SINTEF Open
Not a member yet
11374 research outputs found
Sort by
TimeStruct.jl – flexible multi-horizon time modelling in optimization models
Full text linkTimeStruct.jl is a Julia (Bezanson et al., 2017) package that provides an interface for abstracting time structures, primarily intended for use with the mathematical programming DSL JuMP.jl (Lubin et al., 2023). TimeStruct.jl simplifies the writing of key equations in optimization problems through separation of the indexing sets and the equations. Consequently, equations unaffected by the the chosen time structure, e.g., simple deterministic operational or stochastic programming models, need not be adjusted when changing the time structures. Hence, it simplifies both model development and subsequent switching between different time structures. The package is already used in several optimization packages developed at SINTEF, e.g., EnergyModelsX, ZeroKyst, and MaritimeNH3.publishedVersio
Metode for beregning av samfunns-økonomisk verdi av flomdemping fra vannkraftregulering : sluttrapport fra prosjekt SamVann
Full text linkpublishedVersio
Greenhouse gas emissions of buildings designed for disassembly across multiple life cycles
Full text linkPlanning and building for future disassembly and the reuse of materials have been identified as promising design strategies for the implementation of circular economy principles in the construction sector. These strategies are expected to contribute to reducing material related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet, the potential of circularity strategies to lower GHG emissions should be further explored in regional case studies.
Several life cycle assessment frameworks enable calculating material related GHG emissions arising from circular strategies. This study conducts a scenario analysis of an office building to test two calculation frameworks, FutureBuilt ZERO and the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF), with special focus on concrete and steel, as they account for a large share in global emissions caused by the construction industry. The CFF considers market mechanisms such as demand and supply of high-quality recycled materials, while FutureBuilt ZERO employs a dynamic approach to evaluate future emissions.
The results differ by up to 230% depending on the framework and assumptions. Most of the results favor the reuse of secondary materials, i.e., downstream reuse, over the design of buildings for future disassembly, i.e., upstream reuse. Design for disassembly principles are preferred when market mechanisms are considered, and the supply of high-quality secondary material is lower than the demand. The magnitude of the results is correlated with assumptions about future technological improvements in material production.
In policy making, market mechanisms and production efficiency pathways should be included in circularity assessments to best depict and understand the GHG emissions reduction potentials at play.publishedVersio
The Langmuir Probe Instrument on Board the Rashid-1 Rover of the Emirates Lunar Mission
Full text linkThe Rashid-1 rover, which was part of the Emirates Lunar Mission (ELM) program, was a small rover aimed to be operated for one lunar day on the lunar surface. As part of its scientific instrumentation, Rashid-1 carried a Langmuir probe experiment (LNG) in order to provide the first extensive, high-resolution in situ measurements of the bulk parameters of the lunar dayside thermal plasma at different altitudes above the lunar surface. The LNG was comprised of four probes, mounted at different locations and heights above the lunar surface on the Rashid-1 rover. This way, the LNG was intended to derive an altitude profile of the two plasma parameters electron density and electron temperature above the lunar surface. The design of the instrument and a description of the data analysis technique, calibration, and validation are provided in this paper. Due to the short separation between the probes and the rover body (in terms of Debye length), the measurements of the LNG were expected to be influenced by the presence of the rover and its sheath. This was addressed through numerical modeling, which is described and preliminary results are presented. Unfortunately, the landing in the Atlas crater of the lunar lander carrying Rashid-1 to the surface was not successful – however, this description of the instrument design and the data analysis techniques are still useful for future explorations of the lunar plasma environment.publishedVersio
Space-Charge Effects on Streamer Propagation and Acceleration Voltage in Transformer Insulating Liquids
Full text linkVoltage-time (V-t) curves for breakdown are important in insulation coordination for design of transformers. The time to breakdown for a liquid insulated gap is determined by the velocity of a breakdown streamer and the distance it must propagate to short circuit the insulation. Streamer velocities vary with applied voltage, and for commercial insulation liquids the voltage at which the streamer accelerate to very high velocities vary a lot. The processes behind this acceleration are not yet determined. It seems clear that streamer propagation is governed by the high field within the liquid phase in front of the propagating plasma channel. In the context of new results on measured space charge limited currents for several liquids, this paper will discuss how the electric field in front of a streamer may be limited by space charges, suppressing the possibility of the field to increase to a level where propagation will accelerate. Lack of space-charge limiting the field in front of the streamer may explain the early acceleration voltage that esters show compared to mineral oils.Space-Charge Effects on Streamer Propagation and Acceleration Voltage in Transformer Insulating LiquidsacceptedVersio
Grid tariff design and peak demand shaving: A comparative tariff analysis with simulated demand response
Full text linkThe electrification of the energy system requires significant grid expansion, raising the question of how to defer investments through efficient utilisation of the existing grid. Cost-reflective grid tariff designs that incentivise peak demand shaving are a possible solution. Hence, this paper compares the ability of five capacity-based and energy-based tariff designs to achieve peak demand shaving, and it provides policy recommendations on tariff choice, design options and demand response potential. The analysis is conducted on the basis of real electricity consumption data from 3608 customers in a Norwegian grid area with simulated demand response. A mathematical optimisation model that minimises customers' tariff costs calculates the response to the tariff's price signals. The results show that tariff performance depends on two design characteristics: whether the tariffs target individual or grid peaks and whether peak periods are determined ex-ante or ex-post. Further, we find that energy-based tariffs, such as time-of-use and critical peak pricing, achieve the highest peak demand reduction for load shaving, but may create new and possibly very high peaks if load shifting occurs. © 2024 The Authors Author keywords Implicit demand flexibility; Load shaving; Load shifting; Peak demand; Tariff designGrid tariff design and peak demand shaving: A comparative tariff analysis with simulated demand responsepublishedVersio
Main characteristics of selected polymer material streams, waste handling and recyclability scenarios in Norway
Full text linkThis report outlines the main characteristics of selected plastic material streams, serving as deliverable D3.1 for the Plasticene project. It focuses on the most common, high-volume plastic material streams used in five industry sectors in Norway: construction, Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE), automotive, aquaculture and fisheries, and packaging. The plastic material streams with the highest volume in Norway are EPS in the construction sector, PP in the EEE and automotive sectors, PE in the aquaculture and fisheries sector, and LDPE in the packaging sector. The properties of these selected materials are described, along with examples of their applications in each sector. Additionally, the current state of waste handling and recyclability of these material streams in Norway is discussed.publishedVersio
Research and innovation for a secure, resilient and sustainable electricity grid – FME SecurEL : position paper (CINELDI report 01:2025)
No full textpublishedVersio
INO OptiFLEX 22MW FWT - Definition and modelling of the INO OptiFLEX 22MW floating wind turbine - 2025:00067 A
No full textThis report presents the open INO OptiFLEX 22MW floating wind turbine design, used as a case study in the OptiFLEX project.INO OptiFLEX 22MW FWT - Definition and modelling of the INO OptiFLEX 22MW floating wind turbine - 2025:00067 ApublishedVersio