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Assessing the Acquisition of Romani in Roma Children
Get PDFThe paper presents the first comprehensive look at the language development of Romani-speaking children from resource-poor Roma communities in several European countries. 250 participants aged 3- to 10-years participated. The experimental tasks assess knowledge in eight key areas of grammar and morphology, including fast mapping of novel items. The special properties of Romani allow new insights on long distance wh-movement and possessive agreement, and the data question the universality of other distinctions in passives and wh-movement from complements. The results demonstrate that the Roma children as a group are as proficient in their primary language as children in other countries, despite massive economic deficits and lack of parental education. This is important because Roma children are massively overrepresented in special education and “special schools” especially in Eastern Europe, and one contributing factor is their inadequate skill in the state language of their domicile
Labors of Love: Gender, Capitalism, and Democracy in Modern Arab Thought
No full textHow to raise a child became a central concern of intellectual debate from Cairo to Beirut over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Intimately linked with discussions around capitalism and democracy, considerations about women, gender, and childrearing emerged as essential to modern social theory. Arab writers, particularly women, made sex, the body, and women\u27s ethical labor central to fending off European imperial advances, instituting representative politics, and managing social order. Labors of Love traces the political power of motherhood and childrearing in Arabic thought. Susanna Ferguson reveals how debates around raising children became foundational to feminist, Islamist, and nationalist politics alike - opening up conversations about civilization, society, freedom, temporality, labor, and democracy. While these debates led to expansions in girls\u27 education and women writers\u27 authority, they also attached the fate of nations to women\u27s unwaged labor in the home. Ferguson thus reveals why women and the family have been stumbling blocks for representative regimes around the world. She shows how Arab women\u27s writing speaks to global questions - the devaluation of social reproduction under capitalism, the stubborn maleness of the liberal subject, and why the naturalization of embodied, binary gender difference has proven so difficult to overcome. - Provided by publisherhttps://scholarworks.smith.edu/mes_books/1001/thumbnail.jp
Female Agency in Films Made by Latin American Women
No full textAt a time of growing relevance for women\u27s social and cultural movements in the Americas, Female Agency in Films Made by Latin American Women examines how the increased prominence of women in a directorial role translates into new paradigms of female agency in Latin American filmmaking. This volume bridges the two main tendencies that have characterized gender-studies approaches to the region\u27s cinema to date: first, the survey-based analysis of films made by women and second, the study of how female characters are treated on the screen-by female and male directors. Bringing together both scholarly trends, this volume explores the complex modalities of female agency developed in recent films directed by women in Latin America, through innovative aesthetic and discursive strategies. Moving beyond consideration of visibility or representation, a diverse body of contributors in this book look for expressions of agency in the films\u27 gaze, their affective depth, the forms of care they bring to the fore, how they highlight their characters\u27 desires and subjectivities, and the bodily and sensorial experiences they convey. María Helena Rueda is a Professor of Spanish and Latin American Studies at Smith College, USA. Her publications focus on contemporary Latin American literature and film, particularly from Colombia, Chile, and Peru. Vania Barraza is a Professor of Spanish at the University of Memphis, USA. Her publications focus on the literature and culture of Latin America, particularly Chile, with an emphasis on film, gender, and sexuality studies.https://scholarworks.smith.edu/spp_books/1004/thumbnail.jp
The Role of GPR37 in Glucose Metabolism
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health challenge, affecting approximately 422 million individuals worldwide (Safiri et al., 2022). Type II Diabetes is the most prevalent form; it is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production. Under normal physiological conditions, glucose metabolism is a complex series of processes that uses simple sugars, specifically glucose, to produce energy. Glucose metabolism involves intricate pathways regulated by insulin, including glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and glycogenolysis. Insulin, a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic β-cells, plays a central role in facilitating glucose uptake into cells through the activation of glucose transporters, like GLUT4 (Satoh et al., 2014). Insulin resistance, a characterization of T2DM, disrupts normal glucose metabolism, leading to chronically elevated blood glucose levels. The brain and the periphery both require glucose metabolism. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a diverse family of seven transmembrane proteins, play pivotal roles in cellular signaling cascades. Among them, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is an orphan receptor that is predominantly expressed in the brain, particularly in oligodendrocytes. GPR37 has been shown to be expressed in the liver. To date, nothing is known about GPR37’s role in regulating glucose metabolism, however its expression in the liver may suggest that it modulates metabolic parameters. The goal of this thesis is to characterize the metabolic profile of wild type mice (GPR37+/+), heterozygous mice (GPR37+/-), and knockout mice (GPR37-/-) in young, old, female, and male mice. The present study demonstrates that the loss of GPR37 decreases weights in young (6 month) and old (8-12 month) male mice. The loss of GPR37 induces lower blood glucose levels after 6 hr fast compared to baseline blood glucose levels in female and male mice; this effect is consistent with age. Loss of GPR37 increases insulin sensitivity in young (6 month) male mice
Investigating the Roles of SCN Status and Physical Contact on Skin Circadian Rhythms: Why sit alone in the dark?
No full textPrecision Measurement of the Absolute Energy of the \u3ci\u3e2s3s\u3csup\u3e 1\u3c/sup\u3es\u3csub\u3e0\u3c/sub\u3e\u3c/i\u3e State in Neutral \u3csup\u3e9\u3c/sup\u3eBe
Get PDFWe report on the absolute energy of the 2��3��1��0 state in neutral 9Be. In doing so, we measure the transition frequencies of the 2��21��0→ 2��2��1��∘1 and 2��2��1��∘1→ 2��3��1��0 transitions, also determining the absolute energy of the 2��2��1��∘1 state. The results are obtained from a home-built hollow cathode discharge lamp using saturated absorption spectroscopy with laser frequencies referenced to a frequency comb. The transition frequencies are determined to be 1276080080(50) and 363105650(130) MHz for the 2��21��0→ 2��2��1��∘1 and 2��2��1��∘1→ 2��3��1��0 transitions, respectively. The absolute energies are determined to be 42565.4498(17) and 54677.350(5) cm−1 for the 2��2��1��∘1 and 2��3��1��0 states, respectively. The results confirm recent theoretical calculations that included ��6 (QED) corrections. All experimental results are limited by unresolved hyperfine structure
Diversity and Evolution of Nitric Oxide Reduction in Bacteria and Archaea
Get PDFWith the advent of culture-independent techniques for studying environmental microbes, our knowledge of their diversity has exploded, uncovering unique organisms, pathways, and proteins carrying out important processes in the biosphere. Novel biochemical reactions are often proposed based on sequence data, but experimental validation is difficult and rare. In this work, we used environmental sequence data to find enzymes that produce the greenhouse gas N2O from NO and validated our hypothesis with experiments. These new enzymes likely contribute to global N2O fluxes and expand the breadth of nitrogen cycling. We also demonstrated that these enzymes evolved multiple times from oxygen reductases, indicating that the evolutionary histories of aerobic respiration and denitrification—and more broadly the oxygen and nitrogen cycles—are tightly connected
Class Struggle and the Interwar Black Radical Tradition: Through the Pens and Voices of W. E. B. Du Bois, C. L. R. James, and George Padmore
No full textTopological and Dynamic Properties of the Sublinearly Morse Boundary and the Quasi-Redirecting Boundary.
No full textSublinearly Morse boundaries of proper geodesic spaces are introduced by Qing, Rafi and Tiozzo. Expanding on this work, Qing and Rafi recently developed the quasi-redirecting boundary, denoted ∂G, to include all directions of metric spaces at infinity. Both boundaries are topological spaces that consist of equivalence classes of quasi-geodesic rays and are quasi-isometrically invariant. In this paper, we study these boundaries when the space is equipped with a geometric group action. In particular, we show that G acts minimally on ∂κG and that contracting elements of G induces a weak north-south dynamic on ∂κG. We also prove, when ∂G exists and |∂κG|≥3, G acts minimally on ∂G and ∂G is a second countable topological space. The last section concerns the restriction to proper CAT(0) spaces and finite dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes. We show that when G acts geometrically on a finite dimensional CAT(0) cube complex (whose QR boundary is assumed to exist), then a nontrivial QR boundary implies the existence of a Morse element in G. Lastly, we show that if X is a proper cocompact CAT(0) space, then ∂G is a visibility space
