Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universit: Open Journal Systems / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
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Parliamentary Elections of Georgia 2020 Party Funding
No full textParliamentary elections were held in Georgia on October 31, 2020. According to the amendments, when the parties only needed to cross the 1% threshold to enter parliament, the threshold was crossed by 9 parties and the representatives of these parties were granted the status of members of parliament.Political parties try to win the votes of the population not only for parliamentary seats, but also their financing depends on the votes received in the elections. The two main ways to get funding for them are budget funding and donations. Unequal distribution of donations (in most cases in favor of the ruling party) creates an unequal pre-election environment for the opposing parties, which to some extent also affects the choice of the population. Uninformed choices hinder the development of the country. The 2020 elections were no exception, and the ruling party again surpassed all rivals in terms of donations, although the elections were still different from previous years. In this paper we will try to present the budget funding and donations in the pre-election period for the 9 parties that overcame the 1% threshold in the proportional system and entered the parliament. The paper will rely on NGO surveys and reports, CEC data, information published in the media and official documents published by the Audit Office of the Financing Department of Party
RADICAL ISLAM. RECRUITMENT MECHANISMS IN IMMEDIATE NEIGHBORHOOD WITH EUROPEAN UNION
Get PDFThis article attempts to identify the recruitment mechanisms of the Islamists in immediate neighborhood with European Union. The Republic of Moldova becomes a more and more attractive land for the immigrants from other countries, being situated in immediate neighborhood with the European Union. The first signs of specific religious expressions of radical essence in the Republic of Moldova appeared in 90’s through some national and international public associations and infiltration of radical clerics in several religious groups. The number and the dynamics of activities developed by the above mentioned organizations had varied from case to case, but the great majority of these were planned by non-governmental organizations from abroad. Such activities were generally led by people already implicated in radical groups or movements, or that were in contact with the members of such groups for different reasons, such as: financing, propagandistic material distribution, organization of religious facilities, trips abroad etc., cooperating with NGO-s from Balkans, Western Europe and Africa/Asia. As concerns the premises of recruitment process, the following features are identified: the spread of Islamic cult; "abusive proselytizing"; the concentration of Arab community on promoting their values, particularly the attempts to impose these values. The social and economic vulnerability of the society, as well as the political instability along with the inability of the state to ensure a good living standard of the population, the errors done during the incipient phase of the democratic reforms had weakened the institutions whose main role is to defend the human rights of the population. At the same time the control adulteration over the internal political evolutions, have caused the constant decline of the citizens’ trust in the state. As a result, all these reasons created precedents for the recruitment process of the Moldovan citizens.
Person, scholar, citizen (living memory of Vazha Keshelava)
No full textThe author recalls episodes of his 20 years of cooperation with Vazha Keshelava, who reveals him as a scholar and a person.
The Representatives of National Minorities in the Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919-1921)
No full textThe paper reflects on the works and activities of the representatives of national minorities in the Constituent Assembly of Georgia in 1919-1921, through the analysis of the documents, stenographic reports of the sessions of the constituent assembly and those-days Georgian press and archival materials.
The government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia granted extensive rights to the national minorities residing in the country and tried their integration into the socio-political life of the newly created state. To this end, the significant work was undertaken by the governing political party – the Social Democratic Worker’s Party of Georgia – which ensured representation of all significant national minorities of the country into the constituent assembly through its party list.
The paper analysis the activities of the representatives of national minorities in the Constituent Assembly of Georgia and reflects on their biographies to highlight their future fate in the emigration or under the Bolshevik repressions
The Consistuent Assembly of Georgia and Issues of Russian-Georgian Relations (April-May 1920)
No full textThe article depicts the attitude of the Consistuent Assembly, the Supreme Legislative Body of the Democratic Republic of Georgia to events taking place between the Soviet Russia and Georgia in April-May 1920: At the end of April 1920, the Soviet regime was almost invigorated in Azerbaijan, there was revealed union of the Soviet Russia and Turkey of Mustafa Kemal, which, according to Georgian politicians, resembled the "Brest-Litovsk New Deal" for division of the South Caucasus.
The threat of Bolshevism actually threatened Georgia as well. In this situation, the Democratic Republic of Georgia expressed its readiness both to defend itself and negotiate with the Soviet Russia. The developments showed that both of these proved to be necessary: By the beginning of May 1920, Red Army units invaded the territory of Georgia from within Azerbaijan. The Georgian Armed Forces repulsed the enemy and forced them to retreat.
Negotiations with the Soviet Russia on May 7, 1920 also led to the conclusion of a peace treaty between the two countries in Moscow. Under the treaty, Russia unconditionally acknowledged Georgia’s state independence and recognized it within its historical borders.
There are revealed unknown before details of the negotiations between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Soviet Russia in May 1920 in Moscow; are covered the views of the Georgian political spectrum within the Consistuent Assembly on Bolshevism as a political regime of the Soviet Russia, its imperialist nature and ideology; There is analyzed the work of the sessions of the Supreme Legislative Body of Georgia on April 30, 1920 and May 11, 1920, dealing with critical issues concerning the regulation of relations between Russia and Georgi
The Impact of the Association Agreement on the Labour Inspection Institute (from 2014 to present)
No full textGeorgia has signed the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014. Beside the benefits, which are provided to the country of Georgia from the EU in the frame of the agreement, Georgia also took responsibility to fulfill several tasks, including the responsibility to approximate the agenda of Georgia’s public policy to the standards of the EU governance.The signing of the Association Agreement had strongly influenced the area of labour relations in Georgia and created the necessity to introduce several new regulations and even to create and strengthen various institutions, one of such institutions is the labour inspection, the main function of this institute is to provide the safety of workers at their workplace.We try to inquire the build-up process of labour inspection in the context of the Association Agreement with the EU, the aim of the work is to describe the formation process of the workers’ right advocating institute, which institute is eligible to fundamentally influence the labour relations standards in Georgi
Electoral Systems of the Western European Countries
No full textElections are the basis of democratic governance. If they are held in free and fair manner then the population has greater chances to be heard and feel part of exercise power. Electoral systems play a significant role in the political process in a state because they determine how votes cast for political parties or coalitions are translated into parliamentary mandates. The total number of votes gained by a political party can result in the victory of the said party under an electoral system, or defeat under another electoral system. This article describes and classifies the electoral systems in Western Europe. Most countries in Western Europe use proportional representation rules for the election of their parliament. We will focus on the presentation of the features of the proportional electoral system, which changes in different countries, depending on the specifics of the country itself. We will study the problems or successes, which this electoral system brings to these countries
Russian-Georgian Relations in the Captivity of the Past (History and Politics)
No full textGeorgia had been the victim of the Russian aggression at different times. The same is true for the contemporary period. Russia, acting in empire spirit, aims at conquering the South Caucasus. The occupation of Abkhazia andSouth Ossetiamarked the beginning of another round of attack Georgia.The normalization of the Georgian-Russian relations and the begining of equal relations depends on the removal of the old stereotypes and will be determined by the shift in the values of the Russian citizens towards democracy, transforming society according to these principles. There is no alternative: imperial ambitions and the cult of power should be overpowered by the real practice of democratic consciousness, rather respecting it only through declarations, according to the norms of the imperial practice.
From the History of the Georgian Integral Nationalism (“The Fascist Movement of Georgia”)
No full textThe paper analyzes the ideology of the political union “Fascist Movement of Georgia,” which existed among the emigrant communities of Georgia, through reflecting the publications and party program appearing in the journal “Khartlosi” in 1937-1939. This ideology could be considered as a kind of integral nationalism. The group of the Georgian emigrants (Sh.Maglakelidze, V.Nozadze, K.Salia, N.Dadiani, etc) tried to find a concrete way for the liberation of Georgia on the basis of the fascism, which was considered as a successful ideology and party program by them in the second half of the 1930s. They argued that the Georgian version of the fascism will unite the nation, oppose the communist regime and with the support of the fascist states will bring freedom to Georgia.During its 3 years-long existence, the “Fascist Movement of Georgia” remained as the theoretical union and it had never cooperated neither with Italian fascists, nor with the German Nazists. In 1939, after the signature of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the publication of the journal “Kartlosi” was stopped and the “Fascist Movement of Georgia” was dissolved.The failure of the fascist regimes and the belie of their criminal activities contributed to the discreditation and decry of the fascist ideology. Correspondingly, this form of the Georgian integral nationalism was not further developed. Those persons, which were united in the “Fascist Movement of Georgia” were the patriots and famous public figures of Georgia
Political Transformation of the French „National Rally” and Gender Analysis of Party Election Programs
No full textThe far-right populism in modern world has become more powerful, and Brexit in the UK, the election of Donald Trump as a President of the United States, and the strengthening of ultra-right forces in European countries and the European Parliament is a proof of it. Ultra-right-wing forces are particularly supported in Germany, France, Italy and Hungary. The French National Rally is party that never had so much support in France as in the last national and European elections, in which radical right-wing forces were able to mobilize and support a significant portion of the electorate.The arrival of Marine Le Pen as chairman of the National Front in 2011 gave the party a breath of fresh air and took it to a new level of development. Under Marine Le Pen, the National Rally has managed to modernize some of its conservative positions on gender, sexuality, and family issues. With the new discourse, the leader of the National Rally aims to attract a segment of voters who have traditionally been the least considered among the electorate of the National Rally, and women are among such electorate.The aim of this article is to study and analyze reasons that has caused so much power and support for ultra-right populism in Europe, specifically what factors are contributing to the popularity and support of ultra-right forces among the women voters? How sensitive is the party's policy and how do the National Rally's election platforms respond to the needs and demands of women voters?There is no doubt that the party is actively seeking the goodwill of female voters and mobilizing them around the party, as evidenced by the growing number of female candidates from the National Rally in recent elections and the active support of the female electorate in the presidential election. Despite all this, public organizations working on women's rights in France, feminist activists and their supporters believe that Marine Le Pen is a serious threat for a women's rights and she puts under the question national and regional achievements in the fight for women's rights