Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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Vehicle Side Diagnostics of S&C
No full textŽelezniční výhybky a křížení jsou z pohledu celkových nákladů na údržbu ve srovnání s běžnou kolejí problematickým prvkem infrastruktury. Článek se proto zabývá možnostmi sledování stavu výhybek jedoucími vozidly a návrhem inteligentního diagnostického systému pro železniční výhybky, který bude schopen zachytit zhoršování technického stavu a umožnit tak správci infrastruktury postupný přechod k prediktivní údržbě. Výše uvedené by nebylo možné bez vývoje, sestavení a odzkoušení hardwarového i softwarového řešení, doplněného vývojem inteligentních algoritmů, které dokážou z měření dynamické odezvy nejen na infrastruktuře, ale i na železničním vozidle vyhodnotit stav výhybky. Hledané řešení má za cíl prodloužit životnost konstrukce výhybky a zredukovat náklady životního cyklu a zvýšit tak bezpečnost a plynulost železničního provozu.Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are a problematic element of the infrastructure in terms of total maintenance costs compared to a normal track. The article therefore deals with the possibilities of condition monitoring of S&C by moving vehicles and with the design of an intelligent diagnostic system for S&C, which will be able to detect deterioration of technical condition and allow the infrastructure manager a gradual transition to the predictive maintenance. The facts mentioned above would not be possible without the development, assembly and testing of hardware and software solutions, supplemented by the development of intelligent algorithms that can evaluate the state of the S&C structure by measuring the dynamic response not only on the infrastructure but also on the railway vehicle. The sought solution will contribute to the S&C structure service life extending and life cycle costs reducing and therefore the safety and smoothness of railway traffic can be increased
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR OPTIMIZATION OF LOCATION OF LOGISTICS OBJECTS ACCENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE AND FACTOR COVID-19
No full textHlavním cílem článku je důkladně shrnout nejnovější publikované výsledky výzkumu, zaměřeného na optimální umístění logistických center elektronického obchodování a umístění logistických center, z pohledu nabídky a poptávky na trhu logistických nemovitostí, v němž rozvoj elektronického obchodu hraje klíčovou roli. Tento článek se zaměřuje na práci se sekundárními daty, při zejména formě systematické rešerše aktuálních, relevantních a kvalitních zdrojů k jeho tématu, vysvětlujících dynamiku rozvoje e-commerce, s ohledem na problematiku rozhodovacích mechanismů, při optimalizaci umisťování logistických objektů, jako jsou distribuční centra, nebo sklady. Lze identifikovat rozvoj kvalitativního, kvantitativního i hybridního výzkumu, ve kterém se publikovaní autoři zabývají při aplikaci různých metodologických východisek a dat korelací mezi rozvojem e-commerce a strategiemi umísťování distribučních center. Nezřídka ale užívají metody, nebo modely s omezeným potenciálem replikovatelnosti mimo geograficky vymezený trh, s mnoha nejednoznačnými předpoklady, které jsou diskutabilně definovány.The objective of the paper is to further elaborate on the latest research publication that focuses on the optimal location of the e-commerce logistics centres and the location of logistics centres from a demand and supply perspective in the logistics real estate market, in which e-commerce development plays a key role. The paper provides the systematic literature review of secondary data, specifically in the form of Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA), relevant and quality resources on its topics, explaining the dynamics of e-commerce development, with regards to decision-making mechanisms, optimizing the location of logistics facilities such as distribution centres. or warehouses. It is possible to identify the development of qualitative, quantitative and hybrid research, in which published authors deal with the application of various methodological starting points and correlation data between the development of e-commerce and distribution centre location strategies. However, they often use methods or models with limited potential for replicability outside a geographically defined market, with many ambiguous assumptions that are debatably defined
The Death of Jaromír Czernin 1908
No full textThis article evaluates the death and funeral culture in the high aristocratic society of the Habsburg monarchy at the turn of the twentieth century, focusing on the illness and death of the mostly forgotten Count Jaromír Czernin (1818–1908). It attempts a comparison with other cases that took place within a similar period and social milieu, and tries to define what constituted an ordinary funeral ceremony. The text below illustrates that this specific funeral was entirely typical in its time within this stratum of societ . The article uses mostly archive sources from the family archive in Jindřichův Hradec and articles from newspapers of the time.This article evaluates the death and funeral culture in the high aristocratic society of the Habsburg monarchy at the turn of the twentieth century, focusing on the illness and death of the mostly forgotten Count Jaromír Czernin (1818–1908). It attempts a comparison with other cases that took place within a similar period and social milieu, and tries to define what constituted an ordinary funeral ceremony. The text below illustrates that this specific funeral was entirely typical in its time within this stratum of societ . The article uses mostly archive sources from the family archive in Jindřichův Hradec and articles from newspapers of the time
RESEARCH ON THE USE OF ECO-DRIVING IN CITY TRAFFIC
No full textAs it is commonly known, during the operation of vehicles, their operational parameters change, related to the influence of working factors, the current road situation or wear processes of vehicle components. Currently, for many years there has been a discussion on improving the environmental properties of motor vehicles, taking into account technical, legal and operational factors. The article presents selected research results of a vehicle using the eco-driving technique in city traffic on the so-called routine route in a selected area of the city of Lublin in south-eastern Poland. The tests were carried out on a passenger car with a spark ignition engine powered by gasoline. The obtained test results focus on the influence of selected driving parameters, such as: average speed, driving time, mileage, road characteristics, number of stops, number of brakes. The conducted research indicates the possibility of using eco-driving in city traffic and gives positive results
CONTRACTS FOR INTERNATIONAL MULTIMODAL CARRIAGE AND ROTTERDAM RULES
No full textDosud neexistuje žádná platná nadnárodní (mezistátní) právní úprava přepravní smlouvy v multimodální, resp. intermodální přepravě. Platné mnohostranné mezinárodní úmluvy o přepravní smlouvě v současnosti řeší pouze jednotlivé dopravní módy. OSN, resp. UNCITRAL, vytvořila Rotterdamská pravidla (Úmluvu OSN o smlouvě o mezinárodní přepravě zboží zcela nebo z části po moři), která zatím nejsou ratifikována potřebným počtem států, aby mohla vstoupit v platnost. Setkávající se však také s kritikou. V článku jsou předložena základní fakta o této problematice s akcentem na analýzu současného stavu dopravního práva z pohledu České republiky.There is no valid international (interstate) legal regulation of the contract of carriage in multimodal or intermodal transport. The current multilateral international conventions on the contract of carriage deal with individual modes of transport only. The United Nations (UN), or UNCITRAL as their agency, has elaborated the Rotterdam Rules (UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea) that have not been ratified by the required number of countries to enter into force yet. Moreover, it also met with criticism. The article highlights the key elements of the issue emphasizing the analysis of the current state of transport law perspective in the Czech Republic
ROAD TRAFFIC OFFENSES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, POINT SCORING SYSTEM OF DRIVERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, GERMANY AND POLAND AND SOLUTIONS OF TRAFFIC OFFENSES BY THE POLICE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND AT THE MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT WITH EXTENDED POWERS
No full textPříspěvek představuje základní právní předpisy EU a právní předpisy ČR upravující oblast dopravních nehod a přestupků v silniční dopravě. Uvádí hlavní dopravní přestupek, kterým je překročení nejvyšší povolené rychlosti. Stručně analyzuje statistiky dopravních nehod v ČR ve vazbě na statistiku přestupků v silniční dopravě celostátní i ve vybrané obci s rozšířenou působností. Komentuje a porovnává na vybraných přestupcích bodový systém v ČR, v Německu a v Polsku. Popisuje postup Policie ČR a technologický postup na obecním úřadu obce s rozšířenou působností při zpracování přestupku řidiče. V příspěvku jsou navrženy konkrétní změny v postupu Policie ČR a především změny v postupu úředníka na obecním úřadě obce s rozšířenou působností. Tyto změny mají vést k rychlejšímu zpracování přestupku, racionalizaci práce úředníka a také k vyšší informovanosti řidiče, který přestupky spáchal.
Klíčová slovaThe paper presents the basic legal regulations of the EU and the legal regulations of the Czech Republic regulating the area of traffic accidents and traffic offences in road transport. It indicates the main traffic offense, which is exceeding the speed limit. It briefly analyses the statistics of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic in relation to the statistics of traffic offenses in road transport nationwide as well as in a selected municipality with extended powers. The paper comments and compares point scoring systems in the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. This comparison is based on selected traffic offences. It describes the procedure of the Police of the Czech Republic and the technological procedure at the municipal department of the municipality with extended powers for processing the driver\u27s offense. The article proposes specific changes in processing by the Police of the Czech Republic and the municipal department of a municipality with extended powers. These changes should lead to faster processing of the offense, rationalization of the work of the Official and also to higher awareness of the driver who committed the offense
Application of Decision Theory Methods in Vehicle Creation
No full textÚroveň efektívnej práce podvozku je určovaná a hodnotená podľa značného množstva sledovaných parametrov, pretože vplyv týchto faktorov v rôznych režimoch jazdy koľajového vozidla je odlišný. Cieľom predkladanej štúdie je určiť vhodný spôsob rozhodovania pritvorbe koľajového vozidla a s jeho pomocou identifikovať faktory, ktoré majú najvýraznejší vplyv na efektívnosť koľajového vozidla. Bola vytvorená objektívna funkcia, ktorá umožňuje výber najefektívnejšieho technického riešenia z určitého počtu alternatív. Zvažuje sa účinnosť selektívneho výberu charakteristík trakčných elektrických motorov (TEM) pre dvojkolesia, berúc do úvahy prerozdelenie zaťaženia a rozdiel adhéznych podmienok.The level of effective bogie work is determined and evaluated according to a large number of monitored parameters because the influence of these factors in different modes of rolling stock is different. The aim of the present study is to determine the appropriate way of decision-making in the creation of rolling stock and with its help to identify the factors that have the most significant impact on the efficiency of the rolling stock. An objective function has been created that allows the selection of the most efficient technical solution from a number of alternatives. The effectiveness of the selective selection of traction electric motor (TEM) characteristics for two-wheelers is considered, taking into account the load redistribution and the difference in adhesion
Improving Attractivity of Passenger Information Systems for Metro Passengers
No full textModerní informační systém pro metro – PIS+, aplikace na konkrétní projekt. Možnosti navigace při přestupu na další spojení. Podpora při orientaci a navigaci pro osoby se sníženou pohyblivostí. Optimalizace pohybu cestujících v rámci stanice metra, zvýšení efektivity při výměně cestujících. Možnosti úprav z tzv. Train office.Modern passenger information system for metro – PIS+, concrete project implementation. Wayfinding capabilities of transfer connections. Orientation and navigation for people with reduced mobility. Passenger flow optimalization within the metro stations. Dynamic updates from the “Train office”
Disease, Deformity and Health Terrors in 19th-Century Cartoons: A Cultural History of Science
No full textThis article analyses the changes that took place in the image of disease during the nineteenth century. Ever since the Enlightenment movement introduced the scientific discourse into popular knowledge in the eighteenth century, a popular scientific culture had developed and been disseminated. The “cultural visualisation” of science via exhibitions, fairs and illustrated publications became even more intense and widespread in the nineteenth century. In this context, satirical images linked to scientific development proliferated. An analysis of this visual language makes it possible for us to learn more about the development of science and its social impact. I analyse the creation and circulation of iconographic sources, with particular emphasis on French and British sources concerning medical and epidemiological subjects. The aim is to understand the visual tradition that shaped these images and its impact on social imaginary. For that purpose, I examine scientific illustrations from the Early Modern to the Modern Era, in order to better understand their iconography and the ways symbolic language concerning epidemic diseases – mainly cholera – spread across Europe in the nineteenth century.This article analyses the changes that took place in the image of disease during the nineteenth century. Ever since the Enlightenment movement introduced the scientific discourse into popular knowledge in the eighteenth century, a popular scientific culture had developed and been disseminated. The “cultural visualisation” of science via exhibitions, fairs and illustrated publications became even more intense and widespread in the nineteenth century. In this context, satirical images linked to scientific development proliferated. An analysis of this visual language makes it possible for us to learn more about the development of science and its social impact. I analyse the creation and circulation of iconographic sources, with particular emphasis on French and British sources concerning medical and epidemiological subjects. The aim is to understand the visual tradition that shaped these images and its impact on social imaginary. For that purpose, I examine scientific illustrations from the Early Modern to the Modern Era, in order to better understand their iconography and the ways symbolic language concerning epidemic diseases – mainly cholera – spread across Europe in the nineteenth century
Noble Fideicommissum in the 19th Century Bohemia (on the Example of the Counts of Althann)
No full textThe noble fideicommissum was a legal instrument used to preserve family property. Concerning the legal environment of the Habsburg monarchy, it appeared in the second half of the 17th century and was only abolished in 1924. Over that time, legal and economic circumstances changed, and in the 19th century, there was no unanimous view on the usefulness of such a restriction. Nevertheless, the new fideicommissa occasionally emerged. On the other hand, some of those that had existed from the beginning faced growing economic problems and ceased to fulfil their original function as a property reserve for a particular family. In the 19th century, also the Althann fideicommissum in Bohemia found itself in the same situation.The noble fideicommissum was a legal instrument used to preserve family property. Concerning the legal environment of the Habsburg monarchy, it appeared in the second half of the 17th century and was only abolished in 1924. Over that time, legal and economic circumstances changed, and in the 19th century, there was no unanimous view on the usefulness of such a restriction. Nevertheless, the new fideicommissa occasionally emerged. On the other hand, some of those that had existed from the beginning faced growing economic problems and ceased to fulfil their original function as a property reserve for a particular family. In the 19th century, also the Althann fideicommissum in Bohemia found itself in the same situation