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A new analytical method for determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in pharmaceutical formulations by RP-HPLC method
No full textA simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine was achieved on Waters Alliance -2695, by using Luna C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% TEA adjusted pH-2.5 with OPA & ACN in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 261 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine were NLT 2000 and should not more than 2 respectively. The linearity of the method was excellent over the concentration range 30-450 µg/ml and 20-300 µg/ml for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine study of its stability
A study on prescribing pattern of antibiotics in paediatric outpatient department at a multispeciality hospital nellore
No full textIn our study antibiotics are prescribed to paediatric patients based on empirical therapy without performing any sensitivity tests. Collaborative (Physician, Pharmacist, Microbiologist) research can be helpful, in addition to get a clear understanding of need for microbiological tests, pharmacist intervention and physician good judgment in clinical situation. Exact identification of disease and its management gives an important aspect of patient care which is important in paediatric patients. Prescriber should minimize the empirical therapy as much as possible. To limit or reduce the antibiotic prescribing all necessary references, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) and antibiotic prescribing policies should be provided by the hospitals. Physician should refer to STG for minimal prescribing of antibiotics. Specific effective interventions should be developed to reduce the inappropriate antimicrobial prescription. All diabetes mellitus patient treated in the Inpatient department of General medicine and Nephrology department during March-August 2014 were monitored, collect relevant data and entered into the data sheet. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the protocol approved by the IEC, patients belonging to the age group 40-70 of both sex were selected and enrolled for the study
Dosage form developments of Polymer based drug delivery systems for Oral route
Get PDFScientists had created a unidirectional release sequence and sealed the other side of the patches with impermeable ethyl cellulose sheets. Other studies showed that the incorporation of drug-loaded microspheres into the patches, instead of direct loading of the drugs, can provide significantly enhanced control over the release behavior of the drug. Recently developed a lipophilic formulation (drug-in-oil formulation) to improve the compatibility of the system with intestinal cell lines and enhance the absorption of insulin. This formulation, however, lacked sufficient retention time at the targets. They eventually solved this problem by developing a bilayer patch comprised of a drug-impermeable layer to ensure unidirectional drug release and a layer of mucoadhesive to extend gastro-residence duration. The porous mucoadhesive layer was likewise impregnated with the drug-in-oil formulation. Although it has been more than two decades since the development of these oral devices, they have not attracted as much research attention as other designs, such as MPs Oral patches are most commonly used in the duodenum's early segments because solid boluses of digested food might remove the patch from the lumen wall in latter parts of the GI tract, considerably reducing the transitional period. Even in the duodenal part, the device needs strong bonding/binding with the mucus to avoid being washed away by gastric juice. Additionally, the mucus turnover cycle restricts the actual applicability of these devices for sustained delivery. This paper outlines similar latest technologies in polymer delivery systems for oral delivery
Validation of high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method in negative ion mode for the estimation of Amlopdipine in human plasma using Amlopdipine D3 as internal standard
Get PDFPharmaceutical analysis plays a very prominent role in quality assurance as well as quality control of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Rapid increase in pharmaceutical industries and production of drug in various parts of the world has brought a rise in demand for new analytical techniques in the pharmaceutical industries. As a consequence, analytical method development has become the basic activity of analysis. Recent development in analytical methods has been resulted from the advancement of analytical instruments. The improvement of the analytical method development and analytical instruments have reduced the time of analysis, increased precision and accuracy and reduced costs of analysis. As a consequence, most of pharmaceutical organizations are investing huge amount of money for the establishment of advanced analytical laboratories. Analytical techniques are developed and validated for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients, drug products, degradation products and related substances, residual solvents, etc. As a result, it has become an integral part of the requirements of the regulatory organization. Analytical method development finally results in official test methods. These methods are used in quality control laboratories to ensure the identity, purity, safety, efficacy and performance of drug products. Regulatory authorities are placing greater emphasis on analytical methods in manufacturing. Drug approval by regulatory authorities requires the applicant to prove control of the entire process of drug development by using validated analytical methods
A study on prescribing trends in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital
Get PDFThe drug utilization pattern of respiratory tract infections to assess the rational prescribing pattern at tertiary care teaching hospital, endorsing drugs by mark names may undermine a portion of the objectives of fundamental solution idea. Recommending by nonexclusive name causes the clinic drug store to have a superior stock control. This will likewise assist the drug store with purchasing drugs on contract premise, as the quantity of brands is less, in this manner decreasing the perplexity among drug specialists while apportioning. Bland medications are regularly more temperate than the marked ones. With respect to recommending of FDCs, Potential points of interest of FDC's incorporate lessened reactions, expanded patient consistence, cooperative energy and expanded adequacy and decreased cost, potential impediments incorporate unbendable settled measurements proportion, contrary pharmacokinetics, expanded harmfulness, doctor and drug specialist's obliviousness
Advancements in nanostructure applications for the anticancer delivery of natural compounds
No full textIn drug design, compounds and extracts sourced from natural origins continue to play a crucial role, offering versatile interactions with enzymes, receptors, and metabolic pathways. Nanomedicine emerges as a powerful strategy for delivering these natural products, ensuring enhanced bioavailability, precise targeting, controlled release, and protection against physical alterations. The escalating interest in nano-delivery of natural compounds is evident through the growing number of scientific publications in this field. This review goes beyond merely showcasing successful examples of nano-delivery systems containing natural products; it aims to underscore the untapped potential within pharmaceutical and nutraceutical markets. Commencing with an exploration of plant-derived natural products and the methodologies employed for obtaining nanoformulations, this work delves into nanoparticulate drug delivery systems designed for the skin, central nervous, skeletal, cardiovascular systems, and diabetes. Despite notable advancements in preparing nanomedicines featuring specific dietary polyphenols, research focused on crude extracts or standardized fractions remains limited. Many plants possessing well-documented therapeutic properties, as listed in pharmacopoeias, are yet to fully harness the benefits of nanotechnological advancements. This review emphasizes the significance of developing adequate nanoformulations, with the potential to elevate certain plants from dietary supplements to pharmaceutical status by improving their bioavailability and efficacy. The exploration of untapped opportunities within the nexus of natural compounds and nanomedicine is vital for advancing drug delivery systems and expanding the repertoire of therapeutic options
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of flucloxacillin sodium in a tablet dosage form
Get PDFA Simple, accurate and precise method was developed and validated for the determination of flucloxacillin sodium in its tablet dosage form. The separation was eluted on xterra c18 column (4.6x150mm, 5micron) using a mixture of octane buffer and methanol as mobile phase in a ratio of (30:70) which was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Optimised wavelength for flucloxacillin was 237nm, the retention time was 2.305minutes and the percentage purity was found to be 98.14%. System suitability parameters such as theoretical plate and tailing factor for flucloxacillin sodium was found to be 2991.64 and 1.90 respectively, the proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines (ICH, Q2 AND (R1)) the method was found to be linear at the concentration range of 20-100µg/ml and the correlation coefficient (r2) value was found to be 0.9994 percentage RSD for precision was 0.9% and percentage RSD for ruggedness was 0.5%. The precision study was precise, robust and repeatable. The LOD and LOQ values are 2.98 and 9.98 respectively. Hence the suggested RP-HPLC method can be used for routine analysis for flucloxacillin sodium in tablet dosage form
Role of cationic lipids for the formulation of lipoplexes
Get PDFCationic lipids are widely used for their advantages over viral gene transfer as they are non-immunogenic and their production is easy. The formation of cationic liposomes to lipoplexes with the help of cationic lipids has been done. Cationic lipids are often used in combination with helper lipids such as DOPE or cholesterol for defining their structural properties. The mode of lipoplex formation has been described in this review. This review also focuses on the parameters that affects the physico-chemical properties of lipoplexes describing their use for the cationic lipid based on the gene therapy purposes. The current status and various prospects for the transfection efficacy of lipoplexes is also been described
Analytical method development and validation of Rasagiline mesylate in bulk and doasage form by UV spectroscopy
Get PDFA simple, rapid and precise uv spectroscopy method was developed for quantitative determination of rasagiline mesylate in bulk and dosage forms. This method was based on the beer’s lamberts law and The linearity was found to be in the concentration range of 50-300µg/ml and maximum absorbance was measured at 263nm 0.1m sulphuric acid as a solvent. The method was validated statistically and by recovery studies. Recovery was found to be in the range of 98 -102% and the %R.S.D was found to be less than 2%. The proposed method was economical and sensitive for the estimation of Rasagiline Mesylate (RM) in bulk and tablet dosage
Enhancement of dissolution rate of Olmesartan medoxomil using urea as carrier by different solid dispersion techniques
Get PDFThe poor solubility of drug substances in water and their low dissolution rate in aqueous G.I.T fluid often leads to insufficient bioavailability. As per Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), Olmesartan belongs to the class-II category having poor solubility and high permeability. Since only dissolved drug can pass the gastrointestinal membrane, the proper solubility of the drug is ultimately desired. Its oral bioavailability is 26%. Hence, an attempt was made to enhance its solubility by formulating solid dispersions using different techniques viz., Melting, Kneading, Co-precipitation, Solvent evaporation and Physical mixing etc., Drug and carrier (Urea) in different ratios like 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3 and 1:4 were used for formulating solid dispersions. The compatibility of the drug with the carrier was checked by FTIR studies, these results revealed that there was no interaction between them. The angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density; Carr’s index and Hausner ratio were calculated for the micrometric characterization of all the solid dispersions. The drug content was found to be high and uniform in all formulations. The prepared Solid dispersion SEM4 (1:4) showed minimal wetting time of 13 seconds compared with the other formulations. In vitro dissolution, release studies in Phosphate buffer pH of 6.8 revealed that the prepared solid dispersions showed faster drug release compared with the pure drug. The in vitro dissolution profile showed ascendency on increasing the carrier concentratio