dampers. Furthermore, it was shown that the failure of individual dampers and the gradual clogging of the extraction filter can affect the pressure balance in other parts of the building outside the fire room and increase the risk of smoke spreading through the ventilation ducts.publishedVersio