Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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SBAS APPROACH AND ITS COMPARISON WITH OTHER TYPES OF APPROACH
No full textThis paper discusses SBAS approach based on GNSS with aim to compare it with other systems. The first part addresses the basics of SBAS and approaches conducted using SBAS. The second part offers basic comparison of SBAS approach to APV Baro, ILS and GBAS
Sanctions against Bohemian Royal Towns in 1547 in the Context of Habsburg Policy in the First Half of the 16th Century (the “Ghent Verdict“ in the Political Propaganda of the Estates Revolt)
No full textAt the time of the Bohemian Estates Revolt in the year 1547, the Czech translation of a verdict from the year 1540, in which Emperor Charles V of Habsburg punished the present-day Belgian town of Ghent which had rejected the Emperor‘s tax demands, was published and disseminated in the press in Prague. Under the threat of a military attack, the citizens of Ghent decided to surrender to the Emperor, and expected negotiations about the payment of the monarchal financial demands to follow. However, having occupied the town with military force, Charles V seized all of the municipal property and handed down a harsh verdict with long-term consequences. This text was known in older Czech literature, but the circumstances and time of its origin were mistakenly assumed to be the very beginnings of the organized revolt in March 1547. On the basis of new research into the progress of the Estates Revolt, the author determines the origin of this material to be June 1547, i.e. the period after the Battle of Mühlberg, when most of the aristocratic part of the Bohemian Estates Revolt had reached an agreement with King Ferdinand, and the Bohemian royal towns remained the King‘s last potential opponents. The author compares the sanctions by King Ferdinand of Habsburg against the Bohemian royal towns (which, in 1547, had accepted the monarch‘s promises in good faith, just like Ghent) with the long-term anti-municipal policy of the Habsburgs, as well as with Emperor Charles V‘s actions in 1546 against Imperial towns that were members of the Schmalkaldic League.At the time of the Bohemian Estates Revolt in the year 1547, the Czech translation of a verdict from the year 1540, in which Emperor Charles V of Habsburg punished the present-day Belgian town of Ghent which had rejected the Emperor‘s tax demands, was published and disseminated in the press in Prague. Under the threat of a military attack, the citizens of Ghent decided to surrender to the Emperor, and expected negotiations about the payment of the monarchal financial demands to follow. However, having occupied the town with military force, Charles V seized all of the municipal property and handed down a harsh verdict with long-term consequences. This text was known in older Czech literature, but the circumstances and time of its origin were mistakenly assumed to be the very beginnings of the organized revolt in March 1547. On the basis of new research into the progress of the Estates Revolt, the author determines the origin of this material to be June 1547, i.e. the period after the Battle of Mühlberg, when most of the aristocratic part of the Bohemian Estates Revolt had reached an agreement with King Ferdinand, and the Bohemian royal towns remained the King‘s last potential opponents. The author compares the sanctions by King Ferdinand of Habsburg against the Bohemian royal towns (which, in 1547, had accepted the monarch‘s promises in good faith, just like Ghent) with the long-term anti-municipal policy of the Habsburgs, as well as with Emperor Charles V‘s actions in 1546 against Imperial towns that were members of the Schmalkaldic League
Exceptionality or Normality? Everyday Life During the Great War in Pressburg/Bratislava
No full textThe paper focuses on changes in the policy and everyday life practices during the Great War in Pressburg, one of the provincial cities of the Hungarian part of the Austria-Hungary. The strategic geographical location of the city on the state border of Austria and Hungary became problematic during and especially at the end of the war. Regarding the multiethnic character of the city, not only the declaration of loyalty to the state became a problem, but the decision process whether this city will belong to the new state of Czechoslovakia, or to Hungary.The paper focuses on changes in the policy and everyday life practices during the Great War in Pressburg, one of the provincial cities of the Hungarian part of the Austria-Hungary. The strategic geographical location of the city on the state border of Austria and Hungary became problematic during and especially at the end of the war. Regarding the multiethnic character of the city, not only the declaration of loyalty to the state became a problem, but the decision process whether this city will belong to the new state of Czechoslovakia, or to Hungary
Zaolzie (Olsaland) 1945. On Polish historiography and historiographical controversions
No full textZaolzie – a part of Cieszyn/Teschen Silesia – was always known as a conflicted area between Poland and Czechoslovakia, specially in the years 1918–1920, 1938, 1939–1945 (in exile) and 1945–1947. Because of the political situation, the objective reconstruction of the last conflict, started in the May 1945, was until the changes in Central Eastern Europe in 1989 impossible. The real breakthrough was the book of Marek Kamiński Polish Czechoslovak political relations 1945–1948 edited in 1990, which opened up a discussion about this forgotten period. Now, thanks to the books by Kamiński, Nowak, and Friedl a lot of so called“white patches” in the history of Zaolzie after WW II are dissolved. Probably the new facts about Zaolzie and the Polish minority in Czechoslovakia we can find only in the Russian archives. On the other hand, the historiography is still “bombed” by amateurish works which are typical example of the local emotions on the borderlands.Zaolzie – a part of Cieszyn/Teschen Silesia – was always known as a conflicted area between Poland and Czechoslovakia, specially in the years 1918–1920, 1938, 1939–1945 (in exile) and 1945–1947. Because of the political situation, the objective reconstruction of the last conflict, started in the May 1945, was until the changes in Central Eastern Europe in 1989 impossible. The real breakthrough was the book of Marek Kamiński Polish Czechoslovak political relations 1945–1948 edited in 1990, which opened up a discussion about this forgotten period. Now, thanks to the books by Kamiński, Nowak, and Friedl a lot of so called“white patches” in the history of Zaolzie after WW II are dissolved. Probably the new facts about Zaolzie and the Polish minority in Czechoslovakia we can find only in the Russian archives. On the other hand, the historiography is still “bombed” by amateurish works which are typical example of the local emotions on the borderlands
The Activity of Col. GS Oldřich Španiel in the USA in 1939–1941
No full textDuring the Second World War, the Czechoslovak exile authorities were building military units which should have supported the efforts of the anti-fascist coalition. Shortly after the beginning of the war, colonel of the General Staff Oldřich Španiel was sent out to the USA to recruit among the local compatriot colonies and obtain the ranks for these units. The study deals with the ways of his work, co-operation with the local authorities, the relations among compatriots and the reasons why the results of the recruitment were relatively weak. During the Second World War, the Czechoslovak exile authorities were building military units which should have supported the efforts of the anti-fascist coalition. Shortly after the beginning of the war, colonel of the General Staff Oldřich Španiel was sent out to the USA to recruit among the local compatriot colonies and obtain the ranks for these units. The study deals with the ways of his work, co-operation with the local authorities, the relations among compatriots and the reasons why the results of the recruitment were relatively weak. 
ORGANIZATION OF WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE
No full textPříspěvek je zaměřen na zimní údržbu pozemních komunikací. Uvádí základní právní předpisy ČR k zimní údržbě. Seznamuje s vlastníky a správci pozemních komunikací a s pořadím důležitosti pro provádění zimní údržby. Dále prezentuje jednotlivé technologie zimní údržby. Uvádí fáze zimní údržby - opatření před zahájením zimní údržby, vlastní zimní údržbu a vyhodnocení zimní údržby. V rámci vlastní zimní údržby jsou uvedeny možnosti její optimalizace.The paper presents on the winter maintenance of roads. Introduces basic laws of the Czech Republic for winter maintenance. Acquaints with owners and managers of roads and rank the importance of winter maintenance. Also presents the various technologies of winter maintenance. Phase states winter maintenance - the measures before the start of winter maintenance, proper winter maintenance winter maintenance and evaluation. Within its own winter maintenance are possibilities of its optimization
IMAGE GENERATOR´S IMPACT ON STUDENT - PILOT´S VISUAL APPROACH ON SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE
No full textSprávne a hlavne realistické zobrazenie terénu – kopce, moria, budovy, dráha, oblačnosť – zohrávajú dôležitú úlohu pri výcviku žiaka-pilota na letovom simulátore. V dôsledku toho sa tento výskum zameral na vyhodnotenie výsledkov u žiaka-pilota pri lete na letovom simulátore s použitím dvoch rozličných generátorov obrazu. Lety sa uskutočnili za rovnakých meteorologických podmienok pre vybrané letové úlohy. Účel tohto výskumu je zameraný na určenie možných vylepšení pre generátory obrazu používane pri výcviku na letových simulátoroch, ktoré budú čo najlepšie zobrazovať reálne podmienky s tými, ktoré tvoria násloedne výstup na obrazovke letového simulátora.Real visual motion has a significant impact on pilot-student during its flight training on simulation device. Therefore, the research is based on the comparison of two different image generators in order to evaluate their performance during the same flight conditions. The results of research will be helpful for further suggestion of future improvements related to image generators in order to ensure the best option for real external image of terrain that is essential for safe flight
FREQUENCIES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES IN REGIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
No full textDůležitou součástí dopravních analýz je hodnocení dopravní dostupnosti. Nejrůznější ukazatele se využívají jak pro individuální tak i pro hromadnou dopravu. Nicméně ukazatele pro hodnocení dostupnosti veřejnou dopravou se často liší od metrik pro dostupnost individuální dopravou a to hlavně z důvodu nedostatku vhodných dat. V článku je hodnoceno jedno z kritérií, kterým jsou četnosti spojení veřejnou hromadnou dopravou ve vybraných časových intervalech během dne. K hodnocení se využívají jak autobusové, tak i vlakové dopravní spojení mezi obcemi v České republice s využitím programu TRAM a ukazují na různou úroveň dostupnosti v průběhu dne a taky na rozdíly v dostupnosti mezi jednotlivými kraji. Hodnocen je také vztah mezi vzdáleností a počtem spojení, kdy rovněž tento vztah se mění jak v čase, tak i mezi kraji.Transport accessibility assessment is an important part of transport analyses. Various metrics have been used for both individual and mass transport systems. Nevertheless metrics for individual transport often differ from metrics for mass transport due to lack of data sources. The paper addresses analysis of public transport accessibility using frequencies of public transport connections in selected time intervals during one day. Both, bus and train connections between all municipalities in the Czech Republic are analysed using developed software TRAM. The frequency analysis shows significant differences of the level of accessibility during a day and among regions. The relationships between distances and number of connections are also analysed and these relationships are also variable in time and among regions
SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN – WHERE TO ALLOCATE LOGISTICS FACILITY
No full textCurrent market condition make companies searching for every possibility how to better satisfy their customers either by higher level and scope of logistics services or by lower price than competitors. Supply chain design plays a key role in meeting corporate and supply chain strategy as establish a framework in which operation could be realised. Therefore it highly influences rate of customer satisfaction and efficiency not only of one company but of a whole supply chain. Supply chain design is a complex problem requiring involvement wide range of quantitative and qualitative factors. Regrettably, mainly quantitative ones are used as they can be more easily gathered and processes. Moreover, the fact that supply chain design has long been the area of operation research science concertation on quantitative data that could be incorporated into mathematical models prevailed among researchers. Therefore, authors of this paper want to outline the complexity of factors in both aspect quantitative and qualitative ones that should be used within supply chain design
METHODOLOGY OF STANDARDIZING THE QUALITY IN SUBURBAN BUS TRANSPORT AND ITS APLICATION IN SLOVAKIA – TOTAL APPROACH
No full textThe article deals the standardization of the quality level in suburban bus transport in the total approach. The procedures respect the legislative requirements which are valid in the Slovak Republic. There are applied the proposed methods to specific measurement results of expectation and perception of the quality of the passengers with the help of service quality loop. The results are objectified with the measurements of controllers in a significant transport hub of northern Slovakia. This approach is not yet applied in the Slovak Republic