Institute of Social Sciences
IRISS Repository of Institute of Social Sciences (Belgrade)Not a member yet
2648 research outputs found
Sort by
Legal Impact of the New Models of Doing Business Like Uber, Airbnb and Blockchain on Green Economy
No full textExploring the linkage between the green economy and new
models of doing business like Uber, Airbnb and Blockchain
is challenging, particularly having in mind the necessity for a
deeper technology integration with an impact on achieving
sustainable development goals. However, the authors argue
the linkage between the green economy and these new models
of doing business, considering their revolutionariness in
terms of business decision-making and resource management
.A basic impact and, therefore, a connection between these
models of doing business and the green economy is in the
consumption, as a consequence of optimal choices and coordination
of consumers with the suppliers, as well as collaborative
sharing economy.
Authors, firstly, analyse the legal status of the aforemen-
tioned models of doing business and, subsequently, their
impact on the green economy. The authors concluded that
decentralized process of decision-making, which is enabled
through access to Internet (digital) platforms and resolved
asymmetry of information, is a crucial factors in determining
the new models of doing business in terms of the green economy
transition
AKTUELNOSTI VEŠTAČENJA LEKARSKIH GREŠAKA U MEDICINI RADA
Get PDFSporovi vezani za postupanje lekara medicine rada izdvojili su se u
pravnoj literaturi i postali su predmet jednog dela sudske prakse i
njenih komentara. Sve slučajeve karakteriše određena medicinska
pozadina i pravno poimanje odnosa lekara i zaposlenog koji se ispituje
i koji nema uobičajeni položaj pacijenta. Naime, većinom se razmatraju
situacije lekarskih pregleda kod zapošljavanja, periodičnih pregleda i
ciljanih pregleda. Često su to pregledi po nalogu poslodavaca ili
osiguravajućeg društva. Na primer, lekari medicine rada mogu obavljati
fizičke preglede pre zapošljavanja ili se od njih može tražiti da procene
stepen invaliditeta koji je pretrpeo oštećeni zaposleni u svrhu određenja
naknade za rad. Sudovi su odlučivali o prirodi odnosa povodom takvih
pregleda u okviru prakse medicine rada, gde opšte dužnosti proizilaze
iz odnosa lekar-pacijent koji je sporazumni, odnosno i lekar i pacijent
treba da imaju nameru da uspostave odnos. Neke od najčešće analizi -
ranih presuda činjenično mogu biti drugačije, ali svakako pretpostavljaju
lekarevo stručno i pažljivo postupanje. Cilj bližeg razmatranja preduzetih
lekarskih postupaka, u smislu dužnog postupanja i zakonite prakse,
jeste da se rasvetle sporne situacije u smislu odgovarajuće pravne zaštite,
kako onog ko medicinski odgovorno postupa, tako i onog prema
kome se postupa
Trends in the youth transitions to the labour market in Serbia
No full textIn recent decades, the transformation from industrial to post-industrial societies has inevitably influenced the patterns of transition for young individuals entering the labor market. These transition patterns reflect continuity and changes in the social division of labor, thus representing a crucial process in shaping the social stratification of modern societies. The focus of this study is the analysis of changes in the average age of entry into the labor market in Serbia from the second half of the twentieth century to the present. The aim is to shed light on three questions: 1) how the average age of entry into the workforce has changed during this period, 2) what differences in the transition patterns have been observed between men and women, and 3) what differences in transition patterns have been observed between urban and rural populations. The emphasis is on recognizing basic trends in the transition to the labor market for the cohorts born from 1930 to 1995.
Considering the rapid changes that Serbian society has undergone during this period, we will attempt to determine their impact on the basic patterns of integration into the labor market. Ideally, we would like to be able to map all the aspects of the professional transition of specific cohorts through the changing institutional structure. However, since this is not feasible, this paper specifically focuses on the following aspects of the transition process: (a) timing of events, i.e., the average age of entry into the labor market, and (b) variability in age, i.e., the level at which transitions occur at specific ages.
The analysis is based on the data from the European Social Survey in 2018, with its sample of 1265 respondents in Serbia. Survival analysis is applied to illustrate changes over time in the studied life event, along with Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates for comparisons across gender/locality. When considering the aspects of timing of events and variability in age, the results indicate a delay in professional transitions during the study period, but not necessarily their destandardization. Additionally, life trajectories of men and women had become increasingly similar by the collapse of socialism and the rise of social inequalities, when this trend was halted. On the other hand, transition patterns between individuals from rural and urban areas are becoming more similar. Taking into account the intense societal changes during the analyzed period, the transformations observed in professional transitions may be a consequence of these specific social changes
Legal Insights into Environmental Sustainability
Get PDFHumankind has been grappling with profound technological,
societal, demographic, and climate changes, endeavoring to
reshape the very concepts and ways of work and living. Understanding
the paradigms of social and environmental justice in a
transformed world of business and work requires a deeper examination
of notions such as environmentalization, datafication, and
platformization. The concepts of social and environmental justice
need to be unified and considered together, acknowledging that
the social environment is responsible for ecological, social, and economic
crises and should be analyzed as a cross-cutting issue across
traditional legal disciplines
The Role of Social Dialogue and Tripartism in Just Transition Policy – Exploring the Nexus Between Labour and Environmental Law
No full textClimate change adaptation and mitigation policies have a profound
impact on economic and labour market activities and
vice versa. On the international level, a consensus regarding
the transition to an ecologically sustainable economy has been
reached, and it will undoubtedly cause significant changes in
the world of work. According to the prevailing view, approaching
the employment dimensions of climate actions and the
creation of green jobs presupposes the integration of socalled
Just Transition principle into both, national labour and
environmental legislations and policies. Social dialogue has
been seen as an appropriate instrument that could represent
a linkage between environmental and labour law. Therefore,
the paper primarily deals with the theoretical and conceptual
basis of the just transition principle as a valuable ground to
ensure the low-carbon transition and fulfilment of equity and
inclusiveness goals that ensure decent work conditions. Furthermore,
the role of social dialogue and tripartism in driving
the just transition towards a low-carbon and resource-efficient
economy needs to be considered broadly in regard to the
recently promoted concept of tripartism plus social dialogue
mechanisms. The authors point out the tripartism plus concept
as an appropriate policy and legal ground for arguing the
necessary bond between environmental and labour law, particularly,
by highlighting the role of civil society groups in just
transition policies
Nove tehnologije kao alatka za prevazilaženje iznenadne društvene krize: Dostupnost zdravstvene zaštite nekovid pacijenata u doba KOVID-19 pandemije.
No full textThe Importance of Quality in the Development of Rural Tourism in Arandjelovac
No full textThis paper explores the importance of quality in improving rural tourism, focusing
on the municipality of Arandjelovac as an example. It examines how the
quality of accommodation, services, offers, and the environment contributes to
the development of the tourist attraction of the rural areas of the municipality of
Arandjelovac. Through the SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and dangers that affect the quality of the tourist offer in rural communities
are listed. This paper also explores the possibilities of improving the quality
of services through educating the local population, promoting sustainable tourism,
as well as investing in infrastructure and diversifying the tourist offer. The
goal is to understand how quality can be a factor in improving rural tourism at
the local level, using the municipality of Arandjelovac as a case study
Пракса Европског суда за људска права о питањима животне средине и здравља
No full textPravna razmatranja zaštite životne sredine i sa tim povezanih uticaja
na ljudsko zdravlje obeležavaju širok spektar različitih pojmova, razvoj novih
instituta i nove prakse. Takva ocena se može dati i u pogledu tumačenja
odredaba Evropske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda.
Iako Konvencija ne predviđa pravo na zdravu životnu sredinu kao takvo,
Evropski sud za ljudska prava pozvan je da odlučuje o tome da li su određena
prava iz Konvencije ugrožena postojanjem štete za životnu sredinu i
izloženosti stanovništva ekološkim rizicima. Obuhvata se oblast regulisanja
koja ima za cilj zaštitu i razvoj životne sredine i njenih delova, kao i zaštitu
javnog zdravlja od štete, rizika i smetnji koje proizilaze iz životne sredine
i čovekove interakcije sa životnom sredinom. Analize pojedinih predmeta
Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u ovoj materiji govore o brojnim štetnim
uticajima na zdravlje kao što su: opasne industrijske aktivnosti, odlaganjedelatnosti, antene za mobilne telefone, zagađenje bukom, emisije iz dizel
vozila, zagađenje zemlje i vode, urbani razvoj, sakupljanje, upravljanje, tretman
i odlaganje otpada. Neke od presuda ukazuju na preovlađujuće stavove
u zavisnosti od konkretnog slučaja, vrste i ozbiljnosti štete. Jedan od primera
je novija presuda po predstavci Cannavacciuolo and Others v. Italy
(2025). Grupa građana i pet organizacija iz Kampanije (Campаnia) u Italiji
podneli su žalbe u vezi sa zagađenjem životne sredine, posebno u regionu
Ognjena zemlja (Terra dei Fuochi) koji uključuje delove provincija Kazerta
(Caserta trans) i Napulj. Ovo područje, gde živi oko 2,9 miliona ljudi,
ima problem ilegalnog odlaganja, spaljivanja i zakopavanja opasnog otpada,
koje često organizuju kriminalne grupe. Toksični otpad se godinama odlaže,
zakopava i spaljuje. To je dovelo do značajne štete po životnu sredinu,
uključujući povećanu stopu oboljevanja od raka i kontaminirane podzemne
vode. Prema odluci Suda, Italija je obavezana da u roku od dve godine
sprovede korektivnu strategiju, odnosno da uvede „opšte mere koje će na
adekvatan način rešiti problem zagađenja“. Drugi primer je presuda koja je
privukla medijsku i stručnu pažnju budući da se po prvi put ticala klimatskih
promena. Radi se o predstavci Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz and
Others v. Switzerland (2024). Veliko veće Suda presudilo je da Švajcarska
krši ljudska prava starijih žena jer država ne preduzima potrebne korake
u borbi protiv globalnog zagrevanja. Naime, Sud je utvrdio povredu čl. 8.
Konvencije koja predviđa pravo na privatni i porodični život. Sud je takođe
utvrdio da udruženje, koje predstavlja preko 2.500 žena starosti od 64 i višegodina, ima status žrtve. U dugogodišnjoj praksi Suda u Strazburu značajno
je pomenuti i jednu od starijih presuda Florea v. Romania (2003) koja je
povezana sa pitanjima zdravlja i dostojanstvenog tretmana osoba koje su
na izdržavanju zatvorske kazne. Po mišljenju suda njihov boravak u lošim
uslovima lišava ih prava koja im prema Konvenciji pripadaju, zbog čega se
u sistemu kažnjavanja zahteva veći stepen zaštite ugroženih pojedinaca
Da li se trend relativnog ekonomskog opadanja EU može zaustaviti?
Get PDFKoristeći bazu podataka MMF, izračunali smo prosečne diskretne stope rasta BDP-a EU
počevši od formalnog osnivanja unije 1993. Na osnovu iste baze podataka došli smo i do
dinamike relativnog udela EU u globalnom BDP-u. Iste pokazatelje izračunali smo i za
preostale dve najveće svetske ekonomije: američku i kinesku. Potom smo uradili projekcije
budućeg kretanja BDP-a EU, baznog koji je prognoza MMF-a, kao i poželjnog koji je dat u
studiji Budućnost evropske kompetitivnosti Marija Dragija. Pošli smo od pretpostavke o
ubrzanju rasta BDP-a EU na 2,5% prosečno godišnje, te projekcije MMF-a od dinamici BDPa
SAD i Kine ‘produžili’ i na period 2029-2038., zadržavajući prognoziranu (nominalnu i
realnu) stopu rasta za obe ekonomije iz poslednje godine pomenute projekcije. Pod tim
uslovima, EU bi preokrenula trend opadanja svog udela u američkom BDP-u, dok bi se
opadanje učešće evropskog BDP-a u kineskom i globalnom BDP-u usporilo
Institutions and good governance as a factor of migration in Europe
Get PDFThe research objective is to determine the relative importance
of two groups of factors that influence the net migration rate: economic, such as the gross average monthly wages, and non-economic, which include the efficiency of institutional arrangements based primarily on the corruption
control and the rule of law indicators. According to the
neoclassical theory of migration, economic factors have a dominant influence on the migration decision-making process. On the other hand, the institutional theory of migration advocates the position that institutional and the
factors that reflect system of governance prevail over the economic ones. The assumption on which the research is
based is that migration is caused to a greater extent by
the quality of institutions and good governance indicators,
than by the opportunities to achieve a better material position
represented by higher average salary. On a sample of 48 European countries, for the period 1996–2021, it is investigated which group of factors dominantly determines
the net migration rate. The sample of 48 countries is
divided into two sub-samples so that one of them contains the countries with a higher level of income and strong
anti-corruption and rule of law standards (28 European Union countries) and the remaining 20 include non-European
Union members with lower gross average monthly
wages, weak institutions, as well as less favourable indicators
of the rule of law and control of corruption. Using
the techniques of dynamic econometric analysis of panel data (system GMM), predictors of the net migration rate
in European countries are identified. The analysis confirms that the quality of the institutional framework is extremely important and that the rule of law and corruption control
has a stronger impact on the net migration in European countries than the gross wages. This is supported by the
evaluated parameters corresponding to the explanatory variables in the models. The research also confirms that institutional factors have a stronger impact on the net migration rate in less developed European countries that are not members of the European Union than in the 28
European Union countries. Corruption is an important problem in many countries and citizens are very sensitive to this aspect of institutional quality. The findings of this research show that less developed European countries must pay special attention to building institutions, the rule of law and control of corruption if they want to stop negative trends in net migration, and that
these factors prevail over the economic factors that were dominant in the 20th century.
Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi relativan značaj dve grupe faktora koje determinišu stopu neto
migracija: ekonomskih, kao što je visina bruto prosečne mesečne zarade i neekonomskih, koji
obuhvataju kvalitet institucionalnog uređenja oslonjen prevashodno na indikatore kontrole korupcije
i vladavine prava. Prema neoklasičnoj teoriji migracija ekonomski faktori imaju dominantan
uticaj na donošenje odluke o migracijama. Institucionalna teorija migracija zagovara stav da
institucionalni i upravljački faktori imaju prevagu nad ekonomskim. Na uzorku od 48 evropskih
zemalja, za period 1996 – 2021. godine primenom tehnika dinamičke ekonometrijske analize panel
podataka (system GMM) identifikovani su prediktori stope neto migracija u evropskim zemljama.
Analiza je potvrdila da je kvalitet institucionalnog okvira od izuzetne važnosti i da su vladavina
prava i kontrola korupcije imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u zemljama Evrope od bruto
prosečnih mesečnih zarada. Istraživanjem je takođe potvrđeno i to da su institucionalni faktori
imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u manje razvijenim evropskim zemljama koje nisu članice
Evropske unije nego u 28 zemalja članica. Manje razvijene evropske zemlje moraju posebnu pažnju
posvetiti izgradnji institucija, vladavini prava i kontroli korupcije ukoliko žele da zaustave
negativne trendove u neto migracijama, te da ovi faktori imaju prevagu u odnosu na ekonomske
koji su bili dominantni u XX veku