Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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WAYS OF IMPROOVING CAR SAFETY IN THE EU TROUGH REGULATION
No full textRoad safety in the EU has improved significantly over the past decades, thanks to effective action taken at EU and national level to address road user behaviour, vehicles and infrastructure. As a result the EU roads are the safest world-wide. This increased safety can, to a large extent, be attributed to legislative requirements on safety of vehicles that have been introduced to road safety. The EU has, in the past, introduced mandatory fitting of electronic stability control systems on all vehicles and advanced emergency braking systems and lane departure warning systems on trucks and buses, which contribute to the reduction of fatal casualties in traffic by an estimated 5,000 a year. The full potential of these and further active safety technologies can only become reality with large-scale deployment in vehicles on EU roads. The aim of this paper provides a comprehensive overview and proposes a way forward as regards improved vehicle safety for the benefit of all road users, that is to say, all citizens of the European Union
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE POSTAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
No full textThe postal network is a comprehensive set of several subsets, namely, postal infrastructure (consisted of objects and means), transportation networks, and human resources. It is organized by specific considerations of every country, following practices outlined by national and international regulation. Geographic Information System is a tool specialized for spatial data and network analysis. It can help identify shortcomings in a network environment, conditioned by a specific set of criteria and provisions. Spatial data and characteristics of the postal network are taken into consideration. The research area’s transportation infrastructure and administrative data are also needed for quality analysis of the postal network. The application of GIS in this paper is made following one County’s example in the Republic of Croatia
SYSTEMATIZATION OF NON-DRIVING ACTIVITIES OF DRIVERS OF AUTONOMOUS TRUCKS
No full textV článku je navržený koncept katalogu systematizující tzv. ne-řidičské aktivity řidičů nákladních vozidel, které by mohli vykonávat s rozvojem automatizace silničních vozidel. V blízké budoucnosti se jedná především o částečně automatizovaný provoz bez plné automatizace, při kterém je stále nezbytné, aby řidič v případě potřeby převzal řízení. Přesto trend automatizace provozu nákladních vozidel přinese řadu příležitostí, jak efektivně využít pracovní čas budoucích řidičů, který je v současnosti věnován primárně řízení. Autoři představují postupné kroky ke genezi, analýze a klasifikaci činností, které řidiči budou moci ve vozidle provádět v době, kdy aktivně vozidlo neřídí. Byly použity metody indukce souvislostí v podobě myšlenkových map, komparace, klasifikační a funkční analýzy a klasifikace. Katalog je zaměřen na dvě úrovně automatizace vozidel L3 a L4 dle normy SAE. Systematická struktura katalogu je založena na číselných kódech kategorizujících činnosti minimálně ve čtyřech úrovních. V článku jsou představeny skupiny činností: duševní tvůrčí činnost; komunikace; administrativa, fyzická činnost; vzdělávání; zábava a odpočinek. Součástí je také příklad části vyplněného katalogu. Na závěr jsou doporučeny další směry rozvoje navrženého konceptu katalogu. Katalog bude v budoucnu využit manažery dopravních firem pro tvorbu skladby práce svých zaměstnanců. Další uživatelé budou například ústřední orgány státní správy, vzdělávací instituce a další odborné organizace v dopravě.The article proposes a concept of a catalogue systematizing the so-called non-driving activities of truck drivers, which they could perform with the development of automation of road vehicles. In the near future, this is mainly a partially automated operation without full automation, in which it is still necessary for the driver to take control of the vehicle if necessary. Nevertheless, the trend of automation of truck operation will bring a number of opportunities to effectively use the working time of future drivers, which is currently devoted primarily to driving. The authors present step-by-step steps towards the genesis, analysis and classification of activities that drivers will be able to perform in a vehicle when they are not actively driving. Context induction methods in the form of mind maps, comparisons, classification and functional analysis and classification were used. The catalogue focuses on two levels of automation of L3 and L4 vehicles according to the SAE standard. The systematic structure of the catalogue is based on numerical codes categorizing activities on at least four levels. The article presents groups of activities: mental creative activity; communication; administration, physical activity; education; fun and relaxation. An example of a part of a completed catalogue is also included. Finally, other directions of development of the proposed catalogue concept are recommended. In the future, the catalogue will be used by managers of transport companies to create the composition of the work of their employees. Other users will be, for example, central state administration bodies, educational institutions and other professional organizations in transport
VPLYV TEPLOTY PROSTREDIA NA SPOTREBU ELEKTRICKÝCH AUTOBUSOV
No full textThis paper focuses on the research of the influence of ambient temperature on the electricity consumption of electric buses. The fundamental material was a detailed database of operational data. We also used records of the average temperature at the place of operation of electric buses. In the introduction, we discuss the gradual advent of electric bus technology in the Slovak Republic. We also mapped the composition of the vehicle fleet. In this case, we analysed the Škoda Perun 26SH01 vehicles, focusing on operation during winter and summer. The analysed months had significantly different average daily temperatures. It has a significant impact on the overall consumption of the electric bus because the analysed type has a passenger cabin that is electrically heated. In this article, we answer several research questions related to the consumption of electric buses in our climatic conditions.Tento príspevok je zameraný na výskum vplyvu okolitej teploty na spotrebu elektrickej energie elektrobusov. Východiskovým podkladom výskumu bola detailná databáza prevádzkových údajov a taktiež záznamy o priemernej teplote v mieste prevádzky elektrobusov. V úvode rozoberáme aj postupný nástup technológie elektrobusov v Slovenskej republike a mapujeme zloženie vozidlového parku. V tomto prípade sme analyzovali vozidlá Škoda Perun 26SH01, pričom sme sa zamerali na zimnú a letnú prevádzku. Analyzované mesiace boli výrazne odlišné priemernou dennou teplotou. Tá má zásadný vplyv na celkovú spotrebu elektrobusu, pretože analyzovaný typ má kabínu cestujúcich vykurovanú práve elektrickými ohrievačmi. V článku odpovedáme na niekoľko výskumných otázok súvisiacich so spotrebou elektrobusov v našich podnebných podmienkach
THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 ON THE CHOICE OF ECONOMICALLY OPTIMAL VARIANT OF THE AEROPLANE
No full textTento příspěvek popisuje proces výběru optimální varianty letounu, a jeho změny v důsledku současné koronakrize, která celosvětově poznamenala leteckou dopravu. Zahrnuje metodické postupy, způsoby pořízení letadel, případně charakteristiku jednotlivých variant a kritérií ovlivňujících výběr. Zároveň se tento příspěvek snaží poukázat na preference nově příchozích letounů v rámci flotil leteckých dopravců, které bývají v důsledku této krize mnohdy omezeny a mnoho kritérií a aspektů, jenž by za normálních okolností hrály velkou roli, jsou upozaděny.This article describes the process of selecting the optimal variant of the airplane and its changes because of the current corona crisis, which has been marked by air traffic worldwide. It shall include methodological procedures, methods of acquisition of aircraft, and, where appropriate, the characteristics of individual variants and criteria affecting the selection. At the same time, this contribution seeks to point to the preferences of the new arrivals under the air carriers \u27 fleets, which are often the result of this crisis
CZECH NATIONAL STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND LINKED ACTIVITIES
No full textThe article presents topical news on intelligent transport systems policy, strategy, and linked activities in the Czech Republic. It introduces historical background, relation to other documents, and current development in 2021. The Strategy of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems 2021-2027 with a View to 2050 (in force since January 2021) is the core document. The strategy is introduced by its context, methodology and structure of the content. Focus on coming years is included in this article, too: essential support for the ITS policy brings the online ITS Library (https://www.its-knihovna.cz), a knowledge database, described here with its certain parts and space for supportive tools. The tools enable to manage information on implementation progress, selected progress indicators and monitoring of ITS data quality, expressed by data conformance testing and publishing. The conclusion chapter gives a general overview on implementation of the Strategy and the ITS Library in the future
“The world is in Amsterdam”: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the Dutch in Guinevere Glasfurd’s The Words in My Hand
No full textThe article presents an imagological study of the recent historical novel The Words in My Hand (2016) by British author Guinevere Glasfurd with the focus on how the Dutch and the 17th century Netherlands are portrayed in the novel, especially regarding the use of stereotypes. After offering an introduction into how the Dutch were perceived by the English in the 17th century, the article goes on to argue that Glasfurd makes use of both historical and contemporary stereotypes in order to highlight the personal traits of the characters and create sympathies and antipathies in the reader. To do so, she not only employs stereotypes about the Dutch and their country, but frequently uses France as its superior counterpart. Thusly, she contributes to a larger discourse of literature which relies on the use of national stereotypes and perceives the nation and national character as perceptible actuality rather than a changing social concept
The Language of Images in Technologically Modified Environments
No full textEach technology amplifies human functions, with photographs and videos enhancing vision and memory. The appeal of photography results from the fact that the stationary single eye is technologically extended. The technology of photography exceeds the limits of the eye, as the camera is a total stationary light catcher without the blurred edges of human vision. Photographs are “magical” and appealing because they suddenly offer an improved eye, another more powerful and extended recorder of visual events for eternity outside our memory. Recorded events are felt to have more reality than the original, while a photograph as an experience translated into a new medium “bestows a delightful playback of earlier awareness.”1 These are therefore ideal means of communication for the platforms of the digital environment of social media and esports. The rapid development of digital photography has had the effect of returning the user to the content of historical technologies, with video clips flipping back to mediaeval performances, social media communicating with images and symbols of the non-literacy environment of the Middle Ages, and 3D imaging flipping back to sculpting. Non-print perceptual learning is becoming more prevalent, with literate cultures rendered obsolete by the inclusive and instantaneous digital environment
E-VTOL AIR TRANSPORT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND EXPECTATIONS: Public Knowledge and Expectations
No full textLetadla se svislým vzletem a přistáním poháněná elektrickými pohonnými jednotkami jsou považována za jednu z hlavních oblastí budoucí vzdušné přepravy osob nebo zboží na kratší vzdálenosti. Článek představuje tento druh dopravy a uvádí jeho přednosti a nedostatky. Hlavní část je poté věnována průzkumu povědomí české veřejnosti o e-VTOL letadlech a poukazuje i na očekávání, která si lidé s novým druhem dopravy spojují. K tomu byla použita zjednodušená metoda kvantitativního výzkumu za pomoci dotazníkového šetření. Bylo zjištěno, že většina veřejnosti nemá o e-VTOL letadlech povědomí, avšak poté, co byla technologie vysvětlena, by ji byli lidé ochotni využít, pokud by cena za přepravu bylo nanejvýš o 20 % vyšší než konvenční druhy (pozemní) dopravy.Vertical take-off and landing aircraft powered by electric propulsion units are considered one of the main areas of future air transport of people or goods over shorter distances. This paper introduces this mode of transport and lists its advantages and disadvantages. The main part is then devoted to a survey of the Czech public\u27s awareness of e-VTOL aircraft and also highlights the expectations people associate with the new mode of transport. To do this, a simplified quantitative research method using a questionnaire survey was used. It was found that the majority of the public is not aware of e-VTOL aircraft, but after the technology was explained, people would be willing to use it if the price of transport was at most 20% higher than conventional modes of (ground) transport
Brick and Mortar Dreams and Nightmares: a Historical Look at the Role of Home Ownership in Britain
No full textThe nationwide preoccupation with the “property ladder” and the high premium placed on owning one’s own home have traditionally set Britain apart from other European countries, where renting has been a popular living choice carrying few negative social connotations. The view of home ownership as the affirmation of the individual’s full membership in society persists to this day, despite the UK currently facing a massive housing shortage and growing unaffordability of homes. Taking a historical perspective, the paper identifies the key developments that have contributed to home ownership acquiring such enormous social value for the British and reveals a number of adverse social consequences of the overemphasis on owner-occupancy. Special attention will be devoted to the concept of property-owning democracy and the Right to Buy policies spearheaded by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, with the aim of revealing how they contributed to the housing crisis Britain is experiencing at present. In addition to books dealing with history and cultural studies, the paper draws on recent sociological reports, blogs, newspaper articles and documentary films