Rubatosis Publications (E-Journals)
Not a member yet
172 research outputs found
Sort by
salivary biomarkers: future clinical investigation technique
No full textHuman saliva is a clear, slightly acidic biological fluid containing a mixture of secretions from multiple salivary glands, including the parotid, sublingual gland other minor glands beneath the oral mucosa as well as gingival crevice fluid. Salivary diagnostics has evolved into a sophisticated science and serves as a subset of the larger field of molecular diagnostics, now recognized as a central player in a wide variety of biomedical basic and clinical areas. Saliva biomarkers are source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders. The saliva based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass the painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of diseased individuals. Accurate and reliable early stage disease detection is the benefit of salivary biomarkers. Salivary biomarkers represent a promising non-invasive approach for oral cancer detection also. This review explains about the salivary biomarkers and their diagnostic approache
Formulation and invitro evaluation of oral extended release microspheres of aceclofenac using various natural polymers
No full textIn the present work, bioadhesive microspheres of Aceclofenac using Sodium alginate along with Carbopol 934, Carbopol 971, HPMC K4M as copolymers were formulated to deliver Aceclofenac via oral route. The results of this investigation indicate that ionic cross-linking technique Ionotropic gelation method can be successfully employed to fabricate Aceclofenac microspheres. The technique provides characteristic advantage over conventional microsphere method, which involves an “all-aqueous” system, avoids residual solvents in microspheres. FT-IR spectra of the physical mixture revealed that the drug is compatible with the polymers and copolymers used. Micromeritic studies revealed that the mean particle size of the prepared microspheres was in the size range of 512-903µm and are suitable for bioadhesive microspheres for oral administration. The in-vitro mucoadhesive study demonstrated that microspheres of Aceclofenac using sodium alginate along with Carbopol934 as copolymer adhered to the mucus to a greater extent than the microspheres of Aceclofenac using sodium alginate along with Carbopol 971 and HPMC K4M as copolymers. The invitro drug release decreased with increase in the polymer and copolymer concentration. Analysis of drug release mechanism showed that the drug release from the formulations followed non-Fickian diffusion and the best fit model was found to be Korsmeyer-Peppas. Based on the results of evaluation tests formulation coded T4 was concluded as best formulation
Formulation and evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of metoprolol succinate using various superdisintegrants
Get PDFThe aim of present work is to develop a fast disintegrating solid oral dosage form of Metoprolol succinate. The concept of fast dissolving drug delivery system emerged from the desire to provide patient with more conventional means of taking their medication. Problems associated with conventional tablets can be resolved by means of fast dissolving tablets when put on tongue these tablets disintegrate and dissolve rapidly in saliva without need of drinking water. The faster the drug disintegrates in to solution, the quicker the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Preformulation results reveal that the flow properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient were found to be excellent as per IP limits. To perform drug-polymer compatibility FT-IR studies were carried out and observed that there was no interaction between the APl and excipients. Eight formulations were prepared with varying super disintegrating agent ratios and were found that as the level of super disintegrating agent decreased the drug release rates were found to be increased. Amongst all the formulations, formulation containing CCS (F4) as super disintegrant is fulfilling all the parameters satisfactorily. It has shown excellent in-vitro disintegration, in-vitro dissolution compared to other formulations. The prepared tablets disintegrate within few minutes without need of water; thereby enhance the absorption leading to its increased bioavailability. It was concluded that Fast Disintegrating tablets of Metoprolol can be prepared successfully as it satisfies all the criteria as a dispersible tablet and would be alternative to the currently available conventional tablets. Prepared formulations were stable during 90 days storage period at controlled 40°C and 75%RH
Design and synthesis of antimicrobial linear tetrapeptides and heterocyclic ring conjugated tetrapeptides- a comprehensive review
Get PDFPeptides having a number of therapeutic activities, in which, sequence of antimicrobial peptides plays an important role in antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial peptides are potential alternatives for conventional antibiotics. Our objective is to collect important different types of linear anti microbial peptides. We are doing a comprehensive review on linear antimicrobial tetrapeptides
Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats
Get PDFHuman consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems
Formulation and Evaluation of ethyl cellulose microspheres containing diclofenac sodium
No full textDiclofenac sodium belongs to a class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This medication is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis. It has shorter half life (2hr). It undergoes extensive first pass metabolism. Frequent dosing is required in case of conventional dosage form. The objective of present study was to develop ethyl cellulose-based sustained release diclofenac sodium microspheres to reduce the dosing frequency to achieve targeted drug delivery system. The diclofenac sodium-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres were formulated by emulsification technique and the physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterized. Compatibility studies were carried out using FTIR studies. The percentage drug content was studied in three different pH media (pH 1.2, pH 6.8 and pH 8.0). The entrapment efficiency of these microspheres was between 36% and 80.95%. The obtained microspheres showed good flow properties, which were evaluated in terms of angle of repose (15.27 – 20.30), bulk and tapped densities (0.34-0.39 and 0.37-0.48, respectively), Carr indices and Hausner ratio (20-45 and 1.03-1.80, respectively). Particle size and percentage drug content depended on the nature and content of polymer used. In formulation (F) first drug and ethyl cellulose were use in 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios. As the concentration of polymer increases the drug encapsulation in microsphere were increasing. Formulation F3 was found best formulation. Thus, overall study reveals that prepared microspheres of diclofenac sodium by using ethyl cellulose using binary organic mixture as solvent at different ratios to enhances the percentage drug content and flow properties
Assessment of Formulation and Biopharmaceutical Aspects in The Development of Oral Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems
No full textThe Gastrointestinal tract is separated into two parts: upper and lower. The upper GI tract includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the initial part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. The lower GI tract includes the rest of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum), as well as the large intestine segments: The cecum, colon, and rectum. The structure of the GI tract is similar in all segments. The lumen is enveloped by smooth muscle cells, covered by mucus, submucosa, and several muscle layers. The mucosal layer which lines the inner part of the GI tract consists of a layer of epithelial cells, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae, which play significant roles in food/drug molecule transport and gastrointestinal immunity. A broad absorption area and a lengthy residence period give more possibilities for drug absorption, which is why drug absorption occurs mostly in the small intestine. Further, between the three main parts of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), the jejunum and ileum have a higher absorption capacity compared to the duodenum. The average segment length, pH, mucus thickness, drug residence time, and bacterial diversity/population in various segments are factors of the environmental parameters that affect drug integrity and absorption. This review outlines, factors influencing drug delivery, and discusses attributes to overcome using lipid-based systems
A new analytical method for determination of dolutegravir and rilpivirine in pharmaceutical formulations by RP-HPLC method
No full textA simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine was achieved on Waters Alliance -2695, by using Luna C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% OPA & ACN in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 245 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine were NLT 2000 and should not more than 2 respectively. The linearity of the method was excellent over the concentration range 10-150 µg/ml and 5-75 µg/ml for Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine study of its stability
Erythrocyte as novel cellular drug delivery system
No full textNowadays so many carrier systems are used for delivery of drug or any other therapeutic agent to specific tissues or cells for achieving desired therapeutic efficacy. Using drug delivery systems can improve action of therapeutic agent and reduce their toxicity. As a novel approach the erythrocyte or red blood cells are used for drug delivery. The resealed erythrocyte is a cellular carrier have more advantage than other carrier system. Based on various studies found that erythrocyte have greater potential in delivery of biopharmaceuticals, therapeutically significant peptides and proteins, nucleic acid-based biological, antigens, anticancer drug and vaccines. The main problem obtain in case of existing carrier systems are biocompatibility of carrier and its degradation products. The biocompatibility, non-pathogenicity, non-immunogenicity and biodegradability make erythrocyte unique and useful carriers. They also possess longer circulation half-life and zero order drug release kinetics. Resealed erythrocyte carriers have certain impact among the activity of certain therapeutic agent like anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, chemotherapeutic agents by reducing their side effect upon incorporation with these carriers. The general preparation step of resealed erythrocyte involve separation of erythrocyte from blood the organism of interest and using different methods the erythrocyte broken and the therapeutic agent or drug entrapped into the erythrocyte. This review article highlights the characteristics, isolation techniques of erythrocyte, preparation method, evaluation, application of resealed erythrocyte as carrier in drug delivery systems
Formulation And Evaluation of Biodegradable Polymer Triple Layer Coated Multiparticulate System For Colon Targeting
No full textAbstract: In this present research work, the aim was to develop extended on targeted triple layer coated pellets filled capsule system of Curcumin for chronotherapeutic treatment of colon cancer. Materials and Methods: So triple layer coated pellets of curcumin were prepared using pH sensitive polymers by using fluidized bed dryer which was further filled into an empty gelatin capsule. The compatibility was assessed using FT-IR, DSC and SEM studies for pure drug, polymers and their physical mixtures. Results and Discussion: The prepared batches were subjected to physicochemical studies, drug content estimation, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. When FT-IR, DSC and SEM studies were performed, it was found that there was no interaction between curcumin and polymers used. The physicochemical properties of the entire prepared triple layer coated pellets batches were found to be in limits. The drug content percentage in the optimized formulation C9 was found to be 99.86± 0.02%. The optimized triple layer coated pellets-filled-capsule formulation C9 releases curcumin after a lag time of 3.14 ± 1.58, 17.48 ±0.03%, 68.72 ± 0.86%, and 98.46± 0.34% at the end of 2, 5, 9, and 12 h respectively. Conclusion: Thus, a novel colon targeted delivery system of curcumin was successfully developed by filling triple layer coated pellets into an empty gelatin capsule shell for targeting colon cancer treatment