Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Vaccines, Spas and Yellow Fever: Expert Physicians, Professional Honour and the State in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
No full textThe nineteenth century was a period when the modern sciences claimed they were the best way of improving the lives of the people and attaining useful knowledge about the world. At the same time, it was an era when the Ancien Régime, a plural world of hierarchically organised communities, was morphing into a capitalist society based on equality before the Law and the free competition of goods and ideas. Our article focuses on several aspects of the physicians’ fight for professional consolidation in a changing world: the patterns of institutionalisation of medicine and healthcare as well as the dynamics of professionalisation of healthcare, including the masculinisation of authority and the public acknowledgement of expert authority in connection with the growing legitimacy – and politicisation – of scientific discourse, but also with practices reaffirming the honour and social status of physicians as a profession. We approach this vast topic from a European perspective, tracing trans-imperial and transnational trends and including the colonial dimensions, as well as the interaction of European powers and subjects with extra-European states and peoples.The nineteenth century was a period when the modern sciences claimed they were the best way of improving the lives of the people and attaining useful knowledge about the world. At the same time, it was an era when the Ancien Régime, a plural world of hierarchically organised communities, was morphing into a capitalist society based on equality before the Law and the free competition of goods and ideas. Our article focuses on several aspects of the physicians’ fight for professional consolidation in a changing world: the patterns of institutionalisation of medicine and healthcare as well as the dynamics of professionalisation of healthcare, including the masculinisation of authority and the public acknowledgement of expert authority in connection with the growing legitimacy – and politicisation – of scientific discourse, but also with practices reaffirming the honour and social status of physicians as a profession. We approach this vast topic from a European perspective, tracing trans-imperial and transnational trends and including the colonial dimensions, as well as the interaction of European powers and subjects with extra-European states and peoples
COVID-19 PANDEMIC VS. PUBLIC TRANSPORT ATTRACTIVENESS - LITERATURE RESEARCH AND SELECTED SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
No full textThis paper deals with a literature search of authors dealing with public transport and the decline in passenger demand during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations and conclusions of this article serve as a partial basis for the elaboration of dissertations, the topic, content and goal of which will respect and respond to this ongoing situation concerning the pandemic
When Tubal Tells The Merchant of Venice as Jessica’s Story: Clive Sinclair’s “Shylock Must Die”
No full textShakespeare’s plays have attracted numerous reinterpretations not only on the stage, but also in other genres. Recent retellings of The Merchant of Venice by British Jewish authors, such as Arnold Wesker’s play The Merchant (1976) or Howard Jacobson’s novel Shylock Is My Name (2016), focus on a complex portrayal of Shylock as the main Jewish character. However, Clive Sinclair’s short story “Shylock Must Die” (2014) adopts a different strategy by foregrounding two other Jewish characters, as Shylock’s daughter Jessica is described from the point of view of the moneylender Tubal. In Sinclair’s version, Tubal is refashioned as a private detective who, despite his experience, can hardly believe how cunning Jessica turns out to be, as she tricks him into participating in her own scheme. While Shakespeare’s play assigns a significant amount of agency to Portia, Sinclair’s short story takes liberty in shifting the focus to another female character. As the story reports events that followed Jessica’s wedding, it may even be considered a sequel to The Merchant of Venice, and the story’s title itself suggests it has even less to do with comedy than the original. For all these reasons, “Shylock Must Die” presents a radical rewriting of Shakespeare’s text
Current Trends in Design of Wheels for Railway Vehicles
No full textČlánek „Současné trendy v konstrukci kol pro kolejová vozidla“ pojednává o kolech pro nákladní vozy, o kolech pro osobní dopravu, pro lokomotivy a pro tramvaje. V oblasti kol pro nákladní vozy jsou představena především kola konstrukční školy společnostiBONATRANS. V oblasti kol pro osobní vozy jsou uvedena kola s moderními tlumiči hluku. Závěr příspěvku sumarizuje poznatky z konstrukce lokomotivních a tramvajových kol.The article "Current trends in design of wheels for railway vehicles" deals with wheels for freight wagons, wheels for passenger cars, for locomotives and for trams. In the area of wheels for freight wagons, the wheels of the BONATRANS design school are mostlyintroduced. In the area of wheels for passenger cars, there are wheels with noise absorbers. Finally, the paper summarizes the design of wheels for locomotives and trams
Optimization of Dynamic Behaviour of Tram
No full textVe firme ŠKODA TRANSPORTATION se při projektování a vývoji nových tramvají věnuje značná pozornost optimalizaci jejich dynamického chování. V první fázi návrhu nových tramvají se optimalizace provádí pomocí numerických simulací na MBS modelech v softwaru Adams VI-Rail, které jsou schopny s velkou přesností predikovat dynamické chování tramvají. Podle výsledků provedených výpočtů se optimalizují jednotlivé konstrukční uzly tramvají tak, aby bylo dosaženo co nejlepšího dynamického chování tramvají. Ve druhé fázi se na reálné tramvaji provádí měření a zkoušky, které zpřesňují výsledky výpočtů provedených na MBS modelech a slouží k jejich zpětné validaci. Tento přístup umožňuje s minimálními náklady predikovat a optimalizovat dynamické chování tramvají a případně provést konstrukční změny ve fázi jejich návrhu. Tento příspěvek pojednává o vlivu konstrukce horního mezičlánkového spojení na dynamické chování tramvaje při jízdě ve směrovém oblouku a optimalizaci uvedeného konstrukčního uzlu.At ŠKODA TRANSPORTATION there is paid a considerable attention to optimizing dynamic behaviour of new trams during their designing and developing. The first phase of designing new trams is performed using numerical simulations on MBS models in the Adams VI-Rail software, which are able to predict the dynamic behaviour of trams with high accuracy. individual structural nodes of trams are optimized according to the results of performed calculations in order to achieve the best dynamic behaviour of trams. In the second phase, measurements and tests are performed on a real tram, which refine results of calculations performed on MBS models and also serve for MBS model validation. This approach makes it possible to predict and optimize the dynamic behaviour of trams with minimal costs and, if necessary, to make design changes in the designing phase. This paper deals with an influence of upper intersection connection on the dynamic behaviour of tram when passing in curve and the optimization of the intersection connection. 
Research to Increase Partner Protection of Tram Vehicles in the Event of an Accident with Cars
No full textZe společenského hlediska rostou požadavky na zvýšení bezpečnosti provozu a snížení následků nehod tramvají s osobními automobily. Výzkum zvýšení bezpečnosti tramvají, který je realizovaný na Fakultně strojní ČVUT v Praze, má za cíl zvýšit aktivní a pasivní bezpečnost tramvají. Prvky a systémy aktivní bezpečnosti mají za úkol snižovat riziko vzniku nehody a systémy pasivní bezpečnosti mají za úkol minimalizovat následky nehod. Jeden z prvků pasivní bezpečnosti je tzv. partnerská ochrana (kompatibilita vozidel při nehodě), která značí přístup, kdy je snaha ochránit jak cestující uvnitř vozidla, tak i vně. Článek popisuje závěry z provedených dílčích prací výzkumu na zvýšení partnerské ochrany tramvají při nehodě s osobními automobily.From a social point of view, there is a growing demand to increase traffic safety and reduce the consequences of tram and cars accidents. The research to increase the safety of trams, which is carried out at the Czech Technical University in Prague, aims to increase the active and passive safety of trams. Components and systems of active safety are design to reduce the risk of an accident. Components and systems of passive safety are design to minimize the consequences of accidents. One of the elements of passive safety is the partner protection (vehicle compatibility in the accident), which means an approach where the effort is to protect passengers inside and outside the vehicle. The article describes the conclusions from the partial research work on increasing the partner protection of trams in the event of an accident with cars
24-Channel Test of Bogie Frame for EMU
No full textPříspěvek přibližuje a popisuje realizaci statické a únavové zkoušky motorového rámu podvozku pro EMU (Elektrická vícevozová jednotka) na základě ČSN EN 13749:2011. Pro zkoušky bylo použito 24 hydraulických lineárních motorů (válců), které byly řízeny počítačem v reálném čase společně.The article is approaching and describing the implementation of static and fatigue test of the bogie frame for motor bogie frame for EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) based on ČSN EN 13749:2011. 24 hydraulic linear actuators (cylinders) were used for tests and were controlled by computer in real time together
Comparison of Advantages of Radially Adjustable Bogie with Conventional Bogie with Regard to New and Worn Transverse Profiles of Rail Head
No full textČlánok ja zameraný na porovnanie jazdných vlastností nákladných železničných podvozkov pri prejazde oblúkov s malých polomerov. Porovnávanými podvozkami je konvenčný podvozok Y25 a podvozok s radiálne nastaviteľnými dvojkolesiami TVP-NG2. Dôraz bol kladený na vplyv použitého profilu hlavy koľaje a tiež na dopad opotrebenia hlavy koľaje na jazdné a prevádzkové vlastnosti podvozkov.The article focuses on a comparison of running characteristics of rail freight bogies when negotiating curves of small radiuses. The conventional bogie Y25 and the bogie with radially adjustable wheelsets TVP-NG2 are compared. Emphasis was placed on effect of used rail head profile and also on rail head wear effect upon running and operational characteristics of the bogies
Double Deck Push-Pull Trainsets Škoda for ČD
No full textNa začátku článku je krátké shrnutí historie výroby elektrických jednotek a dvoupodlažních push-pull souprav ve firmě Škoda Vagonka (dříve Vagonka Studénka). Následuje popis dvoupodlažních vozů pro vratné (push-pull) soupravy pro České dráhy (ČD). Tyto vozy procházejí ve druhé polovině roku 2021 typovými zkouškami.At the beginning, paper briefly describes history of EMU and double deck push-pull trainsets produced at Škoda Vagonka (former Vagonka Studénka). Follows the description of coaches for double deck push-pull trainsets for Czech Railways (ČD). In the second half of 2021, these coaches undergo type-testing process
Use of Acoustic Camera in Rolling Stock Noise Analysis
No full textParametre hluku koľajových vozidiel sa jednoznačne podieľajú na ich kvalite a sú osobitne sledované na základe neustále sa sprísňujúcich limitov TSI alebo environmentálnych predpisov všeobecne. Fundamentom pre možnosti znižovania hluku vozidiel je podrobná analýza zdrojov a ciest šírenia hluku. Príspevok prezentuje cenné výsledky a nové poznatky z akustických experimentov pri prevádzke vlakov na ŽSR s využitím akustickej kamery.The noise parameters of railway vehicles clearly contribute to their quality and are specifically monitored in accordance with the ever-tightening limits of TSIs or environmental regulation in general. The basis for the possibilities of reducing vehicle noise is a detailed analysis of noise sources and paths. The paper presents valuable results and new findings from acoustic experiments from the operation of trains at ŽSR using an acoustic camera