Christ University Bengaluru: Open Journal Systems
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Unlocking the Potential of Microalgae: Renewable Biofuel Technologies, Barriers, and Future Directions
No full textResearchers are looking for an alternative source of energy due to the increase in energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels. Recent reports said that microalgae are efficient for biofuel production due to their high growth ability, low production cost and potential to grow in severe environments. There are many photosynthetic microalgae that consume CO2 and sunlight for growth in biomass and thus provide a promising source of bioenergy. This review paper presents the recent technologies to produce microalgal biofuel. Besides this, the cultivation and harvesting processes and environmental factors that influence the microalgal biofuel production have also been discussed. This review paper also discusses how to attain carbon neutrality through several biofuel generations and also discusses their applications and limitations in agriculture and the environment. In future, researchers should give attention to identifying better strains of algae that produce good-quality biofuel of a high yield, better than economically feasible algal biofuel. Future research is needed to produce a higher amount of product because in recent days, most of the algae face the uneconomical higher costs. Finally, this review paper gives an exposure to a better biofuel in future
The Guru and the CEO: A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Western Management Thoughts
No full textManagement in the modern global economy necessitates knowledge of numerous cultural ideologies and how they are applied. This study compares Indian and Western management ideas while examining fundamental topics such as ethics, motivation, leadership, decision-making, and organizational structure. The study synthesizes concepts from case studies published in open access journals, contemporary management theories, and classical philosophical texts using a qualitative, literature-driven methodology. It seeks to draw attention to each tradition's advantages, investigate fresh integrative trends, and pinpoint the obstacles to fusing disparate paradigms. The suggestions include integrating ethics into technological innovation, fostering cross-cultural competency, and developing hybrid leadership paradigms. The concluding remarks and major dialogue under this study contribute towards management discussion which helps create and nurture organisations driven by a balanced approach towards profit and social responsibility
Analyzing Gender Gap in Recognition of IPRs of Women in the Indian Handloom Sector
No full textThe 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights covers intellectual property rights in Article 27. It says people may protect their scientific, literary, and creative achievements. Handicrafts provide income for women, particularly in rural regions with few economic options. Women make up 16.2% of inventors worldwide in 2023, while males make up 83.8%. The United States of America has progressed as there is a considerable rise in women author registrations. The percentage of women writers registered in 2020 was above 38%, up from 28% in 1978. However, women are underrepresented in intellectual production and face prejudice, bias, and stereotypes. Arts, crafts, literature, and the handloom sector might struggle to establish intellectual property rights owing to their perceived lack of originality or marketability for legal reasons. Traditional civilizations stigmatize women who engage in these pursuits, making it hard to copyright their artistic creations. It is often observed that men have patented women's innovations and creativity under their names. This paper advocates recognition of IPR for handloom women craftsmen. It encourages creative freedom beyond gender prejudice, fair recompense for women craftsmen
Mitigating the India-Pakistan Maritime, Humanitarian, and Environmental Adversities with respect to Sir Creek
No full textSir Creek, an ecologically vital area abundant in marine life, sustains coastal communities primarily composed of fishermen whose traditional and economic ties are deep-rooted in the region. The recent surge in the river mouth industrialization along the Gujarat coast has led to heightened pollution and a rise in temperature by over four degrees Celsius in the coastal waters, directly impacting the marine ecosystem. The consequent decline in marine life in the coastal areas of Gujarat has compelled fishing communities to venture deeper into the sea, risking inadvertent trespass into the territorial waters of Pakistan. Presently, a concerning number of fishermen, 184 Indians and 81 Pakistanis, are in prisons across borders due to such incidents. These innocent fishermen get embroiled in a situation with either country continuously trying to establish territorial sovereignty. Furthermore, the prisoners on both sides face a violation of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963, and the India-Pakistan Agreement on Consular Access, 2008. The prolonged detention and in-custody deaths of Indian and Pakistani fishermen have given rise to an acute and entirely preventable humanitarian crisis. This paper uses a qualitative methodology to delve into judicial pronouncements, statutes, international treaties, reports, and academic literature and outlines an action plan to mitigate the maritime, humanitarian, and environmental adversities plaguing Sir Creek and its surrounding region
Usability of Activated Carbon Charcoal in Automotive Textiles for Car Deodorization: An Overview
No full textWith the swift progress in the automotive sector and the increase in time spent within vehicles, consumer expectations for cars have increasingly focused on enhanced comfort. Among the participants, 95% factored in in-car air quality when selecting a vehicle, with about half of them considering it an important element in their purchasing decisions. Complaints about in-vehicle odors have long been a primary source of consumer dissatisfaction. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from interior materials of vehicles play a major role in forming the overall odor profile. Being exposed to VOCs within vehicles can result in both immediate and long-term health issues, including headaches, eye irritation, dizziness, allergic reactions, and respiratory concerns. Additionally, unpleasant odors may lead to both physiological and psychological challenges, such as stress and changes in mood. As such, the concerns surrounding in-car air quality and undesirable odors remain significant. While deodorizing a car is a technical task, using natural materials like activated carbon charcoal makes it relatively straightforward. Activated charcoal is created by heating charcoal in the presence of a gas, resulting in pores that enhance its ability to adsorb chemicals. Given their small size and low-volume pores, activated carbons are more effective at adsorption compared to absorption due to their increased surface area. Activated charcoal is recognized worldwide as a remedy. It possesses various functional characteristics, including a desirable self-air filtering capacity. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, its ability to reduce odors underscores the importance of activated charcoal in both medical and industrial textiles. This paper highlights the characteristics of activated charcoal and its potential uses to eliminate odors from synthetic textile materials in automotive interiors
Tri-Class Exponential ROC Space
Full text linkBiomarkers play a vital role in detecting the presence of disease or medical condition of interest. The challenging tasks in clinical diagnosis are to interpret the performance of biomarkers. To evaluate the biomarkers efficiency, the most advantageous tool used is Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve. For two class problems (abnormal and normal), various models and alternatives are developed to find the biomarker’s performance. In this study, the two class problem has been further extended to the three-class problem i.e. (normal, suspicious and abnormal). The three-class exponential ROC model, Volume Under the ROC Surface (VUS), asymptotic variance and Confidence Interval (CI) for VUS have been derived. The model has been validated using a simulated data and for the real-life dataset from the underlying distribution
Fair-Use Doctrine: Copyright Challenges Posed by AI Generative Technology and In-Text and Data Mining Training
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI) innovators have invested billions in research and development to create advanced software and hardware tools. AI has generated new businesses and start-ups, providing employment to millions. However, despite its transformative potential, AI innovation has not received sufficient support from legal systems and remains constrained by the current intellectual property regime. Fair-use exemptions, particularly with respect to copyright law, have posed challenges for AI development and training. This disconnect arises because copyright law has not evolved in tandem with AI technologies and still reflects principles from an earlier computing era. Consequently, there is a pressing need to examine which provisions of existing copyright frameworks may be impeding AI progress, especially those related to fair-use exceptions. The ambiguity surrounding these exceptions has led to unpredictable judicial interpretations, particularly in the context of AI tools and technologies. As numerous generative AI systems, including OpenAI’s ChatGPT, rely on large datasets that incorporate both copyrighted and non-copyrighted materials, the process of AI training has become a focal point of legal, ethical, and artistic debate. This paper explores these complexities and examines the emerging copyright challenges associated with the training and use of generative AI systems
Heritage Trail will revitalise the livelihood of Palmyra Palm-based rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India
No full textThe Palmyra palm tree, called the Tree of Life, provides numerous edible and inedible benefits. It Provides livelihood opportunities for large, underprivileged communities. The present study explores two heritage walk routes, the Palmyra Safari, connecting distinct landscapes of the Kanyakumari district. Moreover, The Palmyra Trail connects diverse religious groups in the Thoothukudi district. These trails were developed in collaboration with government organisations and local communities to attract tourists with special interests. The techniques used to gather primary data, design the itinerary, and document stakeholders' opinions and experiences on the Heritage Trail routes include the Delphi technique, field observation, interviews with the local community, and familiarisation trips. The findings reveal that local communities, tourists, and experts have positive experiences with the trail. The practical implications highlighting the revitalisation of the local community's socio-economic status, reduction of Palmyra-based product adulteration, and creation of authentic experiences and awareness among tourists were established through the itinerary model. The results suggest that the model's success lies in its ability to engage local communities, provide them with a sustainable source of income, and preserve their cultural heritage. By offering genuine experiences to tourists, the model fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of Palmyra’s significance. The findings support the model's improvement and recommendation to the Tamil Nadu State Forest Department and the Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation working committee for further development and promotion
Mapping Research On Bicycle Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textIn travel and tourism, especially those related to adventure tourism, "Bicycle Tourism" is the fastest-growing area. "Bicycle tourism" is still in its infancy, and further investigation is required to comprehend it more methodically and scientifically properly. The researcher used the Scopus database and searched the keyword “Bicycle Tourism” to identify the research papers. In the search from the year 1982 to 20th April 2024, the researcher retrieved a total of 134 articles. The researcher limited the research to specific research areas of Social Science and Arts and Humanities; only 56 articles were left behind, and lastly, the researcher excluded the press, which was left with 55 articles for the study. To quantify and illustrate the body of research on "Bicycle Tourism," this study used the bibliometric analysis approach, VOS-Viewer, and R-studio software. The analysis revealed that the author found one article that received more than 150 Scopus citations. According to Scopus, Hans, H., Meng, B., & Kim, W. (2017) have received total citations of 175 and 21.88 total citations per year (TCPY)