Journals an der JLU Gießen (Justus-Liebig Universität)
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The Securopolis: (Re)assembling Surveillance, Resilience, and Affect
No full textThis paper explores how modern urban life is being re-assembled into a ‘securopolis.’ The securopolis is a form of urban life in which humans enact a ‘watchfulness’ (i.e. surveillance) combined with a ‘readiness for the worse’ (i.e. resilience) which is embedded into the physical and affective (emotional) fabric of the urban. The securopolis is more than a neat model of a safe, secure and sustainable city; it is a powerful influence on the underlying habitus of urban space, culture and governance. To explore this phenomenon the interplay of surveillance and resilience with the perceived needs: to be safe, to improve security and to improve sustainability are unpacked. I argue that this reconfiguration of the urban results in a suite of emergent (and ongoing) challenges; shifting the balance underpinning our traditional concepts of democratic community and ‘publicness.’ These tensions are (re)configured differently to those so well described by recent research into urban gentrification, militarization and the reimagined boundaries of public/private space. In order to get to grips with them a different approach, with a rethinking of ‘affective governance’ is required
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Historical Geography of the Irish Revolution: A Multilayered Perspective
Get PDFDer Atlas of the Irish Revolution, herausgegeben von John Crowley, Donal Ó Drisceoil und Mike Murphy untersucht die revolutionäre Phase Irlands von 1912 bis 1923. Ausdrücklich wird dabei das 19. Jahrhundert als Auftakt der Revolution bzw. ihres Einflusses, ihres Vermächtnisses und der Erinnerung daran miteinbezogen. Bestehend aus über 100 Beiträgen von unzähligen Wissenschaftler_innen und aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven (inklusive Kartenmaterial und beeindruckender Visualisierungen), stellt der Atlas eines der umfassendsten Werke bislang über die revolutionäre Phase in Irland dar.The Atlas of the Irish Revolution, edited by John Crowley, Donal Ó Drisceoil, and Mike Murphy examines the revolutionary period in Ireland from 1912 to 1923, including the 19th century as the prelude to the revolution as well as its impacts, legacy, and memory. Comprised of over 100 contributions by numerous scholars and different perspectives, including maps and a striking visual dimension, the atlas represents one of the most comprehensive books about the revolutionary period in Ireland so far
Reclaiming Possession: A Critique of the Discourse of Dispossession in Indigenous Studies (Corrected Version)
No full textIndigeneities are widely constructed as emanating not only from the experience of dispossession in the historical past, but as ways of being in the world which are grounded positively in dispossession, and which in being so offer themselves as antagonistic alternatives to Western ways of being, grounded aggressively as they are in possessiveness, of land, of self, and of others. This essay argues that the opposite is true; that the present condition is one of being governed by regimes of power the strategy of which depends on the production of dispossessed and non-possessive subjects. The task is to reject these discourses of entrapment and reclaim possession for ourselves. In doing so much can yet be learned from minor traditions of thought and practice among indigenous peoples, both mythic and real, which, in contrast to today’s dominant discourses on indigeneity, insist on the integral importance of possession as a foundation for political subjectivity. Whether indigenous or non-indigenous, the task is the same; avoid being trapped by power, learn instead to hunt power, and cultivate the ultimate freedoms of autonomy and self-possession
Surveillance and Shame in Dave Eggers’s The Circle
No full textShame is a complex and controversial emotion, but there are commonly accepted notions of shame which revolve around questions regarding exposure, appearance and visibility. As Jonathan Finn notes, through digitalization and camera surveillance in public spaces, surveillance has become a “way of seeing, a way of being” (2012). Thus, the question of visibility — or invisibility — is as inherent to the concept of surveillance as it is to that of shame. Social media users tend to contribute to disempowering exhibition by sharing their personal information in the online public domain. In other words: today’s “Funopticon” (Lewis 2017) is all about self-exposure. Shame, on the other hand, is generally perceived as an affect that emerges from fear of exposure. But how sustainable is this notion of shame in light of contemporary digital ‘surveillance culture’ (Lyon 2017)? I will examine shame against the backdrop of digital surveillance in Dave Eggers’s The Circle (2013), while also drawing comparisons to our contemporary condition in the culture of surveillance
The Far-Reaching Roots of Harlem’s “Second Renaissance”
Get PDFThe Roots of Urban Renaissance: Gentrification and the Struggle over Harlem von Brian Goldstein stellt eine wichtige Ergänzung zur Geschichte der Stadtentwicklungspolitik in New York City und den USA dar. Goldsteins Buch zeigt anschaulich die komplexe und oft widersprüchliche Geschichte der Stadterneuerung Harlems während der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er richtet seinen Blick hier vor allem auf eine Reihe einflussreicher lokaler Stadtteilorganisationen, welche das Viertel anfangs mit radikalen Ideen zur “community control” in Sinne der mehrheitlich ärmeren BewohnerInnen zu gestalten dachten, letztlich aber eine gegenläufige Vision für Ihren Stadtteil realisierten: ein Harlem, das sich gehobenen Schichten und den Interessen privater Investoren öffnete. Gleichzeitig fungiert der Band somit auch als Erzählung über den Kampf afro-amerikanischer Stadtbewohner, die ihren Platz in den US-amerikanischen Städten inmitten weiter zunehmender Gentrifizierung zu verteidigen suchten.Brian Goldstein’s The Roots of Urban Renaissance: Gentrification and the Struggle over Harlem presents a much-needed addition to existing research on the history of urban redevelopment in New York City and the United States. Goldstein’s book analyzes the complex and often contradictory history of urban redevelopment in Harlem in the second half of the twentieth century. His analysis focuses on a number of influential local organizations that initially intended to shape the neighborhood with radical ideas of “community control” for its majority low-income residents, but over time realized a very different vision: a neighborhood for wealthier residents and private investors. His book is thus at the same time a history of a particular and special urban place in the US and an account of the struggle of African-American city dwellers to retain their place in an increasingly gentrified city
The British Crown in the Spotlight of Literary and Cultural Studies: Analyzing Past and Present ‘Myths of the Monarchy’
Get PDFDie insgesamt elf Artikel des von Anette Pankratz und Claus-Ulrich Viol herausgegebenen Sammelbands (Un)making the Monarchy analysieren ein breites Spektrum an kulturellen Phänomenen, die auf vielfältige Weisen mit der britischen Monarchie in Zusammenhang stehen. Die Fallstudien beschäftigen sich unter anderem mit Mode, Literatur, Satire und monarchiekritischen politischen Tendenzen. Durch seine dezidiert literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Herangehensweisen eröffnet der Band neue Sichtweisen auf zentrale Anliegen der Monarchieforschung, allen voran die Frage nach den Gründen für die anhaltende Attraktivität der britischen Monarchie. Trotz des konstruktivistischen Ansatzes der Artikel beleuchten die einzelnen Texte konkrete soziokulturelle, soziopolitische und sogar psychologische Auswirkungen der „myths of monarchy“ (S. 17) auf die britische Gegenwartsgesellschaft.Anette Pankratz and Claus-Ulrich Viol’s edited volume (Un)making the Monarchy comprises eleven articles that aim at analyzing (contemporary) phenomena surrounding the British monarchy in cultural fields as varied as fashion, literature, satire, or anti-monarchist political tendencies. With its prevailing cultural and literary studies perspectives, the volume addresses in an innovative way timely and pressing questions in the field of royal studies, among them the question for the reason of the unrelenting appeal of this ancient institution. Despite an overall constructivist stance, the articles in the volume draw on very concrete socio-cultural, socio-political, and even psychological effects that the “myths of monarchy” (p. 17) have on contemporary British society
From Latin America to Israel: the Story of Postwar Argentinian Jewish Immigration
Get PDFDas Buch von Sebastian Klor untersucht die Geschichte der jüdischen Auswanderung von Argentinien nach Israel. Klor definiert die Gründung des Staates Israel in 1948 und den Sechstagekrieg als historische Zäsuren, die den Anfang und das Ende seines Forschungszeitraums bezeichnen. Between Exile and Exodus analysiert die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen in Argentinien und Israel und findet vielfältige Faktoren, die die Auswanderung beeinflussten, so war sie z.B. nicht eindeutig an argentinischen Antisemitismus oder zionistische Träume gekoppelt. Klor porträtiert die jüdische Auswanderung von Argentinien nach Israel wie jede andere Form der Migration und schlägt vor, dass die Alija (hebräisch für Aufstieg, wie die Auswanderung nach Israel benannt wird) nicht als Sonderfall zu betrachten.This monograph from Sebastian Klor explores the story of Jewish immigration from Argentina to Israel. Klor sets the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the Six Day War as caesura that form the beginning and end of his research. Between Exile and Exodus explores changing political and economic conditions in Argentina in Israel, and concludes that the factors influencing the emigration were diverse and were not clearly bound to Argentinian anti-Semitism or Zionist dreams. Klor portrays Argentinian emigration to Israel as any other form of migration, and suggests not viewing the aliyah (ascent in Hebrew, the way immigration to Israel is described) as an exceptional case
Law out of History, History by Law
Get PDFDer transdisziplinäre Sammelband Law and Memory. Towards Legal Governance of History besteht aus insgesamt 19 Artikel zu nationalen und transnationalen Gesetzgebungen rund um kollektive gesellschaftliche Erinnerung. Verschiedene Rechtsprechungen zu Geschichte und Erinnerung werden kritisch diskutiert und somit ein innovativer Beitrag zu der Frage geleistet, in wie fern Gesetze zu Geschichtsschreibung und Gedächtniskonstruktion beitragen, ebenso wie diese regulieren können. Es werden sowohl Fragen nach Wissensproduktion durch Recht als auch nach der Bedeutung transnationaler Vorgaben von Erinnerungspraktiken, wie beispielsweise durch die EU, gestellt und somit überzeugend eine Verknüpfung zweier Themenfelder – Recht und kollektive Erinnerung – unternommen, die bisher noch selten zu finden ist. Eben diese Forschungslücke wollen die beiden Herausgeber*innen mit dem Band füllen, was zwar auch gelingt, jedoch trotz großer Interdisziplinarität noch umfassender hätte erfolgen können, wären Methodiken und Erkenntnisse aus dem Feld der Memory Studies stärker einbezogen worden.The multi- and interdisciplinary volume Law and Memory. Towards Legal Governance of History provides a variety of case studies in both national and international contexts to display the complexity and specificity of disputed laws dealing with historic memory. Tracing back legislations addressing different concerns about history and memory, from the Treaty of Westphalia to the current-day laws of the European Union, this volume contributes to debates on the ways in which law might interfere with or contribute to history writing and the construction of memory. Important questions on potentially prescribed practices of memorialization as well as the (in)compatibility of legal involvement in the shaping of knowledge of ‚historical truth‘ are raised. Furthermore, it brings into conversation not only different viewpoints from History and International Law to Ethics, but also controversial issues on nationalism and the (dis)advantages of transnational legislations. While the volume successfully accomplishes its intent to fill a gap in the current research on memory laws, the analysis of practices of remembrance in the collected texts could have benefitted from integrating methods and theories from established concepts of the study of memory