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Fremtidens regionale lufthavn og testarena på Røros: Oppsummering av hovedfunn fra prosjektene Fremtidens lufthavn - Integrering i lokalsamfunnet og Green Flyway 2.0 - Mulighetsstudie
Full text linkSINTEF har uført to nærliggende prosjekter relatert til utvikling av Røros lufthavn. Det ene
omhandler kommersialisering av en testarena for grønn luftfart, under navnet «Green
Flyway testarena». Det andre prosjektet ser på integrering av testarena og fremtidens
lufthavn sett opp mot næringslivets og lokalsamfunnets behov og forventninger.
Studien viser at Røros lufthavn har gode forutsetninger for å lykkes med
utviklingsarbeidet, men peker også på enkelte utfordringer: Det er flere initiativer for
byutvikling på Røros, og ikke alle trekker i samme retning. Konkurransen om å bli
foretrukket testarena for grønn luftfart har også tilspisset seg.
Notatet gir flere anbefalinger om konkrete tiltak som kan styrke arbeidet med å utvikle
Green Flyway testarena og styrke samarbeidet med lokalsamfunnet.
ISBN: 978-82-14-07301-0publishedVersio
Value Chain Assessment - SusFeed
Full text linkThis report was made as Deliverable D3.3.3 in the SusFeed NFR project. It responds to the task objective to help in modelling value chains for the new feed solutions of Grass, Algae and Insects; their economic viability, logistics of a new and established chain, and impacts on other related chains. Mathematical optimisation was chosen as modelling tool, and the BROMo model was developed partly in this project. Result indicate Algae and Grass feed have good potential to be integrated into the system in an efficient manner, but incest-based feeds would require more effort to scale. The results should be seen together with other deliverables in the project, especially the Scenario Report in which more cases on import and global conditions are considered.publishedVersio
Biodegradation of low sulfur fuel oil HDME 50 in seawater at sub-arctic temperatures with and without dispersants
Full text linkDispersant has been used efectively to enhance biodegradation rate of spilled oil in marine environment even at low temperature. However, the introduction of new ultra-low sulfur fuel oils (LSFO) to meet the new regulation for sulfur emission from ships, poses new challenges for oil spill response. There is limited knowledge regarding the dispersibility of the new oil type when applying dispersant, how toxic are the dispersed oils and how fast are the biodegradation of the oil components.Our current study tested biodegradation potential of chemically dispersed new LSFO, Hybrid Wide Range Gas Oil (HDME 50) and the un-dispersed oil flm in seawater at 13 and 5 °C. Our study demonstrated that both dispersed HDME 50 and undispersed oil were biodegraded by bacterial communities in the seawater which was collected from Lofoten, Norway during September and March. The depletions of total hydrocarbon content after 64 days were 44, 38 and 23% for the dispersed oil and oil flm microcosms at 13 °C, and oil flm microcosms at 5 °C, respectively. The half-lives of n-alkanes and naphthalenes were shortest for the dispersed oil at 13 °C, followed by the oil flm at the same temperature, and longest for oil flm at 5 °C. Bacteria genera Polaribacter, Colwellia, Comamonas, Glaciecola and the unclassifed Methylophilaceae became dominant in both dispersed oil and oil flm microcosms tested at 13 °C. There was a delay of the temporal succession for genera Polaribacter and Colwellia at 5 °C compared to 13 °C. Genus Colwellia presented with higher abundance at 5 than 13 °C. Beside the common bacterial taxa for both temperatures, there were other bacterial taxa that only increased in oil treated winter seawater such as unclassifed Flavobacteriaceae and unclassifed Nitrincolaceae (formerly Oceanospirillaceae).publishedVersio
Investigating the characteristics of stakeholder identification and engagement: a systematic review of the marine and coastal restoration literature
Full text linkIntroduction: Stakeholder engagement is a principle that underpins ecological restoration. However, how stakeholder engagement processes are conducted in large part determines the success of their outcomes. Objectives: In this systematic review, we investigate how stakeholders are identified and subsequently engaged in the marine and coastal restoration peer-reviewed literature. Methods: To conduct this systematic review, we selected articles from two electronic databases with broad coverage relevant to the topic of marine restoration: Scopus and Web of Science. Following the PRISMA framework, we analyzed 538 articles, deeming 54 of them relevant for the review. Results: Two bodies of literature emerged from our analysis: articles where scholars investigate stakeholders' perceptions of restoration or aspects of restoration (e.g. techniques, governance) and articles where scholars describe stakeholders' participation in restoration projects and planning. Across these two bodies of literature, we found key similarities and differences with respect to stakeholder identification and engagement practice. Importantly, we found that scholars investigating stakeholders' perceptions of restoration are more likely to provide information about stakeholder identification and engagement methods than scholars describing stakeholders' participation in restoration. Conclusions: As stakeholder engagement is a key principle underpinning restoration, it is important for scholars to be transparent about how stakeholders are identified and engaged. Transparency highlights how inclusive a process is and promotes learning for future restoration projects working to engage stakeholders.acceptedVersio
Conceptual design and process assessment of a MSW waste-to-energy plant with oxy-combustion CO2 capture
Full text linkCapturing CO2 from waste to energy plants has attracted increasing interest, particularly for the goal of achieving negative emissions. Oxy-combustion is a competitive alternative technology for CO2 capture. The main challenge is that oxygen production is expensive. In addition, a subsequent purification process is normally required to removal impurities, such as N2, O2, and Ar from CO2. This study presents a conceptual design of an oxy-combustion waste to energy plant with CO2 capture. A negative emission of 510.6 kg CO2/ton municipal solid waste has been achieved. The study further assesses the influences of air leakage, oxygen content at the furnace outlet, and purity of O2 supplied on the energy performance. It is concluded that efforts should be primarily made to reduce the impurities levels by minimizing air leakage and reducing oxygen content at furnace outlet when the impurities are high. In case of low air leakage and low oxygen content, efforts should be primarily made to reduce the power consumption of air separation units since it dominates the total power consumption. When compared to a reference monoethanolamine capture process, oxy-combustionhas a much lower specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided (SPECCA) of 2.73 vs. 7.8 MJLHV/kgCO2 for the monoethanolamine capture.publishedVersio
Utilization of mental health care among people bereaved by suicide in Norway: A trajectory analysis
Full text linkBackground: Losing a loved one to suicide is an extremely stressful event that is associated with mental health issues. However, little is known about the health care utilization of those bereaved by suicide. Identifying distinct trajectories of mental health care utilization can help reveal gaps in service provision, barriers to access, and opportunities for targeted interventions.
Aims: To uncover distinct patterns of mental health care utilization in association with suicide bereavement and explore sociodemographic factors and subsequent suicide risk associated with these patterns.
Method: We analyzed Norwegian population-wide registry data on mental health care utilization at three different levels among 14 781 adults bereaved by suicide from 2010 to 2019 using group-based multi-trajectory modeling to identify groups with distinct mental health care utilization trajectories. Socio-demographic differences between trajectory groups were analyzed in multinomial logistic regression models and the associated risk of suicide was obtained with cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results: We identified four distinct trajectories of mental health care utilization. Two distinct groups of individuals bereaved by suicide either rarely contacted mental health care providers (“Low”) or only consulted with general practitioners only ("GP only"). In the latter group, the utilization rate increased post-bereavement. One group of bereaved ("Acute increase") increased their mental health care utilization significantly after the loss, while another group ("High") consistently had a high utilization rate. These groups differed with respect to kinship to the deceased and sociodemographic factors. Individuals in the “GP only” and “High” group had significantly higher risk of suicide when compared to those in the “Low” group.
Conclusions: Individuals bereaved by suicide exhibited diverse patterns of mental health care utilization, reflecting a broad spectrum of needs and responses to loss.publishedVersio
Threat Modeling of Smart Grid Control Architectures
Full text linkIn this paper, we perform a threat modeling of architectures for controlling the medium voltage (MV) part of the power grid, arguing the importance of this topic with a brief summary of serious cyber security attacks from the last decade. As more Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are introduced into this part of the grid, the need to control these resources arises. A threat modeling of two alternative control architectures is performed to study two different aspects. Firstly, we study and compare the cyber security of the two architectures to determine whether one of them is inherently more secure than the other. While both architectures rely on 5G, one of the architectures uses a centralized design, while the other uses a distributed design. Our results indicate that at the current level of detail, contrary to common belief, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions as to which architecture is more secure. The second aspect we study is the applied threat modeling method itself. We evaluate and test the method and suggest improvements.publishedVersio
User involvement in ZEN – A reflection on the user perspective in ZEN
Full text linkThis memo is a reflection on the user perspective in FME ZEN.
The FME Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities (ZEN) has chosen Living Labs to address user engagement and as a framework for the organisation of user involvement in pilot projects. Work on user involvement in ZEN has also been carried out outside the activities in the Living Labs, mostly on methods of user involvement, rather than testing them on end users.
A brief overview is presented of selected publications in ZEN on user involvement where the "users" are not necessarily directly involved or represented. The common theme for these publications is methods for citizen participation, and challenges with stakeholder engagement in developing zero emission neighbourhoods. Key aspects to improve for increased user involvement in FME ZEN include:
- Providing methods for how to include the end user perspective when the end users are not yet present
- Early involvement in neighbourhood development project
- Collaboration and shared vision among the stakeholders
- Continuous stakeholder involvement
Further, user participation in a selection of ZEN pilots is discussed: Ydalir, Evenstad, Furuset, Gløshaugen, Lø and Mære. Publications on user involvement in these pilots are presented, and additional information was acquired from interviews with researchers and partners involved in the pilots. Based on the findings from the interviews and the presented publications, the following three themes are identified for discussion: (1) The struggle of engaging the end user, (2) Enthusiastic users of the technology, and (3) Complex planning- and development processes make user involvement challenging.
The “middle actors”, such as operating staff, is reported by researchers in the Living Labs as an especially interesting user group to work with, as they have intimate knowledge on both the end user and the technological infrastructure. Local initiatives driven by enthusiastic and innovative operational staff and property managers have realized a combination of technologies and the interoperability of solutions which had not been tested elsewhere before.
The memo concludes that the work in ZEN has mainly been concentrated on technological solutions for environmental sustainability. These solutions are often invisible for the user, not directly impacting people's everyday lives, making them hard to relate to. When technology is presented as the major solution, the need for behaviour change is under-communicated and may seem less important, leading people to continue their usual practices, assuming technology will compensate for emissions. Research based on the data from the Living Labs shows the need for a closer link between social sustainability and technological innovation. Bridging the gap between the social and technical context has been proven difficult within the frame of FME ZEN. The nature of the FME scheme under which ZEN was filed is, by description, not a social science-related program. Initially, this topic was not given much emphasis. In retrospect, we can question whether the centre should have addressed the social aspects of sustainability to a greater degree in order to succeed with zero emission neighbourhoods.
Inclusivity of perspectives from all stakeholders can enhance the robustness of research, give an understanding of social structures and processes, as well as benefit planning with observations by people closest to the phenomena in question.publishedVersio
