Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi: E-Journals
Not a member yet
1863 research outputs found
Sort by
Growth Optimization of Several Varieties of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla Planifolia Andrews) using Various Light Intensities
Get PDFVanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is one of the plantation commodities in Indonesia that has high economic value. The vanilla plant requires specific climatic conditions to thrive. This research was conducted to determine the influence of sunlight intensity on the growth of various vanilla varieties and to identify the optimal light intensity for developing superior and local vanilla plants. The study took place at the Ayem Farmers Group in the Learning House unit of Vanilla mBajing located in Sinogo Village, Pagerharjo, Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, from May to July 2023. A complete randomized design (CRD) factorial experiment was applied, with the first factor being the varieties - Vania 2 and local vanilla - and the second factor being the types of shade - no shade, jackfruit tree shade, and teak tree shade, resulting in 6 treatment combinations with each treatment consisting of 4 replications. The research results indicated no growth differences between Vania 2 and local vanilla varieties. The light intensity received by vanilla plants varied depending on the shading. Teak and jackfruit trees can be used as shading options in vanilla cultivation as they provide optimal sunlight intensity, resulting in 36% and 46% yields, respectively
Diversity of Pest Types and Natural Enemies in Plantations Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)
Get PDFThe types of pests that attack sorghum plants are very diverse, ranging from the germination phase to harvest. This is the main obstacle in efforts to increase sorghum production. These pests have different behaviors, morphologies, and ecobiologies. The aim of this research is to identify all types of pests and natural enemies that disturb sorghum plants. This research was conducted on sorghum farming land in Pantai Gemi village, Stabat subdistrict, Langkat district, Medan, from March to July 2022. Morphological identification was carried out using the sweeping net method, yellow sticky traps, and pitfall traps. The results of the research showed that there were 126 weaver ants. (Oecophlla Smaragdina ), 83 black ants ( Dolichoderus thoracicus ), and some of the pests that were caught and the least were 14 seed flies ( Atrigona soccata ) and 12 dragonflies ( Trithemis arteriosa). is the type of pest that most often attacks sorghum plants. By identifying pests and natural enemies, it is hoped that we can control pests effectively and integratedly in sorghum cultivation
Morphological Diversity of Double Petal Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) in Several Flower Colors
Get PDFTelang is a plant that grows wild and is cultivated by the people of Indonesia. Telang flowers originate from Ternate Island, Maluku, Indonesia. The most widely used part of Telang, especially in food coloring, is the flower, where Telang flowers can produce a blue color. This study aims to assess the diversity of four types of double-petal Telang flowers based on plant morphology. This study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK) with treatments in 4 colors of double-petal Telang flowers. The number of replications required was 5 replications, so there were 20 experimental blocks, each experimental block was planted with 3 plants, the number of samples taken from each experimental block was 2 plants and 3 flower samples were taken from each plant. Morphological observations were made directly in the field; the morphological characters observed included varieties and generative. For each color 10 plants were selected. The results of this study show that some types of Telang showed good growth, such as plant height, and then, for the generative period, no significant difference was produced between the types of Telang. Some of the morphology of leaves and flowers have visible similarities. This study's conclusion is based on observing vegetative, generative, and morphological characters of several types of Telang. The observations found that in the vegetative period, some Telang tended to grow fast, but the purple and blue Telang had the highest plant height. Then, in the generative period, the average observation of several types of Telang was not significantly different. The morphology of Telang itself also still has similarities, such as leaf morphology and Telang flowers
Preferences of Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes sp) for Monocotyledonous Plants and Dicotyledonous Plants on Mineral Land
Get PDFSubterranean termites are recognized for their capacity to damage various plant species, regardless of their productivity. These termites can launch attacks with varying degrees of intensity, targeting both trees and living plants, particularly in agricultural settings such as oil palm and rubber plantations, as well as in industrial forests comprising species like pine and eucalyptus. Characterized by its tropical climate, Indonesia exhibits high levels of environmental humidity, warmth, and organic matter in the soil, which further supports termite activity in a study conducted in the Tj. Keliling Village Plantation area of Salapian District, Langkat Regency, ten bait woods were randomly planted in a rectangular plot measuring 12 meters in length and 7 meters in width. The spacing between the rows of bait wood was set at 30 cm, while the distance between individual bait wood columns was 60 cm. A descriptive method was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed varying percentages of damage among different types of bait wood: 10% for Pinang wood, 5% for coconut wood, 18.3% for oil palm wood, 33.3% for durian wood, 73.3% for teak wood, and the highest damage percentage of 77.3% for kapok wood. The attraction of termites to plants situated on mineral soil is attributed to the latter's role in enhancing humidity, which is a critical factor facilitating the rapid growth and proliferation of subterranean termites. Consequently, the intensity of their attacks can occur at any time until appropriate management measures are implemented
Effectiveness of Using Liquid Organic Fertilizer Rice Wash and Coffee Grounds to Increase the Growth of Tomato Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Get PDFTomato plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) are horticultural vegetable plants that are included in the eggplant group. Tomato plants are very much needed in the community because tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable ingredients in several types of vegetables. This study observed the growth of tomato plants under the influence of POC treatment of Rice Water and Coffee Grounds Waste. The method used in this study was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three replications to see how the POC of rice washing water and coffee grounds waste affected the growth of tomato plants ( Allium ascalonicum L. ). With three types of treatment concentrations 0 (control), 100, 200ml POC and 0 (control), 75g, and 150g coffee grounds waste. The results of this research show that plants with a dose of 200ml POC have a high growth rate compared to other doses. With the same plant age, plant stem height occurred at a dose of 200ml, while the lowest number of leaves occurred at a dose of 0. This study found that administering a 200ml POC dose at 3MST showed a significant dose level, compared to other dose treatments. The results of this research show that a dose of 200ml POC of rice washing water is very suitable for the growth process of tomato plants, and the findings of this research can be used as a condition for getting tomato plant growth results
Micropropagation of Orchids (Cattleya sp) by adding Plantain Extract and Activated Charcoal to MS Media by in-vitro
Get PDFThe Cattleya sp orchid, which belongs to the Orchidaceae family, is a popular ornamental plant that is widely enjoyed around the world. It is natural for orchids to be very difficult to cultivate, and in vitro techniques are one way to reproduce Cattleya sp orchids in controlled conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the growth of Cattleya sp orchid explants by introducing different levels of plantain extract and activated charcoal to MS media in a controlled environment. The research design employed a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving 2 treatments: banana extract (with concentrations of 0 g/l, 25 g/l, 50 g/l, and 75 g/l) and activated charcoal (with concentrations of 0 g/l, 1 g/l, 2 g/l, and 3 g/l). The results indicated that the concentration of banana extract had a notable impact on the average number of leaves (5.00), the number of roots (7.92), and the length of the roots (1.31 cm). The ideal concentration of banana extract is 50 grams per liter of MS medium. A single treatment of activated charcoal had a significant effect on Cattleya sp orchid explants, with the best concentration of activated charcoal being 2 g/l MS media. This resulted in a leaf length of 1.28 cm, 7.44 roots, and a root length of 1.38 cm. In the meantime, the combination of plantain extract and activated charcoal did not significantly affect any of the parameter
Growth and Production Character Response of Kuantan Singingi Local Rice Mutants Resulting from Gamma Irradiation
Get PDFRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crucial crop with significant importance in various regions. In Riau, specifically in Kuantan Singingi Regency, it ranks as the fourth largest area for rice production, showcasing numerous local rice varieties with substantial development potential. This study aimed to generate mutants exhibiting early maturity and reduced plant height through gamma-ray induced mutations. A non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) was employed, with the primary factor being the irradiation dose: R0 served as the control group without radiation, while the experimental group received an irradiation dose of 300 Gy, determined to be effective in prior research. Each treatment was replicated five times, utilizing a total of 600 plants per treatment. The findings indicated that rice plants subjected to 300 Gy irradiation exhibited shorter heights compared to those in the control group. Additionally, the stem circumference of plants irradiated with 300 Gy was significantly greater than that of the non-irradiated plants. Furthermore, the number of productive tillers was higher in the 300 Gy group compared to the control. However, the harvest age for rice plants exposed to 300 Gy was extended relative to those without radiation. Conversely, the length of the flag leaf in rice plants irradiated at 300 Gy was shorter than that of the control group. There remains a considerable need for data on the desired characteristics of rice mutants to facilitate advanced breeding efforts
Review - Soil Sulfur Dynamics and Their Role in Plant Growth and Development
Get PDFSulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, crucial for protein synthesis, enzyme function, and chlorophyll production. In acidic tropical soils, sulfur dynamics are influenced by various factors, particularly soil acidity, organic matter content, and microbial activity. This review explores the sources, transformation, availability, and cycling of Sulfur in acidic tropical soils, emphasizing its role in agriculture and ecosystem sustainability, focusing on the sources, transformation, and factors affecting sulfur availability. The weathering of minerals, especially from sulfate and sulfide minerals, contributes to the long-term supply of Sulfur in soil ecosystems. Microbial activity and soil temperature play key roles in the mineralization process of Sulfur. Plants' sulfate absorption is affected by soil conditions, including pH, texture, and organic matter content. Data indicate that acidic conditions can inhibit microbial activity, reducing sulfur availability. These findings suggest that the importance of managing sulfur availability to enhance agricultural yields in acidic tropical soils and the potential for developing microbe-based fertilizers to improve nutrient absorption efficiency by plant
Digital Fish Image Segmentation Using U-Net for Shape Feature Extraction
Get PDFSegmentation of digital images of fish is an important challenge in image processing in the field of marine biology and aquaculture. Extraction of fish shape features through image segmentation can improve accuracy in species identification and fish population monitoring. The U-Net method, which is based on deep learning, has been proven effective in medical image segmentation and is beginning to be applied in fish image segmentation. This study aims to develop a fish digital image segmentation method using U-Net architecture for accurate and efficient fish shape feature extraction. The dataset used consists of 500 fish images of various shapes and sizes collected from various sources. The fish images were processed using a U-Net artificial neural network, which was trained and tested to obtain the best segmentation results, with evaluation using Intersection over Union (IoU). The segmentation results show that the U-Net method can produce precise segmentation, with a high degree of accuracy in extracting fish shape features. Evaluation of the segmentation metrics resulted in an IoU value of 0.88, indicating excellent performance in distinguishing the fish object from the background and accurately mapping the fish shape. The fish digital image segmentation method using U-Net is effective for fish shape feature extraction and can be applied in fish species identification and aquatic ecosystem monitoring
The Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Controlling Cylindrocladium sp., The Cause of Leaf Blight on Eucalyptus pellita Seedlings by In-Vitro
Get PDFCylindrocladium sp is a fungus that causes leaf blight on Eucalyptus pellita seedlings. Endophytic bacteria are an alternative biological control that can reduce the risk of environmental pollution and reduce resistance by pathogens. This research aims to obtain endophytic bacteria that have potential as biocontrol agents and to characterize isolates that inhibit more than 30%. Testing was carried out using the dual culture method on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) media. The results of the antagonism test showed that the endophytic bacterial isolates E320 and E323 were able to form an inhibition zone of more than 30%, namely 38.79% and 41.25% and had the potential to act as biocontrol agents for Cylindrocladium sp., which causes leaf blight on eucalyptus. The characteristics of isolate E320 were that it was able to produce protease, cellulase and siderophore activities, while isolate E323 was only able to produce proteas