Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universit: Open Journal Systems / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
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NATIONAL BRANDING: THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS (CASE STUDY OF LATVIA, ESTONIA AND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA)
Get PDFIn the article are considered theoretical, conceptual and methodological bases of researching national branding. The authors note that, the effective national branding contributes to building an adequate image of the country and acquiring desired positions in the global political system and is aimed at strengthening the global competitiveness of the state and its international political influence.The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of the Latvian, Estonian and Republic of Moldova experience in domain of creation of national brand
Changes in the Eastern Policy of Popes in XIII Century and Georgia
No full textTransformation in the Eastern policy of Popes since the fourth Crusade (seizure of Constantinople in 1204, Mongol invasion) caused the emergence of new medieval legends and contributed to the search for a new political tactics. The policy of the Popes Innocent IV and Gregory X and their attitude towards the East played a crucial role in this regard.
The analysis of travel notes and letters of papal legates, as well as those of missionary monks, could help to reconsider both - the politics of Catholic Church in the Far East and the results of these changes in Georgia. These sources highlight the growing interest of the Catholic World toward Georgia. The number of letters und appeals to Eastern Churches and vice versa increased, contacts became more active and intense. The Georgian Church had its special place among other Eastern Churches. However, Georgian political rulers maintained their traditional faith and the Georgian Church remained independent
The Problems of Migrant Students in Georgia (2013-1019)
No full textThe phenomenon of migration in the modern world became a complex issue for research because of the increased scope and other actual reasons. Migration changed face, scopes and directions, got attention from states and international organizations, became the main subject of social, political, cultural problems and marked itself in the daily agenda. Migration of various groups is increasing from year to year, including student migration, which is one of the most relevant and large-scale processes in the 21st century.
The paper aims to identify the main social, cultural and economic problems, which are faced by migrant students living in Georgia; to explain differences of cultural barriers, which the students with different cultural background have to overcome on the way of integration into the Georgian society. Modern theories of migration comprise the theoretical framework of our research, namely, the assimilation theory and racial/ethnic non affordable condition models were used.
Qualitative research methods include:
• Analysis of secondary materials and scientific literature;
• In-depth interview with 18 migrant students of various origins: 6 from India, 6 from Near East and 6 from African countries. 9 female and 9 male persons participated in this process. The criteria for the selection are: citizenship of different countries, an active student status in Georgia and the age from18 to 30. Georgian students also participated in the research: 12 students were selected: 3 female and 3 male students, who have relations with migrant students; and 3 female and 3 male students, who have no experience of relations with them.
The study has the following limitations:
• Problems of integration of the European and American students are not discussed;
• Extended public attitude towards migrant students is not presented in the paper.
The main findings of the research could be listed as follows:
• Migrant students have difficulties of interaction with the local population;
• Language barrier is one of the main problems;
• Most of the respondents werethe objects of discrimination in different times;
• Discrimination and xenophobic attitudes decrease over time;
• Attitude of Georgian students towards the migrant classmates is heterogeneous;
• Male migrant students face social and cultural problems more than female ones
The Content Analysis of the Georgian Left-Wing Internet Publications
No full text The study examines three Georgian leftist websites: the Anarchist Library, European.ge, and the Tbilisi Fabian Society. The Anarchist Library represents the interests of Georgian anarchists, while the other two have more social-democratic orientation. The research is relevant, because in recent years, the leftist groups from these internet platforms were the main participants of the frequent social protests. We can consider these websites as the tool for organization and the dissemination of ideas, and communication with broader society. The paper will conduct the content analysis of the publications displayed on these platforms, and will attempt categorize them and find the common context among them
Comparative Analysis of the Laws of Georgia and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the State Language
Get PDFThe article uses a comparative-legal method to conduct an analysis of the Law on Languages of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Organic Law on the State Language of Georgia. The structure of these laws, their preambles, the constitutional status of the state languages, types of languages, the scope of use of the state languages, issues of their protection and development, responsibility for breaking the law and the issues of compulsory knowledge of the state language are compared in this article. By a comparative analysis of the aforementioned aspects not only the importance of languages, as of social mechanisms associated with the means of communication and the identity of people but also the threats that they encounter over time are indicated. The difficulties faced by state languages of both countries, how legislation solves challenges and how Georgia and Kazakhstan can share each other’s experiences in this field were studied
Multimdia Texsts as the Object of Discourse Analysis
No full textIn modern societies communication has acquired particular relevance. As a result, a new tendency in communication studies, viz. multimedia communication studies, has emerged. E.W.B. Hess-Lutich places special emphasis on the studies in question, considering them a part of semiotic field. However, he also admits that studies on the semiotics of multimedia communication do not have a long tradition, since technological progress determines the constant renewal of the object of study (Hess-Lutich 1992-431).
Since any kind of text is created within a particular cultural space, the texture of modern literary as well as non-liteary texts is open for any type of signs. The investigation of different types of media reveals the diversity of graphical substratum in the texture of texts, which implies that the approach to be applied should be interdisciplinary. In addition, depending on the features of the context, texts create a corpus, a unity of texts employing various codes; conveying the same modality, the unity in question forms discourse.
In the case of multimedia texts, signs and codes are even more versatile, without the underlying modality they cannot create texture. In the latter signs/images create a visual discourse which is an extension of a verbal one, and whose analysis is based upon a different methodology. Studies of the textures of multimedia nature place discourse linguistics within the framework of discourse semiotics.
By integrating the methodologies for verbal and visual aspects of discourse analysis, the paper aims to show the relevance of graphical substratum in discourse
Salome Zourabichvili’s inaugural address
No full textPresidential inaugural is a major public-political ceremony. The inaugural adress here has a special importance. President's messages to the people remain in the history and we can evaluete how the President fulfilled its promises. Salome Zourabichvili's inaugural speech is discussed within the scope of the epidemic rhetoric. (1) The inaugural address unify the audience as "the people” ,the nation" who must recognize the authority of the president; (2) rehearse the values of the past as the source of the tradition of the nation; (3) establishes the political principles that the new administration must guide; (4) emphasizes the responsibility of the presidential institution.
Modification of Political Personification during the Presidential Election Campaign in Georgia
No full textThe policy has become especially personified in recent decades. The weakness of parties as a representative of public interests is named as a major reason of personalization of politics, however in other opinion, the growing influence of the media and the political elite as well as strengthen of related persons promotes personalization of politics. The post-Soviet countries, including Georgia are characterized by the personification of politics and especially election campaign. The interest in study issue selected by me is caused by the fact that the personalization of politics is especially remarkable during the presidential election and the nature of the elections itself. The electorate chooses a particular person, which significantly determines the personalization of the elections. In such a time the voter makes choice by focusing on the person, the consultants construct communication strategy based on the person and the media presents the policy at the level of individual confrontation and not in the context of program-ideological competition. In the presented article are discusses the election campaigns of five presidents in terms of personification. As a result, the main characteristics and personification types were identified in the conditions of eight election campaigns. The mentioned material creates grounds for in-depth analyzes and reasonable conclusions
New Memory – New Identity: Active Forgetting in the Process of the Formation of New Memory (Georgia in the 1990s and 2000s)
Get PDFThe paper discusses the problem of distancing from the past and strategies of forgetting which were used in Georgia in the last years of the USSR and the first years of independence. New future of the country required the “new past”. On the first stage of its construction which started from the end of the 1980s and lasted approximately a decade, active forgetting quite often expressed in the form of the revenge on the past was the main strategy of dealing with the Soviet past. On the next stage, the above-mentioned form was not abandoned, however, the accent in the politics of memory was shifted to the passive forgetting and the construction of new sites of memory
Football and Nationalism in Georgia in the 1960s-1980s
No full textThe present article sets out the basic factors of football as a catalyst for nationalism in Soviet Georgia throughout 1960s-1980s. It reveals how important were the events which took place in Georgian football and how they influenced the intensification and expression of local nationalistic sentiments under the Soviet regime. The article focuses on the view that football became the arena of expressing national self-consciousness under the Soviet governance, which resulted in intensifying Georgian nationalism through supporting the mass mobilization process.
Taking into consideration all the above-mentioned factors, the following questions can be raised: What was the environment which created Georgian football as an important catalyst in blooming Georgian nationalism like? How did those influences emerge within the Georgian society? What were the concrete factors which determined the role of football in shaping Georgian nationalism during the 1960s-1980s? The topic is worth researching since Georgian football had adopted the role of national dignity for the people living within the Soviet borders in the 1960s-1980s. In particular, Tbilisi Dinamo Football Club can be named as the shelter of Georgian nation’s pride. This role was illustrated through various processes which took place around Georgian football. At the same time, social dimensions of football affecting the overall attitudes of the societies have not been comprehensively explored.
Foreign academic works on football and its influence on the development of various societies have been reviewed in order to check the above-mentioned view. Through them have been distinguished the main mechanisms which turned football into a phenomenon for deriving and intensifying nationalism. They are analysed through creating the relevant theoretical framework and methodological structure. Soviet Nationalities Policy was the general frame which transformed a mere sports event into the arena for satisfying nationalistic feelings. But football itself is a game which contains all the elements necessary for mass mobilization processes. That is why Georgian football could easily become the instrument for both, political elites in the Party and people of the Soviet Union.
Soviet nationalities policy was based on the idea according to which all the peoples within the USSR should have had their own glorious past, traditions and culture. The Communist Party took special care of promoting local cultures by implementing relevant educational, social and scientific policies. Soviet approach towards the issue permanently encouraged “great traditions” of the locals even if the invention of traditions was necessary (Slezkine, 1994). Soviet nationalities policy contained the premise according to which each of the republics should have maintained the unique identity-determining markers. Throughout the 1960s-1980s the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic had its own anthem, flag, as well as football teams. Those teams were not officially labeled as “national” ones, but they were more national than any other European National Teams.
Another dimension of football as a factor for strengthening nationalism in Georgia is the game itself. When we talk about mass mobilization around football, fans as an institute become an important stakeholder in the process. Through its complexity football may become even the subject of anthropological research (Budka & Jacono, 2013). Football is a glue of individuals into a team. As Glen Duerr notes the millions of individuals as an imagined communities seem more real and tangible when they gather around the 11-man team. This is because even a single person participating in a national chanting becomes the symbol of the nation (Duerr, 2016; Hunter, 2010). Besides football is clash-based process of fighting for the victory. This characteristic of the game easily makes it the symbol of nation’s fight for the glory (Baker, 2016).
Successful achievements performed by Dinamo Tbilisi Football Club were of great importance during the 1960s-1980s. The key events on this path were winning the the USSR championship for the first time on November 18, 1964. Through its existence the club obtained the USSR championship cup for the first time in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in the final match against Torpedo Moscow FC. But the peak of the emotional boost of the Georgian nation was on 13 May 1981, when Dinamo Tbilisi won the UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup against FC Carl Zeiss Jena. Both events were celebrated in Georgia as a national holiday. Thousands of people came out into the streets of Tbilisi congratulating one another. Huge demonstrations were held, which showed the obvious emotional robust of the national pride: people carried the banners with the typical Georgian chants, songs, poems and all the possible expressions showing the gratefulness of the nation. The Footballers were met at the airport with the honour they deserved.
The club, which was considered as the symbolic national team of the Soviet Republic of Georgia, was supported throughout every single region of the republic. It was practically unimaginable to get tickets for the games of Dinamo Tbilisi. Georgians were seeking shelter for their national pride at the Lenin, present-day Boris Paichadze National Stadium. Foootball played a big role in the process of unifying the nation. Its influence on the perceptions of the unique Georgian style is obvious even now, after almost three decades since the dissolution of the USSR