Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Between Home and Hospital: Midwives and Their Maternity Wards in Postwar Poland (1945–1970)
No full textThe article’s aim is to describe the history of maternity wards, institutions that were unknown in prewar Poland. By presenting the midwives narratives in interviews this article focuses on the unique form of obstetric care on local community level, organized and managed by midwives. The article will not be a chronological description of the creation and development of maternities, but more a coverage of events that influenced their creation and activities.The article’s aim is to describe the history of maternity wards, institutions that were unknown in prewar Poland. By presenting the midwives narratives in interviews this article focuses on the unique form of obstetric care on local community level, organized and managed by midwives. The article will not be a chronological description of the creation and development of maternities, but more a coverage of events that influenced their creation and activities
Polemical Texts of Lutheran Orthodox Theologians as the Reaction to the Conversion of Johann Sigismund von Brandenburg
No full textThe study deals with the polemical texts of Lutheran Orthodox Theologians, who responded to the conversion of Johann Sigismund von Brandenburg to Calvinism (1613/1614). In the texts they criticized the Brandenburg court preacher Salomon Finck and strived to prevent the expansion of Calvinism in Brandenburg.The study deals with the polemical texts of Lutheran Orthodox Theologians, who responded to the conversion of Johann Sigismund von Brandenburg to Calvinism (1613/1614). In the texts they criticized the Brandenburg court preacher Salomon Finck and strived to prevent the expansion of Calvinism in Brandenburg
Music of Festive Days in 18th Century Český Krumlov. Depiction of Festivities in an 18th Century Monastic Chronicle
No full textThe principal and yet unpublished source for this study, the chronicle Liber magistralis I–V, was led by the Minorite friars in Český Krumlov between the years 1678 and 1948. The chronicle entries illuminate in detail the course and form of extraordinary days in this renowned South Bohemian town, including the festive events connected with the prominent noble family of Schwarzenbergs. The article is primarily focused on 500 chronicle pages written in the course of 26 years by the highly educated superior Hyacinth Sperl (1726–1750). Sperl described not only the festivities held in the Krumlov friary itself but also the castle and municipal feasts in which he participated. The superior was very attentive to musical affairs in his surroundings which he did not hesitate to depict colourfully within the monastic chronicle. On this basis, the content and settings of Schwarzenberg birthdays, magnificent triumphal entries, or municipal pilgrimage feasts can be reconstructed. To get a comprehensive image of noble musical activities, this research also draws on preserved Schwarzenberg personal correspondence. The forms of music and liturgy used in Český Krumlov during this era apparently followed Viennese Imperial patterns in various aspects. As there is no relevant literature addressing the topic of music relations between the Minorite Order and a noble family in the Habsburg hereditary lands in the 18th century, this study presents a unique illustration of such interconnection.The principal and yet unpublished source for this study, the chronicle Liber magistralis I–V, was led by the Minorite friars in Český Krumlov between the years 1678 and 1948. The chronicle entries illuminate in detail the course and form of extraordinary days in this renowned South Bohemian town, including the festive events connected with the prominent noble family of Schwarzenbergs. The article is primarily focused on 500 chronicle pages written in the course of 26 years by the highly educated superior Hyacinth Sperl (1726–1750). Sperl described not only the festivities held in the Krumlov friary itself but also the castle and municipal feasts in which he participated. The superior was very attentive to musical affairs in his surroundings which he did not hesitate to depict colourfully within the monastic chronicle. On this basis, the content and settings of Schwarzenberg birthdays, magnificent triumphal entries, or municipal pilgrimage feasts can be reconstructed. To get a comprehensive image of noble musical activities, this research also draws on preserved Schwarzenberg personal correspondence. The forms of music and liturgy used in Český Krumlov during this era apparently followed Viennese Imperial patterns in various aspects. As there is no relevant literature addressing the topic of music relations between the Minorite Order and a noble family in the Habsburg hereditary lands in the 18th century, this study presents a unique illustration of such interconnection
CZECH TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS COMPANIES NEED A SOPHISTICATED APPROACH TO EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION
No full textThe situation on the labour market in the field of transport and logistics is strongly undersized by offering the necessary quality human resources. Acquiring and maintaining these resources creates one of the main prerequisites for the competitiveness of companies. Knowing their preferences can help not only solve the problem of gaining, retaining quality employees, but also more efficiently spend funds in this area. The aim of the article is to determine the motivational preferences of employees in the field of transport and logistics and to identify the main areas that are least fulfilled by their employers.. The article is based on the results of a questionnaire survey on a sample of 2363 respondents. Data are processed using basic descriptive statistics and Student\u27s T-test. The results provide an overview of the employees’ preferences of transport and logistics companies and problem areas in terms of satisfaction. In addition to enriching the knowledge base for the next stage of the issue, the conclusions provide companies in the field of transport and logistics with the opportunity to take a more sophisticated approach to motivating their employees and also to help acquire new ones
EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF PERCEPTION OF SELECTED QUALITY CRITERIA BY GROUPS OF PASSENGERS IN PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT IN THE SELECTED REGION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
No full textJednou z najviac rezonujúcich tém v súčasnosti je kvalita. Miera kvality každého procesu je súhrnom jeho vlastností, ktoré sa prejavujú jeho funkčnosťou v reálnom čase. Medzi tieto vlastnosti patrí spoľahlivosť, presnosť, bezpečnosť, flexibilita a mnohé ďalšie. Z dôvodu porovnateľnosti a sledovania trendov vývoja v úrovni kvality služieb je potrené túto úroveň objektivizovať prostredníctvom merateľných znakov kvality (vlastnosti) a ich následného zhodnotenia. V príspevku sa zaoberáme hodnotením a porovnaním úrovne vybraných kritérií kvality podľa ich vnímania skupinami cestujúcich. Aby sme mohli vykonať výskum v danej oblasti, realizovali sme dotazníkový prieskum vo vybranom regióne a systéme verejnej osobnej dopravy v Slovenskej republike, na základe identifikácie dôležitosti a merania spokojnosti s ich plnením. Na základe výskumu boli identifikované najdôležitejšie kritériá kvality(požiadavky) - presnosť spojov, informovanosť cestujúcich, čistota a správanie sa vodiča voči cestujúcim. Vzájomný vzťah a významnosť kritérií kvality je hodnotená prostredníctvom jednorozmerných a viacrozmerných metód. Cieľom príspevku je skúmať rozdielnosť vnímania kvality a spokojnosti jednotlivými skupinami cestujúcich (študenti, ekonomicky aktívne obyvateľstvo a dôchodcovia), nakoľko každá skupina má iné požiadavky na kvalitu. Ak chcú dopravcovia a objednávatelia dopravnej obslužnosti udržať cestujúcich v systéme verejnej osobnej doprave je dôležité, aby sa venovali práve kvalite ,identifikácii požiadaviek na kvalitu konkrétnych skupín cestujúcich a zisťovaniu spätnej väzby vo forme merania spokojnosti cestujúcichOne of the most resonant topics today is quality. The quality measure of each process is the sum of its properties, which are manifested by its functionality in real-time. These characteristics include reliability, accuracy, safety, flexibility and much more. Due to the comparability and monitoring of development trends in the level of service quality, it is necessary to objectify this level through measurable quality characteristics (properties) and their subsequent evaluation. In the article, we deal with the evaluation and comparison of the level of selected quality criteria according to their perception by groups of passengers. In order to conduct research in the field, we conducted a questionnaire survey in a selected region of the public passenger transport system in the Slovak Republic, based on identifying the importance and measuring satisfaction with their implementation. Based on the research, the most important quality criteria (requirements) were identified - the accuracy of connections, passenger information, cleanliness and the driver\u27s behavior towards passengers. The interrelationship and significance of quality criteria are assessed through one-dimensional and multidimensional methods. The aim of the paper is to examine the differences in the perception of quality and satisfaction by individual groups of passengers (students, economically active population and pensioners), as each group has different quality requirements. If carriers and service providers want to keep passengers in the public passenger transport system, it is important that they focus on quality, identify quality requirements for specific groups of passengers and provide feedback in the form of measuring passenger satisfaction
IMPACT OF NEUTRALIZATION OF TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE ROAD CARRIER
No full textV roku 1956 bol prijatý významný dokument v oblasti cestnej nákladnej dopravy - Dohovor CMR. Jeho prijatím sa zjednotili niektoré pravidlá v medzinárodnej preprave tovarov. Zjednotila sa najmä sprievodná dokumentácia zásielky a zodpovednosť cestného dopravcu. Od prijatia Dohovoru CMR sa zmenil spôsob výpočtu zodpovednosti dopravcu, ktorý zaviedol Protokol k Dohovoru CMR. Protokol zmenil systém výpočtu zodpovednosti zo zlatého franku na systém založený na zvláštnych právach čerpania Sprievodná dokumentácia je zjednotená v cestnej nákladnej doprave v podobe nákladného listu CMR. Preukázalo sa, že neutralizácia nákladného listu sa v niektorých prípadoch využíva pri podvode na odosielateľovi. Cieľom príspevku je zistiť dopad využívania neutralizácie nákladného listu na zodpovednosť dopravcu a postoj poisťovne voči dopravcovi v prípade preukázania neutralizácie nákladného listu CMR. Z dôvodu, že prijatie Protokolu nie je samozrejmosťou, existujú členské krajiny Dohovoru, ktoré Protokol neprijali. Vzhľadom na to, že v súčasnosti teda existujú dva spôsoby ohraničenia zodpovednosti cestného dopravcu, chceme taktiež poukázať na dôležitosť prijatia Protokolu k Dohovoru CMR a jeho vplyv na konkurencieschopnosť v prípade ak dopravcovi hrozí riziko z vykonania neutralizácie.In 1956, an important document in the field of road freight transport was adopted - the CMR Convention. Its adoption unified certain rules in the international carriage of goods. This unified in particular the accompanying documentation of the consignment and the liability of the road carrier. Since the adoption of the CMR Convention, the method of calculating the liability of the carrier, which has introduced the Protocol to the CMR Convention, has changed. The Protocol changed the system for calculating liability from a gold franc to a system based on special drawing rights. The accompanying documentation is unified in road freight transport in the form of a CMR consignment note. In recent years, carriers have been required to neutralize this accompanying document. It has been shown that neutralization of the consignment note is used in some cases for fraud on the consignor. The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of the use of neutralization of the CMR consignment note on the liability of the carrier and the attitude of the insurance company towards the carrier in case of proving the neutralization of the CMR consignment note. As the adoption of the Protocol is not a matter of course, there are the Member States of the Convention which have not accepted the Protocol. Given that there are currently two ways of limiting the liability of a road carrier, we also want to point out the importance of adopting the Protocol to the CMR Convention and its impact on competitiveness if the carrier is exposed to the risk of neutralization
Unto This Last: John Ruskin and the Beginnings of English Ecocriticism
No full textThe following paper deals with the beginnings of ecocritical thought in John Ruskin’s essay Unto This Last (1862). The article presents the context of its economic thought and relates it to the beginnings of “ecology” in the work of German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). The key aspect of Ruskin’s approach is a close link between a humane economy and a sense of responsibility for the environment. In his sweeping analysis of laissez-faire capitalism, he contrasts creation with production, focuses on the reductive terminology of political economy and its potentially devastating consequences if it becomes the leading ideology of the state. The final part of the paper assesses the importance of this essay for the development of ecocritical thought as well as its relevance today
Ordinary Stories in Extraordinary Times: Marcie Hershman’s Tales of the Master Race
No full textThis paper examines the categories of perpetrators, bystanders and victims as represented among the characters of Marcie Hershman’s short story cycle Tales of the Master Race. The main focus is on the characters of perpetrators, as it is predominantly from their perspectives that Hershman depicts life in a small German town during the Third Reich. The paper aims to explore the social-psychological reasons for the perpetration of evil, be it conformity to authorities or ideological anti-Semitism. It also points to a certain fluidity in the examined categories of the characters, demonstrating the thin borders among them
AIR INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING SYSTEMS IN LIGHT OF STABILITY DURING CORONACRISIS: EU VS USA
No full textPríspevok konfrontuje systémy financovania leteckej infraštruktúry v Európskej únii a USA vzhľadom na koronakrízu. Pretože oba systémy sú spôsobom financovania previazané na leteckú prevádzku, koronakríza ochromila financovanie leteckej infraštruktúry v oboch celkoch, a to v okruhu prevádzkového aj investičného financovania. Nutnosť zachovania kontinuity investičného rozvoja leteckej infraštruktúry v čase coronakrízy vyvolala potrebu záchrannej reakcie, ktorá sa v EÚ zásadne líši od USA. V porovnaní so systémom v EÚ má systém financovania a strategického riadenia leteckej infraštruktúry v USA lepšiu adaptabilitu na krízu. V systéme financovania leteckej infraštruktúry v EÚ je „Achilovou pätou“ systému zložitosť pravidiel štátnej pomoci a inštitucionálna výstavba systému štátnej pomoci.The paper confronts the funding systems of air infrastructures in the EU and the US during coronacrisis. As both funding systems of the infrastructures are derived from air operation, coronacrisis paralysed the systems in terms of investment needs and operating needs as well. Therefore it was inevitable to rescue the systems to keep them functional and in this regard the EU system is significantly different from that in the US. Comparing the EU and the US, the system of air infrastructures funding in the US turns out to be better with regard to adaptability. In the EU, the complexity of state aid rules and institutional framework of state aid is seen by us as the „Achilles heel“ of European system
EMISSIONS IN LIFE CYCLE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
No full textThe paper deals with the life cycle of electric vehicle and future of reusing and recycling its battery. Investing in new alternative propulsion became an obligation to every automotive company because of the latest emissions limits. The life cycle is divided into three phases which describes a phase of production, phase of use and phase of recycling. Each of the phases has its own strategy and source of emissions. Research is focused on possible options how emissions can be reduced which helps to understand the importance of the problem. The main attention is paid to future options of reducing emissions in the recycling and reusing process, also an article focus on the analysis of expected battery life of an electric vehicle based on a comparison of selected models.The paper deals with the life cycle of electric vehicle and future of reusing and recycling its battery. Investing in new alternative propulsion became an obligation to every automotive company because of the latest emissions limits. The life cycle is divided into three phases which describes a phase of production, phase of use and phase of recycling. Each of the phases has its own strategy and source of emissions. Research is focused on possible options how emissions can be reduced which helps to understand the importance of the problem. The main attention is paid to future options of reducing emissions in the recycling and reusing process, also an article focus on the analysis of expected battery life of an electric vehicle based on a comparison of selected models