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Pravna priroda akata SZO sa posebnim osvrtom na Ugovor o pandemiji – pravno obavezujući ili soft law instrumenti?
Get PDFSvetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO), koja broji 194 člana – odnosno
sve države sveta, ima pred sobom važan zadatak od 2021. godine. To
je donošenje međunarodnog ugovora o prevenciji, spremnosti i odgovoru
na pandemiju ili, skraćeno, ugovora o pandemiji. S obzirom na to da SZO
kao međunarodna organizacija može da donosi određene akte, u ovom radu
želimo da prikažemo koja je pravna priroda tih akata i da li imaju pravno
obavezujući karakter. Koja je sankcija za nepridržavanje i za nepostupanje
po ovim instrumentima, da li snose pravne ili sankcije političke prirode? Sa
druge strane, mnogi ove instrumente svrstavaju u meko pravo, koje i dalje
ne važi za formalno pravno obavezujuće instrumente. Potrebno je utvrditi na
koji način bi došlo do donošenja ugovora o pandemiji, koju bi formu imao,
da bi se utvrdilo da li će biti pravno obavezujući. Sa druge strane, trebasagledati i to kakve efekte ima jedan takav međunarodni instrument koji se
donosi pod okriljem SZO, kao jedne od najvećih međunarodnih organizacija.
Sve i da nije pravno obavezujući, određene efekte mora imati na države
članice. Uostalom, donošenjem jednog soft law instrumenta može se utabati
teren ne samo za donošenje jednog novog međunarodnog ugovora, već i za
formiranje novog međunarodnog običajnog pravila, imajući u vidu shvatanja
da se praksa država može ispoljavati kroz akte međunarodnih organizacija,
kako praksa, tako i svest o pravnoj obaveznosti – što čini elemente jednog
običajnog pravil
Market Economy And Sustainable Development: Example Of Japan
No full textThe attitude of market economies towards environmental
protection is in line with the definition, goals and principles of
sustainable development prescribed by the United Nations.
Each country includes areas such as preserving peace, reducing economic inequalities and poverty, increasing innovation,
as well as reducing waste and the risk of climate change in its
green economy strategies. This should provide future generations with a healthier and better working and living environment. There is growing talk of a strong industrial policy, based
on the knowledge society, digitalization, competition and sustainable consumption with the intention of reducing industrial
pollution and industrial waste management. The country that
has consistently worked on respecting green goals and principles is Japan. The most striking example of aligning the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 (SGS) with a
company’s sustainable development goals is Toyota. This company sees sustainable development as a part of its mission, in
the development and production of cars, but also as a model
of global, market and social sustainabilit
Strengthening Digital Sustainability Communication in Tourism and Culture Between US and Serbia Through International Cooperation
No full textThis paper delves into the pervasive issue of algorithmic bias within Artificial Intelligence
(AI) applications, particularly as it pertains to the dynamic field of accessible smart tourism. With the
tourism industry increasingly incorporating AI technologies into its operations, there has been a
notable enhancement in ehiciency and ehectiveness. However, this surge in AI adoption has also
brought to the forefront the challenge of bias, which poses significant hurdles for both tourists and
tourism providers.
To dissect this complex problem, the presentation utilizes illustrative scenarios to shed light on
various instances of AI bias within the tourism and hospitality sector. Additionally, it introduces a
framework designed to assess the global implications of bias within the realms of smart tourism for
sustainable development.
The presentation underscores the potential ramifications of bias on tourist experiences across
diherent phases: pre-travel, during travel/on-site, and post-travel, while considering viewpoints from
both tourists and providers. It emphasizes that many biases originate from the utilization of AI within
online platforms, thereby impacting tourists' information retrieval, decision-making processes, and
the marketing strategies employed by tourism providers. Furthermore, it delves into the broader
ehects of AI on tourist experiences, outlining the social implications, managerial considerations, and
technological implications.
This presentation represents a pioneering ehort in addressing the issue of AI bias within the context
of smart tourism. Moreover, it lays out pathways for future research, spanning topics such as
technology adoption and consumer behavior, the economic repercussions for tourism providers,
sustainable development and the regulatory landscape
Dinamička panel analiza uticaja stope poreza na dobit na nivo stranih direktnih investicija u jugoistočnim evropskim zemljama
No full textU nekoliko istraživanja uticaja nivoa
stope poreza na dobit na nivo stranih direktnih
investicija (SDI) u zemljama Jugoistočne Evrope
u prvim decenijama 21. veka pokazani su teoretski
neočekivani pozitivni statistički značajni efekti.
Svrha ovog istraživanja je provera tih nalaza na
uzorku od 9 zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope u periodu
između 2008. i 2021. godine. U istraživanju
je korišćen dinamički model panel podataka i
GMM metod ocenjivanja prvih diferenci. Uz
stopu poreza na dobit u modelu je obuhvaćen
veći broj eksplanatornih varijabli, dok je kao
zavisna varijabla analiziran unutrašnji stok SDI.
Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na pozitivan statistički
značajan uticaj nivoa stope poreza na dobit na
nivo SDI. Kao varijable koje takođe statistički
značajno i pozitivno utiču na unutrašnji stok
SDI ističu se i unutrašnji stok SDI iz prethodne
godine, nivo subvencija i drugih transfera, kao
i prosečan broj godina školovanja. Takođe se
uočava značajan uticaj vremenskih veštačkih
varijabli u većem broju godina. Dobijeni nalazi,
iako u velikoj meri potvrđuju prethodna istraživanja
sa sličnim uzorcima, pozivaju na dodatne
analize
Правни положај берзи племенитих метала у упоредном законодавству
Get PDFУ годинама економских и геополитичких криза и глобалне инфла-
ције приметан је тренд пораста потражње за племенитим металима
који имају све запаженију улогу као инструмент диверзификације ин-
вестиционог портфеља и као средство обезбеђења. Стога је полазна
основа предметног истраживања анализа правног режима организовања
и пословања берзи племенитих метала у упоредном законодавству.
Применом компаративног и нормативног метода, у раду ће се критич-
ки сагледати основна правна обележја берзи племенитих метала, прав-
ни положај и организација најзначајнијих берзи племенитих метала у
свету, њихова правила пословања, као и надлежности органа у чијем
је делокругу послова обављање надзора над трговином племенитих ме-
тала. Дакле, циљ предметног истраживања је разматрање значаја
организовања и пословања берзи племенитих метала узимајући у обзир да несавесно, непоштено и нетранспарентно пословање на тржишту
племенитих метала може изазвати негативне последице како по уче-
снике на тржишту, тако и по привреду и друштво у целини у случају
значајнијих тржишних поремећај
Religion And Religious Education In Serbia In The Xxi Century – From Formal To Informal And Vice Versa
No full textlChristianity represents a two-millennia old heritage which in its long
period of origin and development often determined social (educational, cultural, but also
political) and personal (people’s activities, perceptions, level oconsumption) aspects olie. For
centuries in Serbia, through tradition and experience, knowledge, belies and rituals have been ac-
quired and transmitted by the Church as an institution. However, reli- gious teachings and rituals
were also passed on byamilies, observing Orthodox Christian holidays and practicing customs in
their households. In Serbia, therst schools wereounded in monasteries, and one o those schools
was attended by theamous educators Dositej Obradović and Vuk SteanovićKaradžić, who would become
the main reormers oculture and education and who contributed to the development o literacy, as
well as to the general enlightenment in Serbia. In addition, therst copies obooks were made in
these very same monasteries, and they today represent valuable testimonies omedieval culture in
this region. From the 19th century until the Second World War, religious education had been
compulsory in schools, ater which it was abolished and atheism was advocated as a substituteor
religion, although the Yugoslav liberal version osocialism was not as rigid towards religion, as
some other communist regimes. However, religious education was not taught in Serbiaor many years,
until the renewed wave ore-tra- ditionalization oSerbian society at the beginning othe 21st
century, returned religious education courses into the system o ormal educa- tion, i.e. into
schools. Thereore, today it is possible to acquire general
ormal religious education through primary and secondary schooling, but
also to acquire proessional knowledge through specialized educational
institutions, such as,or example, The Orthodox Faculty oTheology. The
same applies to other traditional religious communities in Serbia (Catho- lic, Protestant, Islamic
and Jewish), as they are able to implement their own religious education programs without hindrance
in Serbia. However, the accelerated technological development and many social changes brought into
question the currentness of the religious teaching in its existingorm, but also opened up
theollowing question: “Is it possible to acquire religious education through other social
disciplines?”, that is, the issue of modernization of religious education and its adaptation to
the spirit otime, which will be the topic oour scientic work
Јужно кинеско море као замрзнути конфликт у Индо-Пацифику
No full textТериторијални спорови у Индо-Пацифику представљају
изазове за међудржавне односе, како држава региона,
тако и САД. Иако нису део индо-пацифичког региона,
импозантна је улога САД које често утичу на динамику
спорова и односе међу државама. Предмет истраживања
рада је анализа територијалних и поморских спорова у
Јужном кинеском мору. Циљ истраживања је анализа
геостратешког, трговинског и економског потенцијала
Јужног кинеског мора, али и истицање опасности од
замрзнутог конфликта који постоји у Индо-Пацифику.
Основно истраживачко питање на које овај рад покушава
да понуди одговор гласи: Због чега је значајно Јужно
кинеско море и да ли сукоби у њему прете да свет уведу
у нову неизвесну кризу? Закључује се да је проблем
територијалних спорова у Јужном кинеском мору
не само регионални већ par excellence међународни
проблем који представља изазов и опасност по светски
поредак и глобалну безбедност. Теоријски оквир који
је коришћен у истраживању се заснива на анализи
маритимне геополитике и односе моћи држава кроз
призму Маханове геополитичке теорије поморске моћи.У раду се користи контекстуални приступ, историјско-компаративна метода и метода анализе садржаја
докумената
Nesting Paternalism. Patterns of the Paternalistic Behaviour from Neolithization and the Modern Age
Get PDFPaternalism can appear with other forms of social actions toward others and ourselves, a set of activities we comprehend as a part of paternalistic behaviour. We question the hypothesis that some social groups value benefits provided by leading authorities more than their autonomy. Resulting historical and sociological findings are supposed to inform the philosophical discussion on paternalism by broadening the topic’s scope.
Firstly, we compared archaeological remains from the Early Neolithic (9700-6250 years B.C.), characterized by the appearance of prominent leaders with qualities of modern paternalistic leadership. They both indicate behaviour accompanied by a family atmosphere in the workplace. Our second data set was obtained through sociological research conducted from the Enquete on the Serbian national sample.
A diachronic perspective revealed similar relations between leaders and subordinates. Certain groups with narrowed decision-making autonomy begin to think paternalistically, even though there is a fine line between paternalism, protectionism, and authoritarianism. The main differences between paternalism and other related concepts (authoritarianism, protectionism, collectivism) are the grade and type of subjects’ consent about the action for their good. Stronger collectivistic and authoritarian attitudes enable nesting paternalism, i.e., gradual acceptance of the paternalistic culture. In this process, an individual sacrifices autonomy for social benefits and integration into the cultural milieu. Nesting paternalism parallels the “nesting dolls.” It denotes collateral patronizing behaviors enclosed in another, such as paternalism, protectionism, and authoritarianism. One of the main derivates of such paternalism is anti-paternalism, which consists of patronizing acts to prevent paternalism
Ecological-enactive account of autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a psychopathological condition characterized by
persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive
patterns of behavior and interests. To build an ecological-enactive account of autism, I
propose we should endorse the affordance-based approach of the skilled intentionality
framework (SIF). In SIF, embodied cognition is understood as skilled engagement
with affordances in the sociomaterial environment of the ecological niche by which an
individual tends toward the optimal grip. The human econiche offers awhole landscape
of affordances, and situated individuals respond to a field of relevant affordances.
An important part of SIF is an ecological-enactive interpretation of the free energy
principle and predictive processing. Predictive processing accounts indicate that in
ASD too much precision is assigned to prediction errors. Autistic persons depend
heavily on current sensory information and less on prior beliefs and cannot attune to
stable regularities. To reduce uncertainty, they over-rely on routines, strict habits, and
a familiar environment—a predictable ecological niche they construct. I argue that
skilled intentionality gives us the framework from which to analyze the autistic field
of affordances. Autistic patterns of affordance-related bodily states of action readiness
are only sensitive to very specific solicitations in the environment and achieve optimal
grip in well-known situations. Autism is to be understood as a disorder of bodily
normativity. Taking this approach helps us figure out what neurotypical people can
do to attune their environment in order to scaffold the needs of autistic individuals by
redesigning the landscape of affordances
Homo experimentalis. Geografija socioloških eseja.
Get PDFU knjizi Veselina Mitrovića, višeg naučnog saradnika IDN-a, Homo experimentalis — geografija socioloških eseja, analiziraju se eseji, eksperimenti i klasični sociološki radovi upotrebom metodologije sociološkog dnevnika, kritike istoricizma i prezentizma i društvenih i bioetičkih ogleda o odnosu istraživača i ispitanika.
Knjigu čine tri celine, „Istraživač i okolina“, „Istraživačeva mašta“ i „Istraživač i ispitanik“; svojom strukturom oni opravdavaju podnaslov knjige i čine kroki jednog sociološkog istraživanja.
U ovoj studiji ekperimentator je često i predmet istraživanja, a samo istraživanje predstavlja interakciju između okoline, njenih gotovo nevidljivih predela, (sociološke) mašte i ispitanika