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Social issues that negatively impact Information and Communication Technology integration in South African township schools
No full textThis qualitative study critically reviews social issues negatively impacting ICT integration in township schools. Reports have shown that township schools are mostly affected by various contextual factors, such as high crime rates and theft, to adopt technology in schools effectively. These factors appear to have become hindrances for teachers in successfully infusing ICT in township classrooms. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) conceptual framework was adopted to extend the above arguments. Further, the constructivist paradigm and case study research design were employed to guide this study. Ten secondary schools in the Umlazi district were purposively sampled for observations, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five principals and five School Governing Body members. Inductive data analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Findings showed that theft and burglary, vandalism, security issues, and poverty are severe social issues that affect ICT integration in township schools. I then argue that the government and the education stakeholders must improve security by installing high-quality security, such as cameras, building strong rooms or secure places for technology resources. In addition, community forums should be requested to prioritise schools’ safety. The community must be educated on the imperatives of ICTS in schools
Design and Development of a Capacitance Sensor for Gas/Gas or Gas/Liquid Void Fraction Detection
No full textA capacitance-based void fraction sensor was designed to detect a range of liquids and gases. The sensor comprises two semi-concave copper electrodes mounted on a hollow cylindrical glass tube. When a radio frequency signal is applied, variations in the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium cause measurable phase shifts in the signal. Experiments with tap water, distilled water, and ethanol showed that the phase shift is directly correlated with the dielectric constant of the liquid. To study gas-phase behaviour, measurements were carried out under mesoporous conditions (10% liquid and 90% gas flow), allowing characterisation of gas molecules based on their dielectric responses. Signal variations were captured using a digital storage oscilloscope, and the observed phase shifts were compared with theoretical values computed using Mathematica. The experimental findings closely matched the theoretical predictions, validating the sensor’s effectiveness in accurately detecting and monitoring liquid and gas flow in pipelines
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Quantum Chemical Analysis of (E)-2-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide: A Potential Candidate for Biological Applications
No full textThis study reports the synthesis, structural characterisati- on, and computational analysis of a novel compound, (E)-2-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine (EBEHC), synthesised via condensation of 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethano ne and thiosemicarbazide in methanol. Yellow single crystals were obtained through recrystallisation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that EBEHC crystallises in a monoclinic system (space group P21/c), with a unit cell volume of 1103.56 ų. Experimental and DFT-calculated geometries showed a strong correlation, with bond length and angle deviations within 0.02 Å and 3°, respectively. Conformational analysis identified R1(a) as the most stable conformer (energy: -9147715.587 kJ/mol), while R2(b) was the least stable (ΔE: +2874.87 kJ/mol). FT-IR and DFT analyses confirmed N–H stretching near 3444 cm⁻¹ and C–Br vibrations near 445 cm⁻¹. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed significant intermolecular interactions—hydrogen bonding (45.2%) and halogen contacts (19.4%). Molecular docking indicated favourable binding with cholesterol-reducing targets, suggesting potential anti-cholesterol properties. These findings highlight EBEHC’s promising structural, spectroscopic, and biological characteristics for future therapeutic applications
Understanding the influence of workplace ostracism on employee voice behaviour: The moderating role of psychological capital
No full textHuman evolution has led to detection of social exclusion cues and tendency to stay in the presence of other’s company. This study explores the influence of workplace ostracism on employee voice behaviour, and the moderating role of psychological capital, in the Indian context. In existing literature, Workplace ostracism, the isolation that certain employees experience has been found to have significant negative effects on individual and organizational outcomes like promotive and prohibitive voice behaviour, with paucity of research in the Indian context. The sample consists of (n=144) Indian employees. Spearman’s correlation between Workplace Ostracism and Employee Voice Behaviour was found to be “Very Low negative” correlation and statistically significant (r = -.160, p < .05). The findings aim to contribute in understanding potential impact of workplace ostracism and how training employees in factors of resilience, hope, self-efficacy, and optimism can help mitigate negative effects of ostracism. The insights can help organizations develop policies and interventions to address workplace ostracism and foster a more inclusive and empowered workforce
Tech-Driven Solutions for Enhancing Work-Life Balance and Wellbeing among C-Suite Women
No full textTechnology integration into professional environments has revolutionized how work-life balance and overall well-being are managed, particularly for women in C-Suite positions. This study comprehensively examines how tech-driven practices and solutions influence female executives' well-being, productivity, and work-life balance. Smart PLS 4 software was employed to analyze the intricate relationships between Technology, Well-being, and Work-life Balance using a quantitative methodology. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between technology adoption and improvements in well-being and work-life balance, with well-being as a key factor in enhancing work-life equilibrium. The constructs demonstrated strong reliability and validity, and low multicollinearity ensured that each element was accurately measured. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of technology in reducing job-family conflicts, increasing job satisfaction, enhancing career longevity, and fostering personal fulfillment. This study reinforces the importance of implementing technology-driven solutions to support women's professional success and personal well-being in executive roles, suggesting that these innovations are integral to fostering more equitable and sustainable leadership environments
Restorative Justice and Environmental Compensation: A Critical Evaluation of Law and Policy
No full textAddressing environmental challenges using the avenue of criminal law through retributive justice, has not been able to address the current ecological urgency for Nature restoration. Restorative justice as an alternative way of addressing environmental crises could prove to be more efficient. The quasi-decriminalization of several key environmental statutes through the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023, signifies a departure from the carceral system. Parallel to this development, nature restoration is being solidified through the adoption of the term in many international legal instruments as well as in national laws of other jurisdictions. This paper explores the interplay between restorative justice and restoration with the penalty and compensatory regime established by the Jan Vishwas Act, 2023 and the decisions of the National Green Tribunal. Several obstacles exist in the form of definitional uncertainty, lack of proper methodology for calculating environmental compensation for establishing a restorative justice system aided along with compensation. The lessons from Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority also beg the question of whether restoration can solely be achieved through environmental compensation
The Rise of Candida auris: A Review of a Globally Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen
No full textThe emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Candida auris poses a serious global public health threat. Since its identification in 2009, C. auris has rapidly spread worldwide and can cause difficult-to-treat nosocomial outbreaks and invasive infections with high mortality. C. auris exhibits frequent resistance to azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes, creating challenges for its clinical management. Its ability to persistently colonise patients and contaminate hospital environments also facilitates easy transmission. This review summarises current knowledge on C. Auris global epidemiology, mechanisms of antifungal resistance, limitations of current treatments, and emerging novel therapies under investigation. Ongoing research priorities include improving diagnostics, elucidating pathogenesis, developing new therapies, and optimising infection control. Mitigating the public health risks of this formidable fungal pathogen remains an urgent goal requiring focused efforts across multiple domains
Impact of NaCl on the morphology and biochemical aspects of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae)
No full textThe main objective of this investigation is to analyse NaCl-induced morphological and biochemical changes in Aedes albopictus. Ae. albopictus larvae were treated with distinct concentrations of NaCl to establish morphological as well as biochemical responses. Larval mortality was recorded after 24-hour exposure period to determine the LC50 value by using Probit Analysis, IBM’s SPSS 29 Programme and Student’s t-test. The NaCl solution caused a notable mortality after 24h experimental period. The LC50 value of NaCl in Ae. albopictus was found to be 1.7% and hence the sub-lethal dose, 1.3% NaCl, was used for further analyses. Morphological studies of eggs and fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus displayed severe morphological alterations in the treated samples as contrasted with those of the untreated groups. In the fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus,the total protein, total free amino acid and major antioxidant enzymes such as GST and GPx were found to be increased, and the activities of SOD, CAT and AChE were substantially declined as compared with those of the control group. NaCl adversely affects the growth and development of Ae. albopictus and leads to mortality due to metabolic as well as biochemical imbalances