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The effects of Chinese population policy on the labor market
Get PDFFaced with high levels of poverty, China introduced its "one-child policy" in 1980 and began economic and systemic reforms that led to the country's strong economic development. Thanks to the improvement in the average standard of living, certain socioeconomic aspects related to women's employment, the pursuit of higher education, delays in childbirth, and the number of children have changed. These changes have not only reduced the number of children being born and led to population aging, but have also affected the labour market. The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of Chinese population policy on selected labour market indicators: labour force by age and sex in rural/urban areas, the labour force participation rate, and the unemployment rate. Research results from 2010 to 2020 show the growth of the labour force, while the unemployment rate has been growing since 2018. It is noticeable that the number of workers in the labour force is growing in cities, while it is declining in rural areas. On the other hand, the unemployment rate is lower in rural areas, while the growth of unemployment is evident in urban areas. The research shows that the long-term implementation of this population policy has resulted in a larger number of men, leading to greater participation of men in the labour force. Despite measures to improve the position of women at work, women's social security is still not guaranteed, and it is more difficult for women to decide to expand their families. As China has ambitious plans for economic development, defining adequate population and social policies is crucial for their implementation
Nekovid pacijenti u pandemiji.Kvalitativno istraživanje dostupnosti zdravstvene zaštite za pacijente sa nezaraznim hroničnim oboljenjima u Republici Srbiji
Get PDFU članku razmatramo problem na preseku sociologije, antropologije, prava
i multidisciplinarnog istraživanja javnog zdravlja – pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti nekovid
pacijenata koji boluju od hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti tokom pandemije kovid-19 u
Srbiji. Poseban naglasak stavljamo na rezultate kvalitativnog istraživanja sprovedenog
u Srbiji o percepcijama (dis)funkcionalnosti zdravstvenog sistema tokom pandemije.
Uzorak su činili ispitanici – predstavnici udruženja pacijenata sa hroničnim nezaraznim
bolestima. U radu se iznose zaključci teorijskog ali i praktičnog karaktera – kako eliminisati
prepreke za pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti, kako preduprediti nemogućnost pristupa
zdravstvenoj zaštiti u nekoj narednoj pandemiji, kako koristiti društveno-humanističke
nauke u predstojećim kriznim situacijama s medicinskom osnovom, a s primarnim ciljevima
umanjenja sindemijskog efekta i povećanja poštovanja prava pacijenata
Klimatske promene i poljoprivredna proizvodnja – pravni i strateški okvir
No full textKlimatske promene predstavljaju jedan od najvećih izazova sa kojima se svet suočava već nekoliko
decenija, a koji će u nared- nom periodu biti sve intenzivniji. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja je
sektor koji je direktno izložen uticaju klimatskih promena, ali ima i značajan doprinos njihovom
nastanku. Podaci istraživanja ukazuju na zabrinjavajuće negativne efekte klimatskih prome- na koji
se odražavaju na smanjenje poljoprivrednih prinosa,
čiji se veći intenzitet očekuje u narednim decenijama. Polaznu osnovu u radu predstavlja analiza
međunarodnih dokumena- ta u oblasti klimatskih promena u potrazi za odgovorom na pitanja da li je u
njima poljoprivredna proizvodnja prepoznata kao značajan faktor doprinosa klimatskim promenama,
sek- tor koji je znatno izložen uticaju klimatskih promena i koji je neophodno prilagoditi izmenama
klimatskih uslova. Deo rada je posvećen analizi regulisanja pitanja klimatskih promena u okviru
Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike Evropske unije. Na kraju je analizirano stanje u Republici
Srbiji. Jedno od pitanja
kome je posvećena posebna pažnja je da li su klimatske prome- ne prepoznate u propisima kojima je
regulisana poljoprivredna
proizvodnja u Republici Srbiji
Efekti tranzicije na životni standard i socijalnu nejednakost
No full textCilj ovog rada je da se utvrde efekti tranzicije na životni stan-
dard i socijalnu nejednakost u Poljskoj, Mađarskoj, Sloveniji i Rusiji. Radi
uspostavljanja tržišne privrede, ove zemlje su, krajem 1980-ih godina, započele
privredno-sistemske reforme. Cilj je bio uspostavljanje tržišne privrede, makro-
ekonomske stabilnosti i višeg životnog standarda jer je (izuzev u Sloveniji) BDP
po glavi stanovnika bio znatno niži u odnosu na prosek EU. S obzirom na različit
pristup u sprovođenju tranzicije, sve zemlje su u prvoj fazi (do sredine 1990-ih)
imale problem recesije i hiperinflacije, koji je uz neadekvatnu privatizaciju
uslovio pad životnog standarda (Slovenija i Rusija) i rast nejednakosti. Tek se
nakon uspostavljanja institucionalnih reformi i privlačenja SDI, u drugoj fazi
tranzicije (kraj 1990-ih) uspostavila makroekonomska stabilnost, što je doprinelo
rastu životnog standarda (osim Rusije) i smanjenju nejednakosti (osim Poljske)
Problems and perspectives of the European Green Deal with the focus on the SEE countries and Serbia
Get PDFGlobal climate challenges increasingly determine the prospects for world
economic development, which entails an increase in the importance of
thegreentransitionagendaintheactivitiesofinternationalorganisations
and national governments. An example of a developed and consistent
action programme at the national and supranational levels is the
European Green Deal (EGD). The EU member states adhere to an
ambitious strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve
climate neutrality, solving the problems of introducing eco-friendly
technologies (including alternative energy), energy efficiency, the
formation of a sustainable industry, and the transition to a circular
economy. The EU member states and candidate countries from
Southeastern Europe (SЕЕ) have to follow in the footsteps of the
European climate policy and implementthe developed plansto reduce
the anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The key hypothesis of
thisstudyisthatthestatesoftheregion,withrareexceptions,lagbehind
the average level of the EU in terms of the energy efficiency of their
economies,theprevalenceofenergy-savingtechnologies,andtheusage
of renewables. Despite the developed institutional framework, the
progressofthegreentransitioninSerbia is very limited:thedynamicsof
reducinggreenhousegasemissions(includingperGDP)isunsatisfactory,
and the emissions intensity and energy intensity levels remain among
the highest in the region. Using a comparative analysis method, we
examinedthestructureofelectricitygenerationandtheplacerenewable
sourcestake in thisstructure. We also analysed in detailthe differences
between the countries of the region in a number of indicators: energy
intensity level of primary energy, greenhouse gas emissions (including
perGDP), and the volume of carbon dioxide emissionsin relation to the
unit of electricity generated (emissions intensity). We conclude that
institutionalmaturity,thesufficiencyoffinancialsupportfortheprojects,
and the availability of economic incentives for green transition are the
determining factorsfor achieving the goals ofthe EGDin SEE
Građani Srbije i Evropska unija: Razlike na osnovu partijske identifikacije
No full textStavovi građana Srbije prema Evropskoj uniji (EU), kao i njihov odnos prema evropskim integracijama
Srbije, najkasnije se od 2001. godine redovno prate javnomnjenjskim ispitivanjima.
Ti podaci pokazuju značajne oscilacije u podršci za učlanjenje Srbije u EU: dok se 2001–2010.
godine ta podrška kretala od 60% do 70%, od 2010. godine i tokom narednih deset godina
se može uočiti opadajući trend. Podrška je u tom periodu pala i kretala se između 45% i 55%.
Dok se u ispitivanjima javnog mnjenja uglavnom prikazuje vrednost celokupne populacije,
u ovom radu će se posmatrati stavovi građana Srbije prema EU na osnovu njihove partijske
identifikacije. Nalazi pokazuju izrazitu podršku evropskim integracijama Srbije među građanima
koji su bliski liberalnim partijama, ali i proporcionalno nesrazmernu razočaranost
Evropskom unijom te grupe građana. Kod građana koji su bliski partijama desne orijentacije
postoji relativna konzistentnost kada je u pitanju protivljenje učlanjenju Srbije u EU i lični
negativni osećaj prema EU kao političkoj zajednici. Konačno, i to je najznačajniji nalaz, stavovi
građana koji su bliski vladajućim partijama ne ukazuju na posebnu preferencu kada je u
pitanju članstvo Srbije u EU, dok su prema samoj EU veoma indiferentni
Bezbednosi, tehnički i pravni aspekti ugradnje kabine i ramova na upotrebljavane traktore
No full textPrema zvaničnim podacima u Srbiji postoji veliki broj traktora, znatne starosne strukture, od
toga veći broj bez kabine ili zaštitnog rama. Taj podatak doprinosi značajnom porastu broja
nesreća sa povređenim i poginulim licima pri eksploataciji traktora u agrotehničkim
operacijama, uklјučujući i transport na javnim putevima. Pored opštih subjektivnih načela koja
se nalažu rukovaocima pri eksploataciji traktora, najznačajniji elementi koji utiču na
bezbednost pri rukovanju traktorom su kabina i zaštitni ram, s tim što kabina pored
bezbednosti, znatno utiče na komfor rukovaoca sa aspekta ergonomskih parametara (buke,
vibracija, mikroklime, dostupnosti i lakoći komanda, vidlјivosti, toplotnog zračenja,
temperature i drugim parametrima.)
Pored izvesnog pada u broju poginulih u udesima u kojima je učestvovao traktor, neophodno
je i dalјe sprovoditi bezbednosne akcije čije vlasnike Zakon o bezbednosti saobraćaja na
putevima na to obavezuje
The Western Balkans in а New Geopolitical Reality – A Privileged Partnership Instead of Full Membership?
Get PDFThe following paper represents the author’s attempt to shed some light
on the number of hypothetical alternatives regarding the seemingly stalled process
of the European integration of Western Balkan states in the new geopolitical reality
initiated firstly by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently deepened by the wars
in Ukraine and Gaza. Through qualitative content analysis as the primary research
tool, the authors have established that the explored “plan B“ options are still not
considered serious alternatives by mainstream politics in the EU and the negotiat-
ing countries, although some academic interest and sporadic political suggestions
regarding the topic can be noticed from time to time. The main challenge in the
European Union’s indecisiveness towards the region remains the dilemma of how
the Union should express its unwillingness to repeat previous mistakes and accept
unprepared Balkan newcomers while avoiding giving too much ground to their rival
regional competitors
Microfinance and sustainable development of MSMEs and entrepreneurs in Serbia
Get PDFThe focus of the study is the analysis of the potential benefits for the
growth and sustainable development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and
entrepreneurs that would arise from the improvement of the domestic financial system
through the introduction and representation of microfinance institutions. The study has been
conducted on a sample of 150 respondents from the banking and private sector. Data analysis
has been performed by a non-parametric method, the chi-square χ2 test of
independence. Statistical data processing is performed using the statistical software
package IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Results of the study indicate that the domestic financial system is
banking-centric, undeveloped, poor and does not encourage sustainable development and growth
of micro, small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs. Also, the research confirmed that the
introduction of microfinance institutions would contribute to the improvement of the domestic
financial system, the establishment of micro, small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs, as
well as their positive business performance
results and sustainable development