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A study on prevalence of smoking on peptic ulcer: a survey
No full textCigarette smoking appears to be a risk factor for the development, maintenance, and recurrence of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcer is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in our digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Smoking has an inconsistent effect on gastric acid secretion, but it does have other effects on upper gastrointestinal function that could contribute to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of cigarette smoking in ulcer. An online prospective questionnaire based survey was carried out in 100 individuals who were selected in random and their responses were recorded and the results were analysed. The present study suggests that now, most ulcer perforations may arise among individuals (especially mens) aged above 25 are caused by smoking. We found a very strong association between current cigarette smoking and ulcer perforation from these surve
Clinical implications of novel polymer and lipid based drug delivery systems
No full textThe use of lipids in drug delivery is not a new trend, some of the lipid dosage forms have been in use for a long time such as suppositories, creams, and emulsions. However, there has been much advancement in the designs of lipid carriers over the past decade. In the same way from the past two decades, new approaches in biodegradable and bio-reducible polymers have paved a way for many recent drug delivery systems. Applications of these novel drug delivery formulations have been promising clinically. However, each system has its pros and cons in various factors depending upon their use and intended route of administration. This review focuses on upbringing the challenges in the use of novel lipid and polymer drug delivery systems in clinical settings and few insights on how to overcome them
Effect of physical training on gender difference in trained personal
Get PDFMany controlled studies and neurological studies demonstrate that men and women are physically and mentally different. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is any gender difference in respiratory capacity between trained athletes of both gender. This study was conducted at Kolkata (Serampore area), West Bengal, India. The subject was trained table tennis players of age group was 14 – 17 years. Significant differences have been found in height (cm), W/H ratio and PIF (l/s) between male and female lawn tennis players and all these values are significantly higher (P<0.05) in male than female players. Greater mean height in trained male than female tennis player of same age range is advantageous for male. This might be due to their own growth pattern under the influences of different specific hormones which is not considered in this study. Higher centrally located fats in trained male than female tennis player in this age range might be due to less affectivity of physical training in male. Higher central fat distribution may hinder different lung capacities by influencing abdominal cavity. Higher peak inspiratory flow in trained male than female tennis player indicates inspiratory muscles are more powerful in male player of this age range. So, it can be concluded from this study that gender differences in lung capacities can be minimized by proper training load in female trained player at least in 14-17 years age range. This study also claimed that stature is not only the decisive factor for differences in lung capacities in male and female trained tennis player of 14-17 years age range. Body composition, central fat distribution, active inspiratory muscles and proper physical training have definite role in improving lung capacities of trained male and female tennis player
Formulation and in-vitro characterization of erythromycin ocular inserts
No full textErythromycin has antibacterial activity and especially useful in the treatment of superficial infections involving conjunctivitis and/or cornea caused by organisms. Sustained drug therapies have more advantages than conventional. In the present study, an attempt was made to formulate sustained drug delivery system for Erythromycin in matrix type the formulations for Erythromycin containing 10%, 12%, and 14% w/v of Gelatin & Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, and 14% , 16%, and 18% w/v for Ethyl cellulose were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for their average weight variation, thickness, drug content, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. An increase in average weight and thickness is due to an increase in polymer concentration. IR spectral studies were performed to confirm the interaction of drug with excipients. IR spectrum revealed that there is no incompatibility and no drug-polymer interactions. In vitro drug release studies were performed by vial method. Gelatin F09, HPMC F15 and EC F21 exhibited maximum average weight 16.66 ± 0.02, 10.81 ± 0.01 & 21.40 ± 0.01 mg respectively and thickness of 0.29 ± 0.01, 0.33± 0.06 and 0.43± 0.02mm respectively. The drug content was found to be 94.48, 92.87 & 90.26% respectively. The in-vitro drug release studies showed that increase in polymer content decreases the drug release from ocular inserts. Formulations containing 16 % and 18% w/v of EC showed sustained and almost complete drug release and dissolved 86.99% and 85.00 % over 14hours period was selected as an ideal formulation. The dissolution data of above formulation were subjected to first order, Higuchi’s and peppa’s equations. The linearity and slope indicates that the release of erythromycin from the films might have followed Peppa’s double log plot and non Fickian characteristics. Drug release from the ocular insert by diffusion controlled mechanism. Stability studies conducted for F20 formulation. The formulation showed satisfactory physical stability at 25oC and 40oC at 60% and 75% RH respectively. The physical appearance had not changed considerably. It can be concluded that formulation containing EC 18 % w/v has achieved the objectives of increased contact time, prolonged release, decreased frequency of administration and thus may improve the patient compliance
A detailed study of methotrexate treatment in ectopic pregnancy
No full textMethotrexate is a folic acid antagonist, it works by inhibiting the dihydrofolate by interfering with the DNA synthesis. Ectopic pregnancy is a life threatening condition that may cause maternal mortality. The main aim of this review to show the efficacy of systemic methotrexate and shows the importance of methotrexate treatment in management of ectopic pregnancy with surgical treatment and dosage regimen with protocol treatment. The selection criteria of candidates in this review is pregnant women with <5000miu/ml, adrenal mass <4cm, presence of peritoneum <100mland no sign of cardiac activity. Data collections are made from most relevant article between the periods of 1987-2020. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency condition if not timely diagnosed and most of the cases where identified in first trimester
Carbon nanotubes: A promising novel drug delivery system
No full textBackground: CNT’s are nanomaterials that are one-dimensional structure, which are considered to be of the 2nd generation allotrope of carbon. They usually constitute pure carbon and carbon atoms are present in a repetitive manner in a hexagonal pattern and thus make up cylindrical tubes. CNT’s can be functionalized such that bio molecules can be attached on their surfaces by covalent or noncovalent linkages and the needle like shape of the CNT’s enable them to perforate cellular membranes and delivers the carried drug molecules to targeted sites. They have the ability to carry drugs to the specific site as they are hollow and much smaller than blood vessels.Methods: Previously published articles relating carbon nanotubes as an effective drug delivery system have been collected and reviewed.Observations: Some of the important properties of CNT that makes them eligible as a novel nanomaterial for potential drug delivery are their characteristic configuration, excellent functionalisation ability and dynamic surface modification properties. They have high elasticity which enhances the chances of intracellular drug delivery. CNT’s have emerged as an efficient drug delivery system in the field of medicine for targeted delivery of drug molecules to the specific site of action. The large inner volume of CNTs allows enclosing of both low and high molecular weight drugs. It also permits encapsulation of both hydrophilic as well as lipophillic drugs. They have exclusive characteristics like ability to absorb pathogenic molecules and heat conduction that would enhance their use in the medical field
Comparative studies on mydriatic effect of tropicamide 0.8% and phenylephrin 5.0% in teenagers & geriatric people
Get PDFProspective study on the comparison of mydiriatic effect of Tropicamide 0.8% and Phenylephrine 5% in teenagers and geriatric people was carried out in suthrama Eye Hospital madanapalle, India. The main objective of this study was to compare the mydriatic effect of a combination of drug in teenagers and geriatric people. It also evaluated the ADR’s produced and the efficacy of the drug in two age groups. In this study population majority of the subjects were female in group A and male in group B. Among the whole population under study in group A and B no one has reported with any case of congenital anomalies. A number of ADR’s are reported but no serious adverse events had occurred. The study was carried out in 100 eyes ie. 50 subjects whom are divided into 2 groups based on age. The comparison of mydriatic effect was done in each group after instilling one drop of a combination of 0.08% Tropicamide and 0.5% Phenynilephrine. The pupillary size where measured before and after administration of drug and the results were compared. The results showed that there is a large difference in the normal pupil size between teenagers and geriatric people. After dilation the difference in pupil size was statistically significant among the two groups. The study concludes that the pupillary dilation produced by administering 0.8% Tropicamide and 5% Phenylephrine produces higher mydriatic effect in teenagers than geriatric people
Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis-a case report
Get PDFLongitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) characterized by spinal cord inflammation extending vertically through three or more vertebral segments.Early serological testing for NMO-IgG antibodies in suspected LETM is important for prompt diagnosis, indicating prognosis and establishing appropriate therapy to reduce the risk of future relapses or disease progression. This is a case of 35-year-old female complaining of weakness of both lower limbs, bladder and bowel disturbances with curdle like sensation, loss of sensation.MRI C and D spine plain and contrast showed T2 hyperintensity in spinal from C4 to D7 s/o of demyelination, thinning of spinal cord noted at upper dorsal level. Anti nuclear antibody ELISA test revealed positive indicating the presence of NMO IgG antibodies.Due to poor prognosis of the disease patient was advised to be in observation for 15 days and planned for 2 doses of cyclophosphamide 750 mg.Mean while symptomatic treatment was also given.Performing NMO antibodies test as early as possible in the case of symptomatic assessment of either LETM or Multiple sclerosis, which facilitates the choice of treatment for better patient care and enhanced health related quality of life
Role of pharmacy students in reducing medication error- a survey
Get PDFA medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of health care professional, patient, or consumer.The disciplines of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy all play a major role in preventing medication-related errors. To Study the role of pharmacy students in reducing the occurrence of medication errors. A Prospective survey will be carried out using the informations gathered from students in Pharmacy Colleges. This study is to analyze the knowledge of the pharmacy students in reducing medication error. In the questionnaire how the medication error reported, Types of medication error, common drugs involved in medication error etc was included. Also response is recorded. These collected data will be subjected to proper statistical analysis. About 50 students were responded through Google forms. Majority 44% Pharm-D students were responded well. About 88% of medication error was monitored and remaining 12% not.The majority of 60% antibiotics involved in the Medication error. About 96% of people have beneficial in patient care. About 94% responders having lack of knowledge and insufficient training of pharmacist is a problem. Responders of about 62%prescription error, 24% administration error and 14% dispensing error. 84% of responders were documented the medication error. This study will help to aware pharmacy students the importance of reporting medication error and to reduce the occurrence of the medication error and also to study the knowledge of the pharmacy students in medication error reporting. 
Development and validation of new analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of omeprazole and domperidone in pharmaceutical dosage form by UV spectrophotometry
No full textA simple, rapid and precise method was developed for the quantitative simultaneous determination of Omeprazole and Domperidone in combined pharmaceutical-dosage forms. The method was based on UV-Spectrophotometric determination of two drugs, using simultaneous equation method. It involves absorbance measurement at 291 nm (λmax of Omeprazole) and 289 nm (λmax of Domperidone) in Methanol: Acetonitrile (30:70 v/v). For UV Spectrophotometric method, linearity was obtained in concentration range of 1-15 µg/ml for Domperidone and 1-50 µg/ml for Omeprazole respectively, with regression 0.999 and 0.999 for Domperidone and Omeprazole respectively. Recovery was in the range of 99 -103%; the value of standard deviation and %R.S.D were found to be < 2 %; shows the high precision of the method., in accordance with ICH guidelines. The method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation and was validated according to ICH guidelines