Aktuální otázky sociální politiky - teorie a praxe (E-Journal)
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From Eastern Prophets to Syrian Yankees: Tracing the First Generations of Arab American Writers
No full textThe article discusses the first generations of Arab American writers with the aim to identify the narrative strategies they employed. The focus is primarily on the representatives of the Mahjar movement (Khalil Gibran, Ameen Rihani) along with observations of the roles that they adopted through their writing pursuits (the role of the prophet/man of letters). Furthermore, the text examines selected literary works of Salom Rizk, Vance Bourjaily, and William Peter Blatty as the representatives of the second generation of Arab American authors who desired to be identified as Americans. The article argues that in the first two generations of Arab American writers, the authors’ storytelling techniques are generally rooted either in self-orientalizing narrative strategies as represented by the character of an “Eastern prophet” or by an assimilating strategy epitomized by the character of a “Syrian Yankee.
White Emotion and White Scopophilia: The Myth of Docile and Brute Blacks
No full textThis article investigates the resilience of the docility and brutality myths attributed to African Americans as demonstrated by three fairly recent film renditions. The focus is on the historical origins and the continued relevance of these tropes through white scopophilia and cognitive dissonance. The myths are analyzed in terms of their role in justifying racial hierarchies and reinforcing white supremacy within historical and contemporary contexts. Through a critical examination of historical texts by Lerone Bennett Jr. and portrayals in films such as Django Unchained and Twelve Years a Slave, the study demonstrates how these stereotypes are alternately emphasized or diminished to maintain white dominance. It argues that white America constructs African American identities with a strategic oscillation between docility and brutality to sustain control and alleviate white guilt. This manipulation is facilitated by psychological mechanisms that allow white individuals to hold contradictory beliefs about race without recognizing their inconsistencies. By detailing the dynamic usage of these myths, the article highlights how they are not static, but are strategically deployed to reaffirm white moral and authoritative supremacy as needed. The conclusion calls for a critical reassessment of racial representations in media and historical narratives to disrupt these enduring racial myths
The Nobility of the Danube Monarchy and the Bavarian Order of the Knights of St. George: The Case of Eduard III Collalto e San Salvatore
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This article describes the history and rituals of the Bavarian Order of St. George as a member of the Austrian aristocracy, Eduard (Odoardo) III Collalto, experienced them in 1802–1803, when he entered the order and made his way through its ranks from a Knight through a Commander to the highest rank of the Grand Commander. It first describes the history of the order and then it continues to the history of the House of Collalto, after which it describes the ceremonies Count Eduard Collalto experienced. The possible reasons why the aristocrats of the Habsburg monarchy entered the order of the Bavarian Elector are also considered. In conclusion it offers two possible reasons why Count Collalto joined the order; the confirmation of his nobility, which the Order offered, and possible hesitation regarding serving the Austrian Emperor after Venice, where Count Collalto had started a promising career, had been annexed to the Austrian Empire in 1797
“Nature’s Work:” Carolus Clusius and His Ties to the Sidney Circle
No full textPhilip Sidney’s European sojourn (1572-1577) was undoubtedly a formative experience, one that shaped his political and literary development. Unsurprisingly, it has received much commentary. Nevertheless, one rather neglected sphere of influence on Sidney’s education that deserves fuller attention is the coterie of high-standing and learned figures based in Central Europe, many of whom Sidney either corresponded with or met in person. This essay will consider the role of Carolus Clusius (1526-1609), a distinguished French botanist employed at the imperial court in Vienna. The influence of Clusius in Sidney’s intellectual circle and Sidney’s correspondence network will be surveyed, as well as whether Sidney’s exposure to the work of Clusius and other botanists, physicians and emblematists would have inspired Sidney’s ideas
Celostátní vědecká studentská konference Historie 2024 (zpráva z konference)
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT OF TRANSPORT CONSUMPTION – AN EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE FOR GENERATION Z
No full textThis paper brings together two very topical and important themes. The first is the issue of the environmental footprint of transport consumption and the second is the current educational challenges of Generation Z representatives. The paper focuses on a combination of both topics, respectively addressing the education of Generation Z on the topic of the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The paper is prepared using a primary representative survey method based on an online questionnaire survey of representatives of Generation Z (secondary school students in the Czech Republic). The aim of the paper is to identify the educational challenges of the generation Z (studying at secondary schools in the Czech Republic) in the thematic area of the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The results clearly show the necessity of using audio-visual educational content and linking theory and practice, for example in the form of case studies. Generation Z wants quick, concise, up-to-date, interesting, and interactive information. Generation Z representatives clearly confirm the need to address human environmental impacts in education, adding that not enough time is devoted to them. They also confirm that there is a lack of study materials in this subject area and that they are not developed in a user-friendly way. Representatives of Generation Z are interested in further education on the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The findings of this paper can help both secondary school teachers, as well as school and curriculum developers and educational policy and strategy makers
The Role of Christian Women in Ritual Murder Accusations in the 16th–18th centuries
No full textThe main aim of this paper is to discuss the role of Christian women in ritual murder accusations that took place in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Although the specificity of this issue might suggest that only the figures of Jewish women were considered, the reality was in fact quite different. In many cases, the deeds of Christian women were the most important element determining the course of events. Particular attention is given here to the various roles assigned to Christian women. They were perceived not only as accusers and defenders of the faith, but also as betrayers and accomplices to crimes. As such, it is necessary to consider their motives as well as the position and roles traditionally attributed to women in Christian culture. This study is based first and foremost on anti-Jewish booklets printed within the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1546 and 1772, but also draws upon information from trial records relating to the cases of ritual murder accusations, which serve as complementary sources. The comparison of these two different sources makes it possible to arrive at a clearer picture of the past and to achieve a better understanding of the issues reshaped by the authors of the booklets. Because of that, anti-Jewish literature took the form of a specific kind of manipulation that used fear and anxiety to create a social reality that profoundly shaped attitudes towards Jews and women of the Christian faith
Job Satisfaction Audit in Hospital: Qalitative Case Study
No full textIntroduction: The shortage of healthcare professionals, their turnover, and the risk of burnout are critical issues in healthcare organizations, impacting the quality and safety of care. This study, based on contractual research, aimed to identify the factors influencing employee satisfaction in new hospital facilities. Aim: This article presents an audit of job satisfaction using the JD-R model in a healthcare facility to improve employee stability and well-being, thus improving quality and safety of care. It aims to show a methodological approach applicable in healthcare management and other services. Methods: The extended JD-R model (Job Demands-Resources model) was used as the theoretical framework. The analysis of negative and positive factors that influence job satisfaction was based on data collected from anonymous semi-structured interviews. Thematic and narrative analysis, as well as the study of internal documents, was also used, and evidence-based results were presented in a final synthesis. Results: The methodological approach provided valuable findings to improve care. The key positive factors that influenced job satisfaction included the prospects for permanent employment and the levels of salary. Significant negative factors were concerns about personal safety and dissatisfaction with medical personnel. Conclusions: The study’s final report, presented to top management, outlined the positive and negative factors affecting job satisfaction and well-being. Management expressed willingness to act on the findings and provided specific examples during the presentation of the results. Although the transferability of results is limited, the methodological approach is inspiring and applicable in healthcare organizations.Introduction: The shortage of healthcare professionals, their turnover, and the risk of burnout are critical issues in healthcare organizations, impacting the quality and safety of care. This study, based on contractual research, aimed to identify factors influencing employee satisfaction in new hospital facilities.
Aim: This article presents an audit of job satisfaction using the JD-R model in a healthcare facility to improve employee stability and well-being, thereby enhancing care quality and safety. It aims to showcase a methodological approach applicable in healthcare management and other services.
Method: The extended JD-R model (Job Demands-Resources model) was used as the theoretical framework. The analysis of negative and positive factors that influence job satisfaction was based on data collected from anonymous semi-structured interviews. Thematic and narrative analysis, as well as the study of internal documents, was also used and evidence-based results were presented in a final synthesis.
Results: The methodological approach delivered valuable findings for improving care. Key positive factors influencing job satisfaction included prospects of permanent employment and salary levels. Significant negative factors were concerns about personal safety and dissatisfaction with medical staffing.
Conclusion: The study’s final report, presented to top management, outlined the positive and negative factors affecting job satisfaction and well-being. Management expressed willingness to act on the findings and provided specific examples during the results presentation. While the results’ transferability is limited, the methodological approach is inspiring and applicable in healthcare organizations
Czech-ing Shakespeare: Tracing Shakespeare’s Influence (not only) in Czech Advertisements
No full textShakespeare’s plays are indisputably among the most translated, staged, and adapted works for both theatre and screen. The texts undergo updating, recontextualization, and transcultural adaptation to engage audiences across different age groups, thereby facilitating their reception. This article explores Shakespeare’s position in modern popular culture. Initially, Shakespeare’s status in popular culture is discussed, drawing on the concepts of Graham Holderness (1988), Douglas Lanier (2002, 2006), and Marjorie Garber (2008). The article then examines selected popular Shakespearean representations, such as Richard Burt’s concept of “Schlockspeare” (2002), which focuses on the use of catchphrases, references, along with both textual and visual allusions to Shakespeare in advertising (e.g. mortgage loans from Commercial Bank, a Shakespeare-inspired yogurt, etc.). The objective is to demonstrate that popular culture serves to disseminate Shakespeare’s work without diminishing its inherent value, echoing Graham Holderness’s assertion that Shakespeare is, here, now, always, what is currently being made of him.
Eduard MÜHLE, Slované ve středověku. Mezi ideou a skutečností, Praha, Argo 2023, 567 s. ISBN 978-80-257-3939-6.
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