Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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THE EFFECT OF A REDUCTION IN THE RADIAL REACTION OF THE VEHICLE WHEEL ON THE STABILITY OF THE CAR DURING A SIMPLE CHANGE OF DIRECTION
No full textPříspěvek se zabývá možností přivedení silničního vozidla na hranici smyku, a to při bezpečné rychlosti. Navození smyku vozidla je docíleno snížením adhezní síly na vozidlových kolech vlivem snížení radiální rekce na příslušných vozidlových kolech. Cílem příspěvku je porovnat případné odlišnosti v chování experimentálního vozidla se systémem skluzového rámu vůči jízdě experimentálního vozidla na skluzovém povrchu. V obou případech je monitorován pohyb vozidla za snížené adhezní síly. Skluzový rám je pomocné zařízení se čtyřmi podpěrnými koly, který je připevněn k vozidlu. Pomocí hydraulického posunu podpěrných kol je možné snížit radiální reakce přenášené vozidlovými koly. Pro snížení adhezní síly přenášené vozidlovými koly je část dané radiální reakce vozidlového kola přenášena pomoci přídavných podpěrných kol. Skluzový povrch je speciálně upravený prostor, kde povrch tvoří speciální folie, která při skrápění vodou má výrazně nižší součinitel adheze než klasický živičný povrch. Při zpracování příspěvku byla provedena experimentální měření pro oba jízdní režimy, která byla vzájemně porovnána. Za jízdní zkoušku byl zvolen vyhýbací manévr mezi kužely. Systém Alternativního SkidCaru napomáhá ke vzniku libovolného druhu smyku vzhledem k podélné, tak i příčné rovině vozidla, kterého na skluzovém povrchu není možné dosáhnout. Alternativní SkidCar má své uplatnění v oblasti jako prvotní nástroj k ověřování nově vyvíjených elektronických systémů automobilu a ke zvyšování bezpečnosti silničního provozu při výcviku řidičů. Při sestavení zkušebního koridoru pro sytém Alternativního SkidCaru došlo k úpravě oproti skluzovému povrchu. Protože Alterntivní SkidCar přesahuje půdorys voidla, museli jsme za tímto účelem uzpůsobit sestavení koridoru oproti skluzovému povrchu. Z vyhodnocení naměřených průběhů je patrné, že systém Alternativní SkidCaru je možné použít pro změnu adhezní síly přenášené vozidlovými koly. Hmotnost rámu ASC dosahuje ¼ pohotovostní hmotnosti automobilu, proto výsledné naměřené charakteristiky nabývají mírně odlišných průběhů, přesto je ale použitelný.The paper deals with a mutual comparison of the differences in the car\u27s behavior when achieving a reduced adhesion force using a sliding frame and when driving on a slippery surface. The author deals with the possibility of bringing a road vehicle to the limit of skidding, at a safe speed. The aim of this paper aimsdifferences in the behavior of the experimental vehicle with the slip frame system against the behaviour of the experimental vehicle on the slip surface. In both cases, the vehicle motion under reduced adhesion force is monitored. The reduction of the adhesion force occurred when using the sliding frame with the help of a reduction of the radial reaction on the vehicle wheels, in the second case the adhesion force was reduced by a decrease in the coefficient of adhesion. So, the vehicle was moving on a slippery surface. The skid frame is an auxiliary device with four support wheels attached to the attached. By means of hydraulic disposing the support wheels, the radial reactions transmitted by the vehicle wheels can be reduced. In order to reduce the adToe transmitted by the vehicle wheels, part of the given radial reaction of the vehicle wheel is transmitted by the additional support wheels. A slip surface is a specially treated area where the surface is a special filmcharacter when scraped by water, has a significantly lower coefficient of adhesion than a conventional bituminous surface. In the preparation of this paper, experimental measurements were made for both driving modes and compared with each other. An avoidance maneuver between cones maneuver as the driving test. The Alternative SkidCar system helps to create any kind of skidding with respect to both longitudinal and transverse planes of the vehicle, which is not achievable on a skid surface. Alternative SkidCar has its application in the field as an initial tool to validate newly developed electronic vehicle systems and to improve road safety in driver training. In the construction of the test corridor for the Alternative SkidCar system, a modification was made to the slip resistant surface. As the Alternative SkidCar extends beyond the footprint of the vehicle, we had to adapt the corridor layout to the slip surface for this purpose. Evaluation of the measured waveforms shows that the Alternative SkidCar system can be used to modify the adhesion force transmitted by the vehicle wheels. The weight of the ASC frame is ¼ of the kerb weight of the car, tcurbfore the resulting measured characteristics take slightly different waveforms, but it is still applicable
Olga MOJŽÍŠOVÁ – Tomáš BERNHARDT (eds.), Bedřich Smetana. Deníky. Diaries. I. (1840–1847), Praha, Národní muzeum 2022, 736 s. (+ 24 s. obrazové přílohy). ISBN 978-80-7036-724-7 (print), ISBN 978-80-7036-725-4 (pdf).
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The Enlightenment teacher Antonín Borový and music in the light of the Zlatá Koruna school chronicle
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The turn of the 18th and 19th centuries was influenced by extensive educational reforms carried out under the rule of the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. A ’trivial school’ founded according to the newly introduced methods was established by the abbot Bohumír Bylanský in the Cistercian monastery of Zlatá Koruna as early as in 1772. After ten years, Antonín Borový was appointed as a teacher and from then on he worked at Zlatá Koruna until his death in 1832. Borový was very active in the field of literature and music, and wrote three books of Czech short stories. As he was responsible for music in the church, he created a remarkable music collection consisting of more than 400 music manuscripts; 40 pieces were even written by Borový himself. He kept a German class register in which he began to note the political affairs of the period, climatic rarities, and local festivities. These notes also contain descriptions of significant visits, festivities, and the course of the liturgical year in Zlatá Koruna, including their musical accompaniment and the rewards, both financial and in kind, provided for the teacher’s services. Borový’s activity shows how the above-mentioned educational reforms influenced even a small remote village in South Bohemia
The 1866 Prussian Occupation of Prague in the Light of Documents from the City Archives
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While the international political and military issues of the Austro-Prussian War and the effects of the Prussian invasion on selected regions of the Czech lands in 1866 enjoy consistent attention from historiography, contemporary life in Prague – occupied at the time without a fight – paradoxically ranks among the less explored subjects. The following study deals with the events of the summer months of this year, focusing on the key role of the local city government led by the burgomaster Václav Bělský. The author recaps existing works on the topic and presents relevant documents preserved for this period in the Prague City Archives: minutes from council meetings, the agenda of the praesidium, accounting materials, charters, manuscripts, narrative sources, documents of artistic reception, and others. Through the optics of these sources the author shows how city councillors and representatives undertook to supply the occupying garrison and secure public order, while also recalling their care for refugees, the wounded, the unemployed, and starving people. This includes the essential fact that maintaining the viability of the Bohemian capital and preventing fatal losses was successful despite the absence of provincial armed forces, as well as the state authorities and the majority of the assembly, which had been evacuated from Prague in advance
Jindřich FRANCEK, Manželské a jiné vibrace v českých zemích raného novověku, Praha, Havran 2022, 330 s. ISBN 978-80-87341-57-5.
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CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ROAD TRUCK TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY
No full textPřestože hospodářský vývoj České republiky v uplynulé dekádě lze hodnotit jako vcelku pozitivní, vývoj výkonnosti tuzemských silničních nákladních dopravců vykázal v tomto období razantní pokles. Evropská silniční kamionová doprava však byla nucena řešit celou řadu problémů, které na tuzemské dopravce dopadly velmi citelně. Předložená práce si klade za cíl nalézt a určit příčiny tohoto vývoje a poukázat na některé faktory, které nepříznivý vývoj pomohly zvrátit. Although the economic development of the Czech Republic in the past decade can be assessed as entirely positive, the development of the performance of domestic road freight carriers showed a sharp decline during the same period. However, European road truck transport was forced to solve an extensive range of problems, which had a noticeable impact on domestic carriers. The presented paper aims to find and indicate the causes of this development and point out some factors that helped to reverse the unfavorable development
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RAILWAY VEHICLES IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR INTEROPERABILITY
No full textTento přehledový článek se zabývá provozem a údržbou železničních vozidel v kontextu technických specifikací pro interoperabilitu (TSI). Pozornost je věnována zejména novému systému schvalování vozidel a rozšíření systému údržby subjektem zodpovědným za údržbu (ECM) i mimo oblast nákladních vozů, resp. obecně novinkám, které v dané oblasti zavádí tzv. technický pilíř 4. železničního balíčku.This review paper deals with operation and maintenance of railway vehicles in the context of technical specifications for interoperability (TSIs). The attention is paid especially to the new process of vehicle authorization and extension of the maintenance system based on entity in charge of maintenance (ECM) on the locomotives and passenger coaches – generally the news in this branch introduced by the so-called technical pillar of the 4th Railway Package
Self-Education and Narrative Power in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights: (Re)Discovering Marginal Women Characters
No full textDespite the secure position of Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847) in academic and popular culture, the novel may not seem the first choice for a work that features both conventionally appealing characters and reliable narrators as well as modern delineations of class, gender, and race. This study argues that in Wuthering Heights reading, writing, education, and learning resist a unified interpretation, but nonetheless can provide a compass for navigating its unwieldy narrative. In the novel, the landed gentry is above the law of state, and women are at all stages disadvantaged. These depictions come in a continuous social spectrum: the woman who annotates sacred books to write her own story and chooses the cultured gentry but denies her own rough, wild nature (Catherine I), the woman exposed to culture from the cradle who educates the illiterate in a reconciliatory educator-disciple matrimony (Catherine II), the housekeeper born into the servile classes who moves beyond the limits imposed by gentility and social segregation, and has exclusive access to all the personal and social histories embedded within Wuthering Heights (Nelly Dean)
Gender Issues in Comfort Woman by Nora Okja Keller
No full textThrough an exploration of the comfort women system, this article analyzes how the female gender has been oppressed in history. It follows the story of Akiko, the main character of Comfort Woman (1998) by Asian American author Nora Okja Keller. Keller is one of the first authors to write about comfort women, gaining publicity for this issue. This article provides an examination of terms such as sex, gender, and gender issues. Certain concepts influencing American and Asian cultures and their stance towards gender are also analyzed, after which focus is placed on the portrayal of gender roles as illustrated in the novel. The article briefly mentions the history of the relationship between the United States and Korea. The characteristics of the comfort women system are described as well as the causes leading to its establishment such as patriarchy, Confucian traditions, and the exploitability of lower-class society. Additionally, the article highlights how the comfort women issue helped define feminist theory in the US and identifies the transnational nature of the issues involved
Selling Austerity to the Public: Analysing the Rhetoric of the UK Government on its Welfare Cuts
No full textOver the past twelve years, the UK has seen a marked increase in poverty and economic inequality. While numerous factors have contributed to this situation, an undisputedly important role has been played by the continuous program of welfare spending cuts designed and executed by a series of Conservative governments. To alleviate the potential for the unpopularity of austerity measures, the Conservatives have attempted to put a positive spin on their policies by making a series of core claims emphasizing the beneficial effects of the welfare reform. Using the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this paper examines these claims and offers a critique of each of them. In doing so, the research seeks to expose the use of traditional stereotypes (especially that of the “deserving” and “undeserving” poor) in the government’s rhetoric. The paper draws on a corpus of political speeches and media appearances of Conservative politicians, as well as on sociological reports and newspaper coverage. The analysis is principally focused on the two governments led by David Cameron, although some attention is also devoted to subsequent Conservative administrations