Christ University Bengaluru: Open Journal Systems
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A Blockchain Framework for Securing Ambient Health Care Systems
Get PDFIn the world of wearable technology, smart homes and cities, innovation continues to thrive. Computing is pervasive, and ambient computing is ubiquitous integration of computer into the background of everyday environments and situations. With contact-free sensors and wearables that require interaction, ambient computing is increasingly finding use in the healthcare industry. This ubiquitous nature of ambient computing raises concerns on privacy, confidentiality, data protection, informed consent and fairness. The continuous collection of massive health care data not only unobtrusively monitors the health condition of the patient and trajectory for high quality care but also has a detrimental effect in terms of privacy, bias and fairness. This paper discusses the main ethical issues in ambient health care systems and explores the blockchain based solutions for ambient health care systems emphasizing on patient dignity and autonomy. Furthermore, a secure EHR access using RBAC and Cryptographic techniques for the responsible development and use of ambient health care systems is proposed in this research work
Parents’ Awareness, Forms, and Extent of Participation in Supporting Pre-Primary Schools' Feeding Programmes in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study examined parents’ awareness, forms and extent of participation in supporting pre-primary schools’ feeding programmes. Data were collected in Mvomero District, where pre-primary schools employ a variety of school-feeding practices. A mixed research approach was used to gather qualitative and quantitative data from 130 respondents. Data were collected using focus group discussions, interviews, and questionnaires involving head teachers, teachers, district education officers, ward education officers, parents, and school committee members. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive analysis, while qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that most parents did not visit the school to evaluate and monitor the programme; moreover, their contribution level in terms of money (36%) and materials (20%) was also low. The only activity in which most parents engaged was joint planning for the programme (70.0%), usually done at the beginning of the programme. The study concluded that most parents did not adequately fulfil their roles in supporting the implementation of school-feeding programmes. The study recommends intervention by the government and development stakeholders to educate parents on playing their part according to national guidelines for school feeding. This will help prevent school-age children from vulnerability to malnutrition and enhance sustainable growth and practical learning
Comparison of Traditional Cox Proportional Hazard Model with Machine Learning Models for Survival Analysis in Predicting Risk of Death due to Heart Failure
No full text Risk of death due to heart failure can depend on different biological or anatomical details of the patients. In this paper we used a dataset containing medical records of 299 patients who were monitored over a certain period. Though Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model is the most conventional approach while analyzing survival data, machine learning (ML) models are also being used recently. The problem with these ML methods is that they do not take ‘censoring’ into account. To incorporate censoring, especially right censoring, here in this article we have used Random Survival Forest Model, Gradient Boosted Model and Survival Support Vector Machine to predict the risk of death due to heart failure and compared their performances with traditional CPH model by Harrell’s Concordance index and time dependent AUC. At the end of the study, it is seen that traditional CPH model performs better than rest of the ML techniques
Determinants of Drought Risk Reduction Adoption Decisions: A Case Study of Gwembe Rural Communities-Zambia
Get PDFLike any other natural hazards, the frequency and intensity of drought events are increasingly being understood within the context of global climate variability. The subsequent growing emphasis on disaster risk management entails adopting risk reduction initiatives for resilience building. The study aimed to establish perceived determinants of household adoption decisions of drought risk reduction strategies in Gwembe rural. An interpretative paradigm underpinned this study, with a qualitative approach confined to a case study. The study engaged 140 participants selected through purposive and convenience sampling and subjected to open-ended, in-depth interviews. The study utilised thematic data analysis with the aid of Nvivo Pro 12. Findings showed that determinants of drought risk reduction adoption decisions were predominantly socio-economic, environmental and institutional based. It was concluded that some interconnectedness existed between perceived determinants of adoption decisions and constraints faced in adopting risk reduction initiatives. Additionally, low adoption and high levels of no adoption tendencies affected the progression of resilience building to future drought events. A project planning approach incorporating strategies for addressing significant constraints and adopting risk reduction was recommended.
The Challenges of Harnessing Migration for Economic Development in Africa: A Literature Review
No full textMigration in post-colonial Africa has become an essential source of economic development. However, for some countries, it has also threatened national security. This paper examines the challenges preventing Africa from harnessing migration for economic development. The paper contends that while one cannot ignore migration's economic potential, African countries struggle to leverage migration for economic development. Reviewing literature as a data source, this paper found that a lack of political will, national vs continental interests, and the lack of social integration policies coupled with widespread political instability are significant problems that give rise to Africa's struggle to consolidate migration for economic development. The paper concludes that without effective policies, Africa will continue to miss the economic benefits of migration
A Study on Cosmological Model of Anisotropic Universe with Electromagnetic Field and Cloud Strings in the Frame Work of General Relativity
Get PDFIn this study, we have investigated the Bianchi type-III anisotropic cosmological model in the presence of cloud strings with the electromagnetic field in the general theory of relativity. Exact solutions of field equations are obtained using the fact that shear scalar is proportional to scalar expansion and constant decelerating parameter, which is derived from the variation law of Hubble parameter proposed by Berman(Nuovo Cimento B 74, 182 (1983))and linearly varying decelerating parameter proposed by Akarsu and Dereli(International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 51,612(2012)). The dynamics and significance of the physical parameters of the model are discussed using a graphical representation of these parameters. The dynamics and significance of the physical parameters of the models are discussed
Enhanced Nickel Removal from Aqueous Solutions using Chemically Modified Tabeubea Rosea Leaves Powder as Biosorbent
No full textThe current study explored batch testing to adsorb Ni(II) onto Tabeubea rosea leaves activated by zinc chloride (TRZCAC), assessing parameters like contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. Characterization via BET, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA analyses revealed TRZCAC's surface area (693.113 m2/g) and morphology. Optimal conditions were determined as pH 6, 0.5g adsorbent dose, 120 min adsorption time, and 50 mg L-1 Ni(II) concentration, yielding a 91.29% removal and 22.47 mg/g adsorption capacity. Pseudo-second-order kinetics described adsorption, which was spontaneous and exothermic. Freundlich isotherm and second-order kinetics best fit the data. The findings suggest TRZCAC as a potential eco-friendly biosorbent for Ni(II) removal from wastewater, owing to its effective adsorption capacity and favorable operating conditions
Effect of Simarouba glauca Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Growth, Immunological, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Oreochromis Niloticus
No full textThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca on the growth, haematology, immunological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Concentrations ranging from 2500mg /kg to 7500mg/kg were supplemented through diet. Fishes were fed with C1(2500 mg of plant extract/kg of basal diet), C2 (5000 mg/kg of basal diet) and C3 (2500 mg/kg of basal diet), each with two replicates for 60 days. The results showed that fish-fed dietary Simarouba glauca gained more weight in C1 (83.14 ±1.11 g) than control (P< 0.01). Fish fed with C1 had a higher level of haematological content, while C3 showed the highest value of WBC (33.79±3.11). Significant increase in glucose level and decrease in protein level is reported at C1. Better results were reported in fish fed with diets 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg, revealing that at lower specific concentrations, these can be used as a feed supplement