Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Ethnogenesis of the Slavs: Old and New Questions and Disputes
No full textThe ethnogenesis of the Slavs still belongs to the unresolved problems of contemporary science. In the past, a number of theories on the original Slavic homeland came into being. The first complex theory was introduced by Lubor Niederle, who located the original Slavic settlements in the territory around the Carpathian arc, between the Vistula and the Dnieper Rivers. Even nowadays, there are several theories. “The Vistula-Odra theory” looks for the original homeland of the Slavs in the territory of today’s Poland, and the roots of the Slavic ethnic group in the Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures. “The Dnieper theory” searches for the original Slavic region in Eastern Europe, on the Middle Dnieper, and the roots of the Slavic ethnogenesis in the Kiev and Zarubino cultures.The ethnogenesis of the Slavs still belongs to the unresolved problems of contemporary science. In the past, a number of theories on the original Slavic homeland came into being. The first complex theory was introduced by Lubor Niederle, who located the original Slavic settlements in the territory around the Carpathian arc, between the Vistula and the Dnieper Rivers. Even nowadays, there are several theories. “The Vistula-Odra theory” looks for the original homeland of the Slavs in the territory of today’s Poland, and the roots of the Slavic ethnic group in the Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures. “The Dnieper theory” searches for the original Slavic region in Eastern Europe, on the Middle Dnieper, and the roots of the Slavic ethnogenesis in the Kiev and Zarubino cultures
The Fall of an Imperial Ambassador: Count Georg Adam von Martinitz and His Recall from Rome
No full textThe paper discusses the changes in the diplomatic relations between Rome and Vienna during the embassy tenure of Count Georg Adam von Martinitz (1696–1700). The series of his conflicts with the Holy See (e.g., the scandal at the Corpus Christi procession, the affairs of the imperial feuds in Italy and finally a poisoning attempt) deteriorated his situation at the Roman Curia. That resulted in his being denied Papal audiences and the recall of Martinitz from Rome. But it should have been anticipated by his relatives in Vienna. Martinitz received another Imperial Court posting, although he was not satisfied with it. Although he inherited most of these conflicts, he was not able to dissolve them; in fact, he made some of them worse. His successor, Count Leopold Joseph von Lamberg, arrived to Rome with the task “to put water on the fire”. But it was not an easy task, especially on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession.The paper discusses the changes in the diplomatic relations between Rome and Vienna during the embassy tenure of Count Georg Adam von Martinitz (1696–1700). The series of his conflicts with the Holy See (e.g., the scandal at the Corpus Christi procession, the affairs of the imperial feuds in Italy and finally a poisoning attempt) deteriorated his situation at the Roman Curia. That resulted in his being denied Papal audiences and the recall of Martinitz from Rome. But it should have been anticipated by his relatives in Vienna. Martinitz received another Imperial Court posting, although he was not satisfied with it. Although he inherited most of these conflicts, he was not able to dissolve them; in fact, he made some of them worse. His successor, Count Leopold Joseph von Lamberg, arrived to Rome with the task “to put water on the fire”. But it was not an easy task, especially on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession
THE POSSIBILITIES FOR MODELLING OF BUS CIRCULATION IN THE CASE OF TRANSPORT SERVICE
No full textPříspěvek je zaměřen na možnosti tvorby oběhů autobusů při zajištění dopravní obslužnosti obce nebo dopravní obslužnosti kraje. Nutnou podmínkou řešení této optimalizační úlohy je obsadit požadovaným druhem autobusu všechny spoje uvedené v jízdním řádu. Cílem řešení je minimalizovat počet autobusů a minimalizovat neproduktivní jízdy, které lze ohodnotit kritérii vzdálenost, doba trvání a provozní náklady.The paper is focused on possibilities for design of bus circulation in the case of transport service in the frame of a municipality or of a region. Necessary condition is to allocate a bus of adequate type to all connections declared in time schedule in the case of this optimization task. The aim of the solution is to minimize number of buses as well as to minimize volume of unproductive drives. Unproductive drives are evaluated by criterions of distance, time duration (travel time) and operational costs
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DRY FRICTION OF PISTON RINGS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
No full textThe aim of the article is to experimentally evaluate the contact area and to compare the measured results with different contact model theories. The experiment takes advantage of the electrical contact resistivity principle in a dry piston/cylinder liner test rig assembly. Analytical contact models are implemented into the computational simulation. The calculated contact area depends on the dynamics and precomputed database of contact pressure and contact area in relation to the separation distance of surfaces
QUICK PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THEIR TRANSPORTATION BY ROAD TRAFFIC AT DISRUPTION TRANSPORT ROAD
No full textKaždá rýchlo sa kaziaca potravina musí spĺňať svoje štandardy na konzumáciu. V prípade, že nie sú dodržané, dochádza k jej znehodnoteniu. Kvalita týchto štandardov musí byť okrem iného zabezpečená aj rýchlou prepravou rýchlo sa kaziacich potravín. Bezpečná a rýchla preprava rýchlo sa kaziacich potravín je neoddeliteľnou súčasťou cestnej prepravy tovaru. Táto preprava vyžaduje splnenie špecifických podmienok stanovených v právnych predpisoch. Príspevok je zameraný na problematiku prepravy rýchlo sa kaziacich potravín, a v prípade narušenia dopravnej siete aj na návrh optimálnej prepravnej trasy.Each quick perishable foodstuffs must meet their standards on consummation. In the event that they are not met, there is the change to her devalued. The quality of these standards must be ensured, among other things, by the rapid transport of quick perishable foodstuffs. Safe and fast transport of quick perishable foodstuffs is an integral part of road freight transport. This transport requires the fulfilment of the specific conditions laid down in the legislation. The paper focuses on the issue of transport the quick perishable foodstuffs, and in the case of disturbance of the transport network, also on the design of the optimal transport route
“An Ancient System of Caste”: How the British Law against Caste Depends on Orientalism
No full textIn 2010 the UK became the first jurisdiction in the West to enact a provision in anti-discrimination law based on caste. Parliamentarians justified the insertion of a provision against caste discrimination in the Equality Act 2010 on the assumption that a caste system exists in the UK’s Indian diaspora. While that merely gave a power to the Minister to implement the provision, an amendment to the Act made in 2013 made implementation obligatory. Indian community organisations had no real way of arguing against the provision. They were handicapped by the fact that if they resisted it they would be branded as complicit in caste discrimination – as has been alleged by parliamentarians backing the law – or practitioners of a form of apartheid. This article argues that the legislation is underpinned by dubious and insubstantial research. The absence of a credible research base meant that for the first time in the history of anti-discrimination law in the UK, parliament proceeded to legislate on the assumption that a problem exists. Equally troubling was the acceptance among proponents that an adequate conceptualization of a supposed problem, including defining caste, could be dealt with retrospectively, once legislation was in place. Further no case was made that a mechanism like the Equality Act is appropriate for caste discrimination. Legislators seemed largely ignorant of, or simply misrepresented, laws prevailing in South Asian countries. In parallel to the legislation and despite the lack of implementation as yet, the article also discusses how case law has proceeded to incorporate caste discrimination by reading it into the provision of the existing legislation. The effort of including caste in law, whether through legislation or case law presupposes and imports ideas of the caste system that rest on shaky foundations. The stereotype of the caste system goes back to Christian theological accounts of India, developed further in Orientalist accounts during the colonial period, and is incorporated in the social sciences today. These ideas led to the notions that the Indian social structure is morally corrupt and racist, notions that continue to strongly condition contemporary thinking on caste as reflected in the development in UK law.In 2010 the UK became the first jurisdiction in the West to enact a provision in anti-discrimination law based on caste. Parliamentarians justified the insertion of a provision against caste discrimination in the Equality Act 2010 on the assumption that a caste system exists in the UK’s Indian diaspora. While that merely gave a power to the Minister to implement the provision, an amendment to the Act made in 2013 made implementation obligatory. Indian community organisations had no real way of arguing against the provision. They were handicapped by the fact that if they resisted it they would be branded as complicit in caste discrimination – as has been alleged by parliamentarians backing the law – or practitioners of a form of apartheid. This article argues that the legislation is underpinned by dubious and insubstantial research. The absence of a credible research base meant that for the first time in the history of anti-discrimination law in the UK, parliament proceeded to legislate on the assumption that a problem exists. Equally troubling was the acceptance among proponents that an adequate conceptualization of a supposed problem, including defining caste, could be dealt with retrospectively, once legislation was in place. Further no case was made that a mechanism like the Equality Act is appropriate for caste discrimination. Legislators seemed largely ignorant of, or simply misrepresented, laws prevailing in South Asian countries. In parallel to the legislation and despite the lack of implementation as yet, the article also discusses how case law has proceeded to incorporate caste discrimination by reading it into the provision of the existing legislation. The effort of including caste in law, whether through legislation or case law presupposes and imports ideas of the caste system that rest on shaky foundations. The stereotype of the caste system goes back to Christian theological accounts of India, developed further in Orientalist accounts during the colonial period, and is incorporated in the social sciences today. These ideas led to the notions that the Indian social structure is morally corrupt and racist, notions that continue to strongly condition contemporary thinking on caste as reflected in the development in UK law
MEASURES TO ENSURE E FFECTIVE AND CORRECT BRAKING OF ROAD VEHI CLES
No full textČlánek se zabývá problematikou brzd a brzdění silničních vozidel. Autor zde uvádí právní předpisy Evropské unie a České republiky, které upravují problematiku schvalování technické způsobilosti a technické kontroly brzdového systému. Příspěvek popisuje jednotlivé fáze brzdění vozidla. Upozorňuje na nutnost dodržování bezpečného odstupu mezi vozidly a uvádí sankce za jeho nedodržení. Podrobněji se věnuje reakční době řidiče a opatřením, která ji příznivě ovlivňují. V článku jsou uvedeny vzorce pro výpočet hlavních ukazatelů brzdění.The paper deals with the problematics of brakes and braking of road vehicles. Author states law regulations of the EU and the Czech Republic, which are related to the approval of technical competence and technical inspection of braking system. The paper describes all stages of braking process. It’s highlighting the need of keeping safe following distance between vehicles. There are also stated sanctions for non-compliance. More detail is dedicated the driver’s response time and measures with positive impact on it. In the paper are stated formulas for calculation of basic braking indicators
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF THE OFF ROAD CAR FORTRESS BUMPER FOR THE HAULING MACHINE MOUNTING
No full textČlánok sa v prvej časti zaoberá legislatívnymi požiadavkami na pevnostné doplnky určené k montáži na terénne automobily. V druhej časti je predstavený konštrukčný návrh pevnostnej časti zadného nárazníka, ktorý bude vybavený ťažným navijakom a použitý na terénnom automobile Nissan Patrol tak, aby boli splnené všetky požiadavky, ktoré sú kladené v zmysle zákonov pri úprave vozidla a nahradení dielu, aby vozidlo aj po úprave spĺňalo všetky príslušné normy a nariadenia v rámci SR.The first part of this article deals with the legislative about fortress accessory for mounting on off-road vehicles. In the next part the engineering design of the rear fortress bumper is introduced. It will be equipped with hauling machine and mounted on the Nissan Patrol vehicle so that all essential legislative requirements will be fulfilled. The car modification and also change. These requirements are related to the car modification and also replacement of particular parts.
 
RADIAL TYRE DEFLECTION OF ROAD VEHICLE IN DEPENDENCE ON TEMPERATURE
No full textThe paper deals with the tyre deflection of the road vehicle in dependence on the temperature. It also processes the issue of inflating a tyre of road vehicle with nitrogen and whether it has noticeable influence to the magnitude of tyre deflection. The paper evaluates the magnitude of deformation of the tyre in dependence on the different temperatures of the vehicle wheel, which has been heated up to a temperature of 80 °C
UNIVERSAL TOOL FOR DATA ANALYSIS
No full textThis article describes the main parts of an open and universal data analysis software TeleMatrix V3 based on MATLAB. It helps simplify and speed up most of the processes of the measurement data evaluation