Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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More Than Mere Metamorphoses: Animals in Charles W. Chesnutt’s Conjure Stories
No full textThis contribution will apply the theory of Animal Studies, an inter-disciplinary field which encompasses, among many other areas, literary studies. In the African American conjure fiction written by Charles Chesnutt, the animal behavior, human-nonhuman animal interactions, anthropomorphic representations of animals and the expanding ethical considerations (beyond human dimensions) will be examined. Applying Animal Studies to literary texts means in effect synthesizing writing on animals and charting their connections to human consciousness and human action toward the nonhuman world. Charles Chesnutt’s fourteen conjure tales were written largely in dialect in the 1880s and 1890s and are set in a Southern plantation community. They include enslaved humans who undergo metamorphoses into various animals, some animals under the supernatural control of conjurers and finally the various animals to be consumed under ethically questionable circumstances within the slave community. The attempts at resolution to conflicts is said to reverberate in black culture well after slavery had ended, according to the black narrator
Political activity of widows as an example of shaping cliental dependencies in the second half of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
No full textWomen played a significant role in the social life of old Poland. Widows, protected by privilegesand secured with property ownership, had a solid influence on the formation of cliental ties. Their role took on a dual character in this process, since they acted as both guardians of their clients and supplicants appealing to their own patrons for protection in pursuing or settling important matters for themselves, their relatives or family. The second half of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries witnessed the ascent of a group of influential widows, who were eager to engage in state affairs, wanting to gain power and prestige for members of their family.Women played a significant role in the social life of old Poland. Widows, protected by privilegesand secured with property ownership, had a solid influence on the formation of cliental ties. Their role took on a dual character in this process, since they acted as both guardians of their clients and supplicants appealing to their own patrons for protection in pursuing or settling important matters for themselves, their relatives or family. The second half of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries witnessed the ascent of a group of influential widows, who were eager to engage in state affairs, wanting to gain power and prestige for members of their family
LONGITUDINAL PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF RWD VEHICLE
No full textThe longitudinal performance of a vehicle is the ability to achieve the highest longitudinal acceleration on the given road surface and tyres. The engine is capable of high torque delivery especially in low vehicle speed. A pre-emptive controller has been deployed to control the torque delivery where tyres are being used in their peak friction area
METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING SHAPE OF THE VESSEL IN RESTRICTED DEPTH NAVIGATION CONDITION
No full textKlimatické zmeny v posledných rokoch významne ovplyvňujú plavbu na vnútrozemských vodných cestách medzinárodného významu. Hlavným problémom, ktorý vplýva na plynulosť obchodnej plavby je kolísanie výšky vodnej hladiny. Problémom je nie len nízka, ale aj vysoká vodná hladina. Obidva extrémy majú za následok plavebné obmedzenia, čoho dôsledkom je zníženie spoľahlivosť vodnej dopravy. Jednou z možností, ako zvýšiť spoľahlivosť je aj optimalizácia tvaru trupu plavidiel. Ide najmä o optimalizáciu trupu plavidla pre plavbu na vodných cestách s nízkou vodnou hladinou. Obmedzený plavebný ponor zásadne limituje plavbu najmä v letnom období. Optimalizácia tvaru trupu je proces, ktorý sa skladá z viacerých krokov, na konci ktorých je možné porovnať optimalizovaný tvar trupu s tým pôvodným. Proces optimalizácie je závislý od správneho definovania vstupných elementov. Na optimalizáciu sa najčastejšie používa CFD analýza. Princíp spočíva z vytvorenia výpočtovej domény, ktorá pozostáva zo skutočného geometrického modelu a diskretizhovaného tvaru, z definície hraničných podmienok, z nastavenia fyzikálnych vlastností a príslušných výpočtových metód.In recent years, climate change has had a significant impact on inland waterways of international importance. The main problem affecting the continuity of navigation is the fluctuation of water level. The problem is not only low but also high water levels. Both extremes result in navigation restrictions, resulting in reduced reliability of water transport. One of the ways to increase reliability is also to optimize the shape of the hull of vessels. This concerns the optimization of the vessel\u27s hull for navigation on waterways with a low water level. Restricted navigational draft significantly limits navigation especially in summer. Hull shape optimization is a process that consists of several steps at the end of which it is possible to compare the optimized hull shape to the original one. The optimization process depends on the correct definition of the input elements. CFD analysis is most often used for optimization. The principle is to create a computational domain that consists of a real geometric model and a discretized shape, a definition of boundary conditions, a set of physical properties, and appropriate computational methods
ASSESSMENT OF THREATS OF KEY ELEMENTS IN SUBSECTOR THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF WATER TRANSPORTATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
No full textČlánok pojednáva o vnútrozemskej vodnej doprave v Slovenskej republike,zameriava sa na kľúčové prvky, ktoré môžu byť čiastočne alebo úplne vyradené z prevádzky z dôvodu pôsobenia negatívnych vplyvov prírodných živlov. Autori posúdili jednotlivé ohrozenia a na najzávažnejšie navrhli možné opatrenia na zníženie rizika vzniku mimoriadnej udalosti.Paper deals the inland waterway transport in the Slovak Republic, focusing on the key elements that can be partially or completely out of service due to the negative effects of natural elements. The authors assessed individual threats and, to the most serious, authors have suggested possible measures to reduce the risk of occurrence of an extraordinary event
HARMONIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN THE INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
No full textNedostatok kvalifikovaných pracovných síl je jednou z najväčších hrozieb pre udržateľnosť a rozvoj vnútrozemskej vodnej dopravy. V dôsledku uvedomenia si dôležitosti situácie vzniká potreba koordinovaného úsilia zo strany všetkých zúčastnených strán tohto priemyselného odvetvia, Európskeho spoločenstva, riečnych komisií, členských štátov i ďalších zodpovedných strán. Zjednodušenie a harmonizovanie legislatívy v oblasti kompetencií, vzdelávania a kvalifikácie, vrátane ich vzájomného uznávania prostredníctvom prijatia Smernice (EÚ) 2017/2397 môže byť ďalším krokom v procese zlepšovania mobility a atraktívnosti vnútrozemskej vodnej dopravy.The lack of skilled labor is one of the greatest threats to the sustainability and development of inland waterway transport. Currently, there is a necessity for coordinated efforts by all stakeholders of the industry, the European Community, River Commissions, the Member States and other responsible parties. Simplifying and harmonizing legislation on competences, education and skills, including their mutual recognition through the adoption of Directive (EU) 2017/2397, can be a further step in the process of improving the mobility and attractiveness of inland waterway transport
The Gift of Stories – Imagination and Landscape in Jim Crace’s The Gift of Stones
No full textJim Crace is known for his compelling, parable-like stories written in rhythmic prose and for his distinctive diction, which combines poetic figurativeness with the precision of exact description. As a writer with an exceptional sense of observed detail, Crace’s narrative power lies in his ability to render places, especially various kinds of landscapes, which, in spite of their wholly fictitious character, evoke a strong feeling of plausibility and familiarity. Nevertheless, his imaginary milieux are never devoid of human experience and his stories examine the close interconnectedness between his protagonists and the places they occupy or move through. Crace likes to depict what the critics have termed “communities in transition”, i.e. groups of people who need to face up to an imminent socio-economic change and adapt to the newly emerging circumstances, which is why his fictional landscapes always reflect the protagonists’ disturbed psyches as they project into them the anxieties and frustrations that result from the process of revising and restoring the essentials of their shattered identities. The Gift of Stones (1988) not only explores such a transition, but also elaborates on the significance of making up stories in human life. This paper demonstrates how the novel’s physical environments intertwine not only with the main protagonist’s mental world but, above all, with his talent for imaginative storytelling
Lieutenant versus Marshal. Double Challenge to Post-Vaubanian Tradition in the Texts of Scottish Military Engineer Charles Bisset, 1751–1778
No full textThis text represents a study in cultural history of war and warfare and adheres more specifically to the genre of historical anthropology. It deals with a problem of concept of so called crisis of permanent fortification, commencing in the period after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which terminated the War of the Austrian Succession. One of the very few critics of this new concept, which favoured field operations and decisive battles over established methods of siege warfare, was Scottish military engineer Charles Bisset, an author of highly advanced book on theory of fortification, published in 1751, which offered a way out of the perceived crisis. Despite being protected by the supreme commander of British armed forces, William, Duke of Cumberland, Bisset’s propositions were unexpectedly and unceremoniously rejected and he was discharged from the corps of military engineers. In the absence of almost any documentary sources, this text attempts to offer an anthropologic analysis of such abrupt and most unusual ending of Bisset’s career, linking it with lasting and deep cultural trauma associated with the subterranean and pyrotechnical dimension of siege warfare, which represented a major focus of Bisset’s work.This text represents a study in cultural history of war and warfare and adheres more specifically to the genre of historical anthropology. It deals with a problem of concept of so called crisis of permanent fortification, commencing in the period after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which terminated the War of the Austrian Succession. One of the very few critics of this new concept, which favoured field operations and decisive battles over established methods of siege warfare, was Scottish military engineer Charles Bisset, an author of highly advanced book on theory of fortification, published in 1751, which offered a way out of the perceived crisis. Despite being protected by the supreme commander of British armed forces, William, Duke of Cumberland, Bisset’s propositions were unexpectedly and unceremoniously rejected and he was discharged from the corps of military engineers. In the absence of almost any documentary sources, this text attempts to offer an anthropologic analysis of such abrupt and most unusual ending of Bisset’s career, linking it with lasting and deep cultural trauma associated with the subterranean and pyrotechnical dimension of siege warfare, which represented a major focus of Bisset’s work
Early Attempts on Education of Czech Evangelical Preachers of Augsburg Religion
No full textThe correspondence of Michal Institoris Mossotzy (preacher of the Slovak-Hungarian committee of the Augusburg religion in Bratislava) from the end of the 18th century, stored in the manuscript collections of the Lyceal library in Bratislava, conceals rich information about the early years of the tolerance period of the forming evangelical committees in Bohemia and Moravia. One of the problems these archives capture is attempts to create a generation of pastors based on the home environment, who were supposed to ensure stability in the new choruses. This work presents attempts to educate six boys (future preachers) coming from five churches of the Augsburg religion to the evangelical lycée in Bratislava. Although the boys came from a financially strong environment and had Mossotzy\u27s support, their studies did not usually end successfully. The boys fled after even several years of study, eager to join the army, take over their parents\u27 businesses or break up completely with the evangelical church. The causes of failure in creating the first Czech generation of preachers can be seen in the immaturity of the boys, the distance from home and the adventurous environment of a city.The correspondence of Michal Institoris Mossotzy (preacher of the Slovak-Hungarian committee of the Augusburg religion in Bratislava) from the end of the 18th century, stored in the manuscript collections of the Lyceal library in Bratislava, conceals rich information about the early years of the tolerance period of the forming evangelical committees in Bohemia and Moravia. One of the problems these archives capture is attempts to create a generation of pastors based on the home environment, who were supposed to ensure stability in the new choruses. This work presents attempts to educate six boys (future preachers) coming from five churches of the Augsburg religion to the evangelical lycée in Bratislava. Although the boys came from a financially strong environment and had Mossotzy\u27s support, their studies did not usually end successfully. The boys fled after even several years of study, eager to join the army, take over their parents\u27 businesses or break up completely with the evangelical church. The causes of failure in creating the first Czech generation of preachers can be seen in the immaturity of the boys, the distance from home and the adventurous environment of a city
Behind the negotiations: Nuncio Antonio Caetani’s experience at the court of Madrid (1611–1618)
No full textWhen the Borghese family’s ascent to power in the court of Rome began, the domain of the Sandovals within the court of Madrid was already well-established. Through analysis of the correspondence of Nuncio Antonio Caetani, this article underscores how the papal representative promoted himself as a principal interlocutor between these two groups of power. He had to serve the Apostolic See and to satisfy the Spanish ministers and expectations of the nobility, thus increasing the honour of his noble family. A perspective on the relations between Rome and Madrid at the beginning of the seventeenth century will be examined, by focusing on a myriad of recommendations, favours, rewards, and benefices as recompense for gratitude and friendship. The approach purports to deepen the practice of the early modern diplomacy, by considering Caetani’s networks and his perceptions as a privileged observer of court life.When the Borghese family’s ascent to power in the court of Rome began, the domain of the Sandovals within the court of Madrid was already well-established. Through analysis of the correspondence of Nuncio Antonio Caetani, this article underscores how the papal representative promoted himself as a principal interlocutor between these two groups of power. He had to serve the Apostolic See and to satisfy the Spanish ministers and expectations of the nobility, thus increasing the honour of his noble family. A perspective on the relations between Rome and Madrid at the beginning of the seventeenth century will be examined, by focusing on a myriad of recommendations, favours, rewards, and benefices as recompense for gratitude and friendship. The approach purports to deepen the practice of the early modern diplomacy, by considering Caetani’s networks and his perceptions as a privileged observer of court life