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Comparative studies of photophysical properties of Indole molecules
No full text In this study, we present a comparative investigation of 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide and 5-chloro-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide. The work includes molecular structure determination, UV–visible spectral analysis, and evaluation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values. The influence of pure solvents on the spectral characteristics was analysed using solvatochromic theories. Ground- and excited-state dipole moments were calculated using the solvatochromic method. The higher excited-state dipole moment values and the observed redshifts in the emission spectra confirm that the singlet excited state exhibits intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) character. Theoretical studies were performed using density functional theory (DFT) at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level with Gaussian software. The HOMO and LUMO energies, along with the global chemical reactivity descriptors (GCRD), were evaluated using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were constructed to determine the region’s most susceptible to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack. The experimentally measured ground-state dipole moments (1.67 D and 13.1 D) were found to be higher than the corresponding theoretical values (1.11 D and 6.44 D).
 
Internal Heat Generated Convection in Nanofluids with Rigid Boundaries:Linear and Nonlinear Regimes
Full text linkThis paper investigates the linear and nonlinear stability characteristics of convection driven by internal heat generation in well-dispersed nanoliquids. Water and ethylene glycol are taken as base fluids, each uniformly seeded with nanoparticles of gold, silver, platinum, or diamond. Using mixture theory and phenomenological models, the thermophysical properties of the nanoliquids are incorporated into a modified Rayleigh number that includes a dimensionless parameter F representing nanoparticle loading. In this framework, the Rayleigh number associated with internal heat generation naturally emerges as an eigenvalue. Linear stability is analyzed using a Maclaurin-series expansion, which provides the critical conditions for the onset of convection. For the nonlinear regime, a Fourier–Galerkin procedure is employed to derive a generalized Lorenz system, and a corresponding Ginzburg–Landau equation is obtained to describe amplitude evolution near the convection threshold. This integrated analytical approach offers deeper insight into the behavior of internally heated nanoliquid convection and has potential applications in thermal management and energy system design. The inclusion of high-conductivity noble metal nanoparticles highlights distinct heat transfer and stability responses arising from internal heat generation
Editorial
Full text linkI am glad to present to you volume 1(2) of this journal which is open source but with no article publication charges (APC). The second issue of the bi-annual journal carries research articles on non-linear fluid mechanics, all authored by some of the editorial board members and their associates.The peer-reviewed, well-formatted and plagiarism-checked articles symbolize the standard of the journal and meant to let know researchers, especially youngsters, what we expect in the papers that they shall submit online to subsequent issues of this journal. The focus of this dedicated, first-of-its-kind journal is entirely on nonlinear fluid mechanics. With the aim of getting the journal indexed in the shortest possible time, all standard editorial support is provided and good practices have been followed to give the authors and the readers the experience that top-notch journals provide.
I solicit your cooperation and support in making this journal a foremost one in the field by promoting it to budding and top-class researchers world-wide. Your feedback on improving the editorial experience with this journal is most welcome. Original research articles and review articles in the area of nonlinear fluid mechanics covering experimental, theoretical, computational and simulation aspects shall be considered for publication. Thank you in anticipation for getting on board
Experimental and Computational Studies on Coumarin 4-(4-Methoxy-Phenoxymethyl)-6-Phenyl-Chromen-2-one and Estimation of Ground-State and Singlet Excited-State Dipole Moments by Solvatochromic Approach
No full textThe absorption and emission properties of coumarin-4-(4-Methoxy-Phenoxymethyl)-6-phenyl-chromen-2-one (4MPPC) at room temperature are investigated in pure polar and nonpolar solvents. The pure solvents influence on spectral characteristics. This is investigated by applying theories such as the Lippert-Mataga polarity function, Reichardt’s microscopic solvent polarity parameter, and Kamlet and Catalan’s multiple linear regression techniques. The main role of solute and solvents interaction in pure solvents, particularly depend on dielectric properties and hydrogen bonding. The computed HOMO and LUMO energies of the compound indicate that they are chemically active with a tendency for molecular interactions and are supported by the electrostatic potential data. The electric dipole moments of both the ground and excited states have been estimated using solvatochromic shift method. The value of electric dipole moment of the excited state and the redshifts of emission spectra show that the emitting single state has an intramolecular change transfer character (ICT). From the present work we conclude that both polar and non polar solvents change fluorescent properties of coumarin
A Potential impact of glyphosate on morpho-behavioural changes, antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation products in the epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae.
No full textThe plants and animals in the soil ecosystem are negatively impacted by the regular use of chemical pesticides in agricultural areas. The usage of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) and the discharge of glyphosate residues into the soil environment have raised serious concerns over time. This intentional release of pesticides into the soil environment highlights how important it is to keep an eye on the herbicides' ecotoxicological risk assessment and minimize any potential negative consequences. The current study examines the harmful effects of the herbicide glyphosate on the earthworm Eudrillus eugeniae from this perspective. In the epigeic earthworm, E. eugeniae, the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the hepatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were selected as biomarkers. The results demonstrated that the sublethal exposure to glyphosate had a significant effect on these biomarkers' activity. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, such as conjugate diene and malondialdehyde, were also altered by exposure. Through its interactions with antioxidant enzymes, the current study further demonstrated that glyphosate is a chemical with oxidative potential
Exploring the Influence of Demographics, Awareness, and Inducing Factors on Preference of Railway Services
No full textThe railway is the largest and cheapest transportation facility for Indian passengers. The primary objective of the study was to develop a model to estimate the influence of demographic, awareness, and inducing factors on the preference for non-suburban stations. Pollachi Station is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in the Palakkad railway division of the Southern Railway zone. However, Pollachi station is not a primary transport hub among passengers due to its location, limited train services, and inadequate facilities. The study attempts to identify what kind of passengers are aware of and prefer the Pollachi railway services on the basis of demographic factors. The study is quantitative and empirical. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from passengers who regularly use Pollachi railway station. The study found that factors such as education up to higher secondary, income levels up to ₹15,000 and above ₹50,001, awareness of intermodality and technological features, and inducing factors like perceived service value positively influence the railway service preference. The study provides insights to the Indian Railway Ministry about passenger preference towards the NSG-5 level railway stations and services to enhance them
Reviving Intangible Cultural Heritage through Sustainable Tourism: The Case of the Kholey Dai Festival
No full textThe Kholey Dai Festival, celebrated annually in Parengtar village, Kalimpong district, West Bengal, India, demonstrates how community-driven cultural initiatives can align with sustainable tourism principles while preserving intangible cultural heritage. This study critically examines the festival’s contributions to cultural preservation, community-based tourism (CBT) development, and environmental sustainability. Using a mixed-methods approach including qualitative interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and quantitative surveys of visitors, vendors, and homestay providers. The findings reveal that the festival revitalises traditional music, dances, and agrarian rituals, while strengthening community pride and generating livelihood opportunities. Economically, the festival generated revenues that directly benefited households through homestays, food, and handicraft sales. Environmentally, the festival enforces a zero-waste policy. Nonetheless, challenges include infrastructure strain, carrying capacity limits, commercialisation risks, and uneven distribution of benefits. This paper situates Kholey Dai as a model of grassroots sustainable tourism with implications for rural festivals globally
Responsible Tourism Practices and Community Involvement in Darap, Sikkim: The Role of Local Communities in Ecotourism Development
No full textCommunity engagement in responsible tourism is critical for the sustainable development of destinations where residents can benefit from tourism activities. The community's perception regarding sustainable tourism can significantly impact residents' behaviours, attitudes, and involvement toward environmentally responsible practices. This study investigates and analyses community participation and RT practices at Darap, Sikkim, an acclaimed ecotourism and cultural destination, from the perspectives of the local community. Results indicate that residents perceive Darap's significant potential for development as a responsible ecotourism destination that provides tourism advantages. Local communities nevertheless only contribute an insignificant degree to the growth of ecotourism and responsible practices. About 48.2% of respondents are employed in the tourism industry, which is broadly consistent with the overall economic and social demographics of the local community. The main obstacles to community involvement and participation in ecotourism development are limited funds and knowledge, the absence of continued training, and capacity-building programs on responsible tourism practices, which need to be highlighted for sustainable destination development
Visitor Preferences of Landscape Components in Kashmir Region, India
No full textThis paper explores visitors' perceptions of landscape preferences in Kashmir, India. Using purposive sampling, data were gathered from 500 respondents through a self-administered questionnaire consisting mainly of closed-ended questions. Among them, 120 (24%) were foreign tourists, 251 (50.2%) domestic visitors, and 129 (25.8%) local excursionists. Vegetation ranked highest in visitor preference (score: 7.30), followed by heritage (6.93), landform (6.45), water (6.23), and builtform (2.42). Except for built form, significant differences were observed among visitor groups based on their origin. Additionally, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found between male and female preferences for primary landscape components, except for built form (p>0.05). These findings highlight how landscape preferences vary by visitor demographics, emphasising the need for landscape development plans that accommodate such differences. This is crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of fragile tourism destinations like Kashmir
Sustainable tourism and destination resilience in Nigeria’s tourism sector
No full textResilience emerged in tourism research due to the need for destinations to withstand unforeseen circumstances, beyond the disruption of destination activities. Some destinations fail to withstand environmental turbulence due to inadequate resilience skills and strategies, which sometimes forces destination practitioners to retrench workers, thereby creating more unemployment. These lapses occurred because the destinations lack an injector that could improve their sustainable tourism performance. The above vacuum prompted this study. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between sustainable tourism and destination resilience in southeastern Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected with a validated questionnaire from one hundred and eighty-four (184) participants at eight destinations in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. Three research hypotheses were developed from the literature review. The descriptive statistics were analysed in SPSS 25, while the research hypotheses were analysed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4. The study found that sustainable tourism has a significant positive relationship with destination resilience