Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional: Jurnal BATAN
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THE EFFECT OF THE DC-SPUTTERING PROCESS ON CHANGES IN THE HARDNESS VALUE AND ELEMENTS COMPOSITION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE STAINLESS STEEL 316L MATERIAL
Full text linkTitanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin films have intriguing optical, photocatalytic, and electrical properties and have been investigated for various applications, including solar cells, biomaterials, corrosion-resistant materials, and gas sensor. In this study, TiO2 thin films were deposited on the surface of 316L Stainless Steel to improve its mechanical properties as an implant material. The deposition method used was DC sputtering with variations in deposition times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. Vickers hardness test and SEM-EDX characterization were carried out to determine the hardness value, elemental composition, and thickness of the TiO2 thin film formed. Based on these tests, it was discovered that the optimal hardness value of316L stainless Steel material was attained at a deposition period of 90 minutes with a hardness value of 170.10 VHN, and the average thickness of the layer formed was ± 119.02 μm
STUDY OF POISSON NOISE REDUCTION ON GAMMA CAMERA IMAGE USING SPATIAL DOMAIN FILTER
Full text linkA gamma camera image is produced by a gamma camera that detects the gamma radiation emitted by the radioactive substance or radiopharmaceutical injected into the body. The gamma camera image sometimes has noise that can interfere with the diagnosis. This image is commonly affected by a Poisson-type random noise. This research proposes using a spatial domain filter to study Poisson noise reduction in gamma camera images. The image sample used is the image of a mouse injected with Lu-177-DOTA Trastuzumab with 100 µCi activity detected using a dual-head gamma camera with NaI(Tl) detectors. The grayscale image is treated with Poisson noise, then improved using a spatial domain filter. The spatial domain filters used include Mean, Median, Wiener, and Spatial Lowpass Filters. The mean filter is the best one that can reduce Poisson noise among the four applied filters. The best filter size for noise reduction is 3 with MSE 5.07, PSNR 41.08 dB, and SSIM 0.99
Techno-Economic Assessment and Optimization of a Standalone System in Sebira Island, Indonesia
Full text linkNuclear power is known as a baseload generator in central power networks, but its implementation is too large-scale for microgrid applications. Nuclear power as a source of electricity is considered for microgrid applications due to its ability to produce emission-free energy. This research discusses the techno-economic analysis and optimization of a hybrid energy system design on Sebira Island, Indonesia, using a multi-year model in HOMER Pro software. Two scenarios were created: diesel-PV-battery and the second scenario, nuclear-PV-battery, with the baseline system being a diesel generator (DG) only. The research results show that with the optimal use of the nuclear-PV-battery system, the levelized cost of electricity (COE) is 0.6577. The CO2 emissions generated in the optimal nuclear-PV-battery system are zero, making this system far more viable than other hybrid system schemes
Separation of Thorium (Th) from Monazite Sand of Bangka Island using Primene JMT Solvent Extraction Method
Full text linkThorium is an essential element as an alternative nuclear fuel to replace uranium. Thorium is found in the mineral monazite, which is a by-product of the alluvial tin mining process. Many methods have been used to extract and separate thorium from uranium and REEs from monazite, one of which is the organic solvent extraction method. In this research, the primene JMT, which is an extractant of primary amine compounds, was used in the method. The studied parameters are feed pH, JMT primene concentration, and stirring speed. The results show that the optimum conditions for Th extraction in monazite using solvent extraction method primene JMT were obtained at pH 0.5, extractant concentration of 2%, and stirring speed of 300 rpm with Th recovery of 94.05% while U and REE were not extracted
Geological Structure Identification Using GGMplus Satellite Gravity Data in The Area Surrounding Mount Tampomas
Full text linkSatellite gravity provides a new alternative in geological exploration with several advantages, such as low operational cost and large covering area. GGMplus satellite gravity data provide better accuracy for several applications such as lithology or fault identification. Satellite gravity provides a new alternative in geological exploration with several advantages, such as lower costs, broader area coverage, and easily accessible data. Mount Tampomas is one of the areas that has geothermal prospects and a mountain area that has many types of rock formations and faults. This research has been conducted using GGMplus satellite gravity data in the Mount Tampomas area to obtain the second vertical derivative (SVD) and identify the fault distribution in the area. The GGMplus Gravity Acceleration data was corrected and filtered to obtain SVD structures in the area. The structure in this area is dominantly trending northwest-southeast and west-east. The area around Mount Tampomas forms a structure in the form of a caldera. In addition, there are also structures trending north-south at coordinates 81500-82000 E. Some of these structures were overlaid with a geological map to see the suitability of the processed data with the geological conditions that have been studied. The comparison is done by overlaying the structure of the interpretation results and the contour of the value 0 from the Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) data so that we get four fault structures that correlate with the geological map, three calderas, and one lineament that correlates with the lineament map
AN ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICAL BORIS SOLVER FOR TYPICAL PARAMETERS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PENNING ION SOURCE SIMULATION
Full text linkThe cylindrical Boris solver is analyzed for typical two-dimensional Penning ion source simulation parameters. The analysis comprises the solver's accuracy and stability, especially for the latter simulation stages, typically after about 30 μs. The simulation is done for two cases; the first is a gyration simulation with a homogenous magnetic field, and the second uses the same setup as the Penning simulation. Several investigated quantities to determine the error are the radial position, axial position, and velocity magnitude (or kinetic energy). The error is calculated by comparing the result with the reference result from the exact solver with an incredibly small time step width, dt = 10-15 s. The result shows a discrepancy between cylindrical and cartesian Boris solvers. The velocity magnitude of the particle decays as time goes on for the cylindrical Boris solver, especially when the particle is close to the z-axis, an error not found on the cartesian solver. For typical Penning simulation parameters, the trajectory of individual particles is way off the reference trajectory. However, the mean position is relatively close to the reference compared to the dimension of the simulation domain. The kinetic energy is also relatively accurate, with a similar slow decay related to the deteriorating non-axial velocity components previously observed in the first case. Thus, for the simultaneous simulation of millions of particles, there should not be any significant observable difference in actual Penning simulation compared to Penning simulation with reference time step width
Insider Intervention Model in the Sabotage Attack Scenario of a Nuclear Reactor Facility
Full text linkThe Physical Protection System (PPS) at nuclear facilities aims to prevent intrusions into nuclear facilities that cause sabotage attacks or illegal theft of nuclear material. The outsider, the insider or a collaboration of both can carry out this intrusive action. In this study, we modelled the insider collaborating with the outsider to carry out nuclear facility attacks using sabotage attack scenarios. The modelling takes the form of insider intervention on two parameters protection elements:the time delay () and the probability of detection (). Insider intervention in delay protection elements might have fatal consequences and drastically reduce the effectiveness of PPS performance. Therefore, PPS designers need to pay more attention to the delay element to anticipate the negative impact of insider intervention on the effectiveness of the PPS
OPTIMASI PEMISAHAN SESIUM DI DALAM PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR TIPE U3Si2/Al PASCA IRADIASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGENDAPAN KLOROPLATINAT
No full textBeberapa metode pemisahan hasil fisi 137Cs dengan uranium (238U, 235U, 236U, dan 234U) dalam bahan bakar U3Si2/Al telah banyak dikembangkan. Sebagai langkah awal pengembangan metode pemisahan sesium (Cs) yang baru, maka dilakukan optimasi dan pemisahan menggunakan metode pengendapan kloroplatinat. Metode yang dikembangkan pada penelitian ini menawarkan potensi hasil endapan sesium dengan kemurnian yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode pemisahan isotop ¹³⁷Cs dari pelat PEB U₃Si₂/Al menggunakan reagen kloroplatinat. Langkah yang dilakukan adalah dengan melarutkan PEB U₃Si₂/Al pra iradiasi dan menambah beberapa unsur seperti Sm, Sr, Cs, dan Nd untuk mewakili unsur kandungan PEB pra iradiasi, seperti kondisi aslinya. Proses pengendapan Cs di dalam larutan supernatan dilakukan dengan menambahkan larutan HCl dan NaOH untuk memisahkan unsur pengotor dengan unsur sesium. Proses pengendapan dilakukan dengan menambahkan H2PtCl6 untuk mengendapkan dan memisahkan unsur Cs dan unsur yang lainnya. Optimasi proses pengendapan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan temperatur dan waktu pengendapan. Kondisi optimum proses pengendapan diperoleh pada temperatur -3 οC dan waktu 10 menit hal ini ditunjukkan dengan perolehan hasil endapan Cs2PtCl6 sebesar 0,3361 g. Analisis menggunakan XRD dan SEM digunakan untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat hasil pemisahan sesium menggunakan metode pengendapan kloroplatinat, yang hasilnya semua unsur terdistribusi merata. Kemurnian endapan Cs2PtCl6 yang diperoleh sebesar 100% dengan pola difraktogram sama dengan referensi.
ESTIMASI DOSIS 99mTc-PERTEHNETAT DARI GENERATOR 99Mo / 99mTc NON-FISI PADA ANAK-ANAK USIA 1-15 TAHUN UNTUK PROSEDUR DIAGNOSTIK
Full text link99mTc-pertehnetat berguna untuk pengobatan yang disertai dengan adanya info pemberian dosis ke tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi dosis radiofarmaka 99mTc Pertehnetat pada anak-anak usia 1-15 tahun. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berbasis uji biodistribusi mencit dengan interval waktu 0,5, 1, 3, 5, 24 jam pasca injeksi radiofarmaka. Dari data hasil uji biodistribusi diperoleh %ID/gram organ mencit, dikonversikan ke %ID/gram organ manusia. Setelah itu, hasil perhitungan diinput ke software OLINDA/EXM dengan mengamati perbedaan dosis efektif untuk anak-anak usia 1-15 tahun. Berdasarkan nilai %ID/gram organ manusia masing-masing aktivitas uptake pada interval waktu pasca injeksi dari organ tertinggi dihasilkan yaitu, otot, hati, paru-paru, dan lambung. Hasil perbandingan dosis efektif OLINDA/EXM menggunakan t hewan dan t manusia dapat diketahui hasil yang diperoleh menghasilkan nilai dosis efektif yang lebih kecil dibandingkan setelah dikonversi ke t manusia. Rata-rata dosis serap dari organ tertinggi pada OLINDA/EXM berada di tiroid, lambung, paru-paru dan. Hasil dosis efektif yang diperoleh untuk usia 1 tahun 1.11 x 10-2, 5 tahun 6.01 x 10-3 , 10 tahun 3.96 x 10-3 dan 15 tahun 2.50 x 10-3 . Oleh sebab itu, besar dosis efektif yang dihasilkan semakin besar terhadap umur pasien yang lebih muda