Christ University Bengaluru: Open Journal Systems
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Electrochemically active chitosan loaded PbS NPs with effective degradation against methylene blue dye and E.coli bacteria disinfection
No full textThis paper reports the photocatalytic, electrochemical and antibacterial properties of cubic crystal structured pure PbS and chitosan, a cationic polymer loaded PbS NPs synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Chitosan loading decreased the crystallite size of pure PbS from 34 to 27 nm. The occurance of п-plasmon with chitosan loading shifted the absorption edge of pure PbS to higher wavelength side and decreased the band gap from 1.94 to 1.87 eV. PbS’s degradation efficiency against MB dye under visible light with chitosan loading increased from 83.2 to 92 % and the degradation rate constants were 0.0178 and 0.0241 min-1 respectively for pure PbS and chitosan loaded PbS NPs. Specific capacitance of pure PbS increased from 71.3 to 97.8 F/g with chitosan loading due to the synergetic effect between PbS and chitosan bio-polymer. With the presence of free hydroxyl groups in chitosan, more ROS are generated in the chitosan loaded PbS NPs resulting in enhanced antibacterial activity
Open Banking in India: From Open Payments to Consent-Driven Open Finance
Full text linkOpen banking has gained popularity in most countries where customers can securely share their payment data with regulated third parties. In some cases, regulated third party financiers are also in some cases allowed to make payments in place of their customers. In many countries, the central government asks banks to provide standardized API access through regulation for open banking. In India, a unique environment prevails where in the government has a two-way approach to promote openness which expanses within people financial inclusion. UPI (Unified Payments Interface) and AA (Account Aggregator) framework are two initiatives taken by the central government of India under the DEPA (Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture). This paper analyses on how open banking is implemented, the role of the central government in open banking, and whether foreign direct investment is needed to further push the case of open banking in India. Further, the path to profitability of payment applications in India such as Google Pay, PhonePe and PayTM where payments are conducted seamlessly by customers without any cost is also studied. India cannot continue to have a zero MDR (Merchant Discount Rate) policy forever as someone has to take the cost of technology, security and seamless open banking. Sustainable monetization of payments without losing the trust of millions of people who are using the open banking channels and quick resolution of grievances will go a long way in transitioning into open banking economy in India
Emerging Trends and Insights in Homestay Tourism: Quantitative Analysis and Future Agenda
No full textHomestay tourism plays a significant role as an alternative accommodation that supports community-based development. The study provides a comprehensive bibliometric assessment of 397 publications on homestay tourism extracted from the Scopus database. Performance indicators are used to highlight publication trends, leading authors, countries, and journals. Science mapping helps to identify the intellectual and thematic structure. The findings indicate a steady rise in homestay-related publications, strongly contributed by Asian countries and periodicals focusing on sustainability, intercultural learning, and destination management. Prominent themes include tourism development, rural and community-based tourism, sustainability, eco-tourism, and tourist behaviour, alongside newer interests in resilience and livelihood outcomes. The study shows how homestay research has evolved and identifies areas where further theoretical development and comparative work are required to support the sustainable expansion of homestay tourism
Teacher Education-Community Involvement Curriculum: Analysis of Practices and Perspectives Towards Enhancing Graduates’ Employability
Full text linkHigher education-community involvement research agendas explore educational alignment with the labour market needs to address the graduates’ employability crisis. This mixed-methods study, underpinned by the triple helix model, explored teacher education and community involvement through the integration of local community content and students’ experiential learning of the world of work. The study selected 821 students, 104 academic staff from six higher learning institutions, and 314 community participants from two regions in Tanzania. Survey questionnaires and key informant interviews were used. The results showed a poor integration of key self-employability skills, particularly in financial management, the informal market economy, and project-based business startup. There is also a poor teacher education-community involvement, such that the selected programmes, the pure science (7.4%), and arts (9.5%) had lower ratings compared to the education and community development (26.7%), and business studies with schooling (36.2%) on enhancing students’ interaction with the labour industries through course activities. Additionally, the use of labour market interactive methods, such as inviting guest speakers (4.8%) and sharing self-employment experiences (7.7%), received the lowest ratings among the academic staff. Furthermore, only 62 (19.7%) of the community respondents participated in the teacher education curriculum development and review process, while the majority, 252 (80.3%), did not. The study concluded that a weak interrelationship among teacher education institutions, government systems of labour market administration, and public communities is a cause of the prevailing graduates' employability crisis. Transforming the teacher education community requires linkage policies, institutional strategies, and further research on graduates’ self-employment data
Non-Violence as Political Power: Gandhi’s Ideological Framework of Ahimsa and Satyagraha
Full text linkMahatma Gandhi was the founder of a unique form of political thought that was developed to support the Indian independence movement and introduced the concept of non-violence to the global arena. Gandhi's political philosophy was based upon the moral basis of truth and non-violence; therefore, it emphasised the importance of both Satyagraha (the Movement for Truth) and the use of moral means. His political strategy was that nonviolent resistance would be the primary method for achieving his goals, and he believed that, through self-restraint and disciplined mass action, both oppressor and oppressed would have their minds changed. As a result, the intellectual foundation of his Satyagraha was the conviction that all people were to be treated equally and humanely, thereby laying the groundwork for non-violence. Gandhi's concept of Swaraj (Self-rule) included personal discipline, community autonomy, and participatory local self-government as additional components to political independence. Further, to construct a true democracy in India, Gandhi believed that decentralised village republics would be a necessary foundation for India's future, self-sufficient citizens. The principles of Sarvodaya (welfare for all) and Trusteeship emerged from Gandhi as models of economic and social justice grounded in the welfare of all, equality, simplicity, and responsible stewardship of resources. Gandhi viewed social reform as a requirement of the National Liberation Movement, i.e., the abolition of untouchability, the uplifting of women, and the building of communal harmony. Gandhi rejected heavy industry, capitalism, and violent revolution, and proposed a sustainable, human-centred economy
Heat Transfer Augmentation in Forced Convection Flow Using a Dilute Aqueous Suspension of Molybdenum Disulphide Nanoparticles
Full text linkThis paper presents a numerical investigation of forced convection heat transfer in a water based molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanofluid flowing through a three-dimensional porous enclosure. The flow is governed by the non-Darcy regime, modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer (DBF) equation, while the energy equation is formulated under the local thermal equilibrium assumption. The highly nonlinear coupled system of equations is solved using a finite difference method (FDM) with a uniform grid, enhanced by the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme for computational efficiency. A systematic grid independence study is conducted to ensure solution accuracy. The results quantify the enhancement of thermal performance, demonstrating that the Nusselt number increases significantly with higher nanoparticle volume fractions, greater geometric complexity of the porous medium (shape factor), and increased inertial effects (Forchheimer number). The study conclusively establishes that the use of water-MoS2 nanofluids in structured porous media is a highly effective strategy for augmenting heat transfer, with promising applications in the design of advanced thermal management systems
Physical, Structural, Thermal, electrical and dielectric investigations on Li2O doped Borosilicate Glasses
No full textLi2O-doped borosilicate glasses were prepared. They were confirmed to be non-crystalline. Measured density is in the range 1.904 and 2.304 g/cm³ and increased with Li2O content. FTIR spectra revealed functional groups. Thermal properties were determined from DTA traces. DC conductivity is found increasing with temperature and Li2O content. Mott’s polaron hopping models were used to understand conductivity changes with temperature. Activation energy for conduction varied positively with Li2O. The number of electronic states per unit volume around the Fermi energy was found to vary from 1031 to 1034 ev-1m-3. Dielectric parameters were measured over a wide range of temperature and frequency. Dielectric parameters decreased with frequency and increased with temperature. Analysis of the electric modulus indicated the nature of the conducting phase. In this paper, borosilicate systems mixed with CoO and Li2O were thoroughly investigated for physical, thermal, conduction mechanisms and dialectical properties
AI for Small Businesses
Full text linkArtificial Intelligence (AI) is transitioning from an urban, enterprise-centric technology to an accessible enabler for small, rural, and micro businesses. Affordable internet connectivity, mobile penetration, low-cost cloud platforms, and user-friendly AI tools have significantly lowered the technological barrier for small enterprises worldwide. In emerging economies such as India—home to approximately 63 million MSMEs contributing nearly 30% of national GDP—structured AI adoption can unlock new productivity levels and enhance economic resilience. Despite the availability of AI tools, small enterprises lack a clear roadmap for adoption. Existing digital transformation models are often complex, resource-intensive, or designed for large organizations. This paper introduces BRAIGHTS, an eight-stage framework specifically created for micro and rural enterprises to help them adopt AI in a simple, sequential, low-risk manner. One real-world styled case study (pharmacy) illustrates the practical application of the BRAIGHTS framework. SMEs continue to face barriers in digital transformation, including cost, and knowledge gaps (OECD, 2021)[5]. The findings demonstrate that structured AI adoption improves efficiency, reduces manual workload, enhances customer engagement, and increases revenue. The study concludes that frameworks like BRAIGHTS can bridge the urban-rural technology divide and enable inclusive, sustainable digital growth. BRAIGHTS is an AI-based model, comparable to systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini, designed to generate actionable recommendations and guidance for small and micro businesses in rural settings. The mission of BRAIGHTS framework is to democratize AI for small businesses, and its guiding motto is: ‘Of the AI, By the AI, and For the AI’