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Generalized Trust as a Protective Factor for Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from the European Social Survey
No full textAlthough the determinants of depressive symptoms have been extensively studied across various groups, generalized trust has largely been neglected in this context, particularly in nationally representative samples. Previous research has shown that many forms of social capital – such as personal relationships, social support, and community engagement – can act as protective factors against the development of depression. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that this dimension of social capital would also be positively associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. We analyzed nationally representative data from 24 European countries, collected as part of the eleventh round of the European Social Survey in 2023 and 2024, which included a total of 40,156 respondents. Depressive symptoms were measured using the CES-D 8 scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 24, where higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. Generalized trust was assessed using the 11-point Social Trust Scale of the European Social Survey, consisting of three items. Additionally, 13 control variables identified as potentially relevant according to previous research were included in the regression model: gender, age, education, household income, social connections, subjective health, exposure to financial difficulties during childhood, exposure to household conflict during childhood, being discriminated, being unemployed, being divorced, being widowed, and average satisfaction with the economy in the country. The results of the two-level HLM analysis reveal a significant negative association between generalized trust and depressive symptoms (b = -.200, SE = .011, p < .001), confirming our hypothesis. Specifically, for each one-unit increase in generalized trust, the expected value of depressive symptoms decreases by 0.2 units. Finally, the low intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = .022) indicates that most of the variation in depressive symptoms is attributable to differences within countries, rather than between them. Our analysis supports previous findings regarding the protective role of social capital against the development of depression, which is particularly important given the scale of its global rise in recent times
Regulating modern innominate contracts – how, why and when
No full textA great number of contracts is being conducted on a daily basis in modern time, most
of which implicitly and often without the knowledge of contracting parties that they are, in fact,
entering into a contract. With the development of technology, the whole process of conducting
contracts has changed and law has the duty to follow these changes in order to protect people
from any form of misuse.
The main problem exists when conducting contracts via the internet, as these are mostly
innominate contracts, and contracting parties more often than not have insufficient legal
knowledge.
Since these contracts are not specifically regulated by law, when there is any
miscommunication between parties, they cannot be sure how the courts will interpret their
contract and which norms will be applied. I have been researching this topic and am very
interested in it so I’d like to present what I find to be the problem and the possible solution to
it.
I have identified a few contract types that will be discussed in the presentation. In this
regard, I will talk about sponsorship agreement, influencer and brand ambassador contracts
and more. I will briefly outline their basic characteristics, such as the contracting parties, main
obligations and rights arising from the contracts, breach of contract and more.
The purpose of a sponsorship agreement, on the one hand, is the transfer of image
achieved through the association and linkage of the sponsor with the sponsored party. This can
be accomplished through active promotion by the sponsored party (such as attending events,
highlighting the business name, etc.) or passively, through the actions of the sponsor (such as
using the sponsor's likeness, personal name, etc.). From the perspective of the sponsored party,
the purpose lies in the financial benefit obtained, which is primarily used to further their
activities (e.g., achieving success in tournaments).
An influencer agreement is entered into by an influencer (an influential individual) with
another party for the purpose of image transfer.
A brand ambassador agreement is a contract wherein one party (the brand ambassador)
undertakes to perform communication acts for the purpose of promoting the business name(brand), products, and services of another party (the sponsor). These communication acts may
include creating and sharing content, attending marketing activities and events with the
contracting party, granting rights to use the personal name, image, and other personal rights
for promotional purposes, and other related activities. In return, the other party is obligated to
compensate the brand ambassador and/or provide certain services.
At the core of all these contracts is the transfer of image, a legal-economic term, which
I will further explain during the presentation. Some authors theorize that the causa of these
contracts lies in the image transfer. This adds to the difficulty of discussing their legal nature,
particularly in a domain of the contractual liability of the parties. Specific question arise from
this. In my presentation I will discuss whether, based on the fact that the causa lies in image
transfer, it can be argued that the sponsored party could be liable if the transfer isn’t achieved.
This would mean that this obligation is a performance-based obligation.
The aim of my research was to present new institutes and types of contracts that have
not yet been fully developed in the Serbian legal system and to analyse their legal nature. My
thesis is that all three types of contracts presented, as well as similar relationships that exist in
practice, have such significant similarities and minor differences that they could be considered
the same type of contract and regulated in a unified manner. To substantiate this thesis, I will
compare all three contracts in the following aspects: their purpose and the nature of contractual
obligations. Finally I will present my opinion on whether these contracts should be subject to a
unified regulation, and what are the potential issues in the future regulatio
One health approach and climate change
No full textOne Health approach recognizes connection and interdependence be tween the health of humans,
animals, plants and wider environment. There is inextricable link between the One Health approach
and climate change which has become more pronounced in recent years, as climate change is
recognized as one of the factors which is increasing health risks for humans and animals, and has
negative effects on the environment. Climate change has several consequences, including rising
temperatures that impact humans, animals, food production, and the environment. Increased periods
of pre cipitation and flooding can contribute to the spread of various diseases and lead to the
runoff of pesticides and fertilizers into groundwater and water courses, impacting human, animal,
and environmental health. Among other negative effects, changing climate conditions can contribute
to the emergence of diseases not previously present in certain regions. For example, this was the
case with the West Nile virus which was officially recorded in the human population in Serbia for
the first time in 2012. These are just a few examples of the connection between the One Health
approach and climate change, in dicating the need for cross-sectoral cooperation and connectivity
to prevent or reduce potential negative effects. This research is dedicated to exploring the
relationship between the One Health approach and climate change in Serbia. We have analyzed
legislation and strategies across different sectors to determine whether the One Health concept has
been recognized in Serbia, particularly in relation to climate change
Школовање у страном контексту: међународне студентске миграције и идентитети
No full textСнага истраживачког поља миграција је у његовој интердисциплинарности. У модерно доба
порозних граница, флуидности друштва, флуидности припадности, али и интернационализације
високог образовања, у средишту овог рада је идентитет међународних студената. Искуство
школовања у иностранству посматра се као сложено искуство социјализације и прилагођавања
новом академском и друштвеном окружењу, а идентитет као комплексан и непостојан конструкт у
процесу сталног преговарања и поновног прилагођавања.
Полазећи од демографског и друштвеног значаја миграција, циљ рада је да се, кроз испитивање
карактеристика и ставова међународних студената, прошире научна сазнања о обрасцима
међународних студентских миграција и истражи утицај овог миграционог искуства на (пре)
обликовање идентитета студената у контексту Србије. Рад се ослања на резултатe IS-MIGaIN пројекта,
добијене комбиновањем квантитативних и квалитативних метода.
Резултати показују да код испитаника преовладава став да их је студирање у иностранству променило,
док готово половина сматра да их је ово искуство веома променило. Искуства промена доживљених
током студирања у иностранству приказана су из перспективе међународних студената у Србији и
студената из Србије који су студирали или и даље студирају у иностранству. Ове промене утичу на
константно грађење и надградњу компоненти културног, просторног, професионалног и етничког
идентитета главних актера и дугорочно мењају њихову самоперцепцију идентитета, животни стил,
свакодневну организацију, менталитет и односе са другим појединцима и групама
The Embodied Mind as Pharmacological Target: Towards a Phenomenology of Psychopharmacological Interventions
Full text linkPsychopharmacology is currently plagued by reductionism since it is
understood as the treatment of biological and behavioral symptoms of mental disorders without
taking into account the subjective life of the self in relation to others. Psychopharmacological
interventions, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, must be situated and discussed within
the embodied context of the organism-environment. Summary: In this paper, we present a framework
for understanding the effects of psychopharmacological treatments that move beyond the
traditional reductive, biochemical perspective by putting forward an embodied and enactive approach
to psychopharmacology that integrates phenomenology, neuroscience, and physiology. This approach
explores how medications impact not only symptoms but also patients' lived experiences,
existential feelings, and embodied sense of self. Key messages: Psychotropic drugs interact with
the entire lived body, influencing emotional processing, perception, and the embodied
self, determining emotional blunting, changing affect, temperamental dispositions, and
altering motor function and sensory experience. This fundamentally shapes patients'
embodied engagement with their environment, which reciprocally influences the entire
embodied system, thereby promoting a more nuanced understanding of treatment effects that
account for physiological and experiential dynamics. We emphasize the importance of the
clinician as a mediator of embodied change, moving beyond the mere management of symptoms to
supporting patients in navigating the complex shifts in self-perception and relationality induced
by pharmacotherapy. We advocate for the development of phenomenological profiles of
psychopharmacological drugs, as well as tailored, patient-centered psychopharmacological
interventions that take into account not only clinical efficacy but also the subjective and
embodied changes these treatments induce, and
how they interact with the patients’ unique phenomenological profiles
Нека размишљања о санкцијама за грешке и пропусте у пружању здравствене заштите
No full textPravna teorija i praksa obiluju analizama i raspravama kada je u pitanju
tzv. medicinska odgovornost u najširem smislu reči. Klasifikacije se
vrše u zavisnosti od vrste grešaka, kategorije počinioca, vidova pravnih odgovornosti,
ali i oblika staleških sankcija kao izraz kršenja profesionalne
discipline i etičkih načela. Tematici odgovornosti u oblasti obavljanja medicinskih
delatnosti posvećena su i dokumenta iz vremena usvajanja evropske
Konvencije o ljudskim pravima i biomedicini, kao što je Nacrt direktive
Saveta Evrope o odgovornosti za usluge (1997). Ove aktivnosti pratila su
i uporedna istraživanja u većem broju evropskih država. U odnosu na vremensku
distancu može se reći da se i danas otvaraju različita pitanja kao što
su debata o kriminalizaciji postupanja u zdravstvu, osobenost sankcija kod
disciplinske odgovornosti, status odluka sudova časti u sistemu disciplinskog
procesuiranja (npr. rešenje Ustavnog suda IUz-289/2015) i sl. Problemiu praksi razlog su da se preispituju stara i traže nova rešenja. Traženje od-
govora na nastale probleme podrazumeva celovit i osoben pristup počev od analize konteksta
zdravstvene zaštite, zatim razmatranja šta može biti spor- no i šta označava odstupanje od
standarda, kako se sankcioniše i kako se izvodi odgovornost, pa do utvrđivanja toga šta znači
paralelno procesuiranje i koja je efektivnost sankcija. Da li podrška shvatanju da „nesavršeni
ljudi praktikuju nesavršenu veštinu“ treba da dovede do toga da težište bude na prevenciji a ne na
kažnjavanju? Osim toga, dešava se da nejednakost u izri- canju kazni slabi poziciju regulatora.
Sporne situacije nastaju, takođe, usled nedovoljnog poznavanja uslova i značenja sprovođenja
sankcija na kojima treba dalje raditi u smislu njihovih adekvatnih i pravno valjanih ishoda
Transnational Care, Digital Literacy and Ageing in Emigration Areas: Eastern Serbia Case Study
No full textThe population of Serbia has a six-decade-long emigration tradition,
and eastern Serbia (including Petrovac municipality) belongs to the oldest
emigration zone with intensive labor emigration. In the vast majority of
municipalities in this area, more than a third of its total population resides
abroad, and the majority is low educated. Also, in the last two decades, census
data record return migration of the population aged 60+. In addition, available
census data on the population of Serbia abroad show that of the total number
of dependents aged 60+ in the country whose dependent is abroad, 40% live
in Serbia’s oldest emigration zone. On the other hand, census data from
2022 show that digital literacy in this part of Serbia is significantly below the
average for the entire country. This particularly applies to the population 60+
in rural areas
Guest Editor’s Introduction Population, Gender Equality and Public Policies: Current Issues and Proposed Solutions
No full textThe thematic section focuses on issues
of gender equality from an interdisciplinary
research perspective. Starting with
the social importance of gender equality,
the goal is to highlight this topic as a
central theme of the public policies related
to population phenomena, the position,
and needs of the population. This
idea is based on the interdisciplinarity of
the knowledge about population, which
also involves discussing the gender dimension
as a significant socio-cultural
determinant of social and population
phenomena (Hobcraft 2007; Johanson-
Hanks 2007). The aim was to gather
papers that would provide scientific support
for the view proposing that issues
related to the social position of women
and men, gender differences, and behavioural
patterns are fundamentally important
in the creation of public policies.
The belief that social sciences can and
should serve as a significant support in
solving practical societal problems (Bašić
2022) further motivated the theme and
focus of this thematic section. Authors
of the articles in this thematic section,
from their research perspectives, emphasize
the important social issue in scientific
discussions, focusing on potential
directions for action
Outliving Oneself Through the Next Generations: (Grand)Parenthood and Values in Later Life
No full textThe article explores personal values among older adults in relation to their “offspring status.” Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development and Schwartz’s theory of human values suggest a positive relationship between having offspring and prosocial values. We tested this hypothesis by comparing older adults who have none, one, or two generations of descendants: childless (with no descendants), grandchildless (with adult children and no grandchildren), and grandparents. We conducted a hierarchical multilevel regression analysis using data from Round 9 of the European Social Survey on a subsample of 12,713 respondents older than 65 from 29 European countries. Our model predicted preferences for four of the Schwartz higher order value types (Self-Transcendence, Self-Enhancement, Openness to Change, and Conservation) among the three categories of older adults based on their offspring status, controlling for individual-level (gender, education level, general health) and macro-level variables (Human Development Index). All but Openness to Change values are significantly predicted by older adults’ offspring status. Having grandchildren is positively associated with Self-Transcendence and Conservation values (socially oriented values) and negatively with Self-Enhancement (values with self-oriented focus). The article discusses the theoretical implications of the obtained findings, focusing on plausible mechanisms connecting the offspring status and value orientations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserve