Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universit: Open Journal Systems / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
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The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict - Positions of the ethnically Armenianian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Citizens of Georgia (Analyzing Debates on Social Platform Facebook)
No full textThe South Caucasus region is known for ethnic diversity and multicultural reasons and also for the conflicts in the countries of the region: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has different kind of aspects. Most of features impact internal politics in each country of the South Caucasus region and give new direction in interregional relationships of the Caucasus countries and their neighbours. The paper discusses opinions regarding the conflict in the Nagorno Karabakh viewed from the perspective of society of Georgia. As long as both the Armenians and the Azerbaijanis live in Georgia, it is interesting to study the attitudes of those two ethnic groups and the mainstream ideas of ethnic Georgian citizens of Georgia. The research uses a Qualitative research Content analysis method. The research materials are Facebook pages of the popular two news platforms –“The Netgazeti” and “The Radio Tavisufleba” (“The Radio Freedom”) that cover news on the Nagorno Karabakh, and Facebook users have an opportunity to express their opinions in regard the issue. The challenge of the study was possible regulations of the editing board of the news platform on Facebook, according to the rules the comments with the content of hate speech, aggression and disrespecting others’ freedom, are deleted. As a result, the research gives a picture of the general opinions of the Georgian society about the ongoing process in the Caucasus Region
The Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the Georgian Israelis
No full textThe Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the Georgian Israeli
The Rise of the Right-Wing Political Forces in France and the Successful Rebranding of the National Rally”
No full text Existing displeasure about multiculturalism, economic and growing migration criticism has led to an intensification of the threat of terrorism by activating radical right-wing political organizations in the EU. Strengthening their influence has made it impossible for Europe to repeatedly deny that radical right-wing forces are supported and Popularized in France, the Netherlands, Germany and Hungary. In France, "National Unity" is an ultra-right political organization, it was considered as an openly fascist and extremist party in French society, which couldn’t reflect the demands of the society and consequently failed to respond to the political agenda of the French state. However, after Marine Le Pen became the leader of the mentioned political organization, she led the party to significant structural changes, and managed to mobilize a significant part of the French electorate around her.The purpose of the article is to determine what factors have led to increased support for ultra-right-wing political forces and their political sympathies among French voters? During the economic crisis unemployment has become one of the most important challenges in many European countries, including France. The right of shelter and employment for migrants increases competition for low-paying jobs in the service sector, which has further exacerbated resistance to migrants in a relatively poor population. Changes in the party's political discourse, economic challenges and migrant crises are the factors that have contributed to the emergence of ‘national unity’ as one of the strongest anti-systemic movements in France. The policies and decisions proposed by the FN respond well to the demands of the French electorate, which for several years has experienced economic, political and identity crises and has been frustrated by the activities of mainstream parties in the French political landscape.
Discussiion on the “High Representative of the Republic”
No full textThe article deals with the discussion launched in the Constituent Assembly of Georgia on Marcn 14, 1919 regarding granting the function of High Representative of the Republic to the head of the government. This was the very first case from the side of political parties to express their positions regarding the necessity of the presidential institution in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. This position was maintained at later stage – during elaboration of the constitucion. The Social Revolutionaries and Socialist Federalists were against of introducing the presidential institution, the National-Democrats were supporting the idea, whereas Social Democrats maintained middle-ground position. Although the latter party did not support the presidential institution, although they accepted the proposition of Noe Jordania regarding granting some functions of the president to the head of the government and this was mentioned in the clause of the 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
Abkhazian issue in the Constituent Assembly of Georgia
No full textEven before the restoration of state independence, among the Georgian political parties and the National Council, there was an unshakable conviction that Abkhazia was an integral part of Georgia and it would have "full internal independence, that is, broad autonomy." It was on this basis that the relations between the Republic of Georgia and Abkhazia began to be built in 1918-1921.
Before the formation of the Constituent Assembly, relations between the Georgian government and the Abkhaz National Council already had a certain experience of cooperation. Not only a verbal agreement was reached, but on June 11, 1918, an official agreement was drawn up, by virtue of which Abkhazia was declared an integral part of Georgia and autonomous rights were recognized for it. The government of Georgia undertook obligations to provide military-economic assistance to Abkhazia.
At the very first meeting of the Constituent Assembly on March 12, 1919, the act on the state independence of Georgia adopted by the National Council was approved. Among the subscribers were deputies of the Constituent Assembly from Abkhazia, who entered the country's legislative body on the lists of the winning Social Democratic Party.
On March 20, 1919, the People's Council of Abkhazia, by an absolute majority of votes, adopted the "Act on the Autonomy of Abkhazia" and forwarded it to the Constituent Assembly in Tbilisi. Following the act, "Abkhazia is a part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, as its autonomous unit."
The Constituent Assembly of Georgia discussed this document and approved it. By the end of 1920, the constitutional commission developed a draft regulation on the autonomous government of Abkhazia, which, together with the Constitution of Georgia, was approved on February 21, 1921. And the Constitution of Georgia has legalized: an integral part of the Republic of Georgia - Abkhazia (Sukhumi District) in local affairs is given an autonomous right of government
‘No to Khudoni Hydropower Plant!’ – Social Movement in Georgia
Get PDFSocial movement and social changes study is relatively new academic field in post Soviet Georgia. We chose “No to Khudoni Hydropower Plant!” – Social Movement case study for several reasons. On one hand, Khudoni PHH falls under the category of gigantic hydropower plants in Georgia and planned to be built in Svaneti, the region with special local natural and climate conditions; On another hand Khudoni HPP is one of the fewest continuous active and inclusive movements in Georgia that has been progressing throughout years (from 1979) with participation of various actors from public and political communities. Within the research we rely on the theory of structural functionalism that attempts to explain that movements are formed not by actors, but are conditioned by social and political situation. As the result of the process of “Perestroika” and “Glasnost”, political, cultural, economic and social changes were underlaid to civic activism. The research aims to determine:Why the issue of Khudoni grew into a social movement;What is the degree of participation of different actors; who determines directionality of the process and how these actors communicate?Analyzing the issue it became evident that the arguments of the proponents of Khudoni HPP are about the prospective economic benefits of the project, while the arguments of the opponents of Khudoni construction is rather broad and entail not just environmental but social, cultural and ethno-linguistic arguments as well
Anniversary of the Constituent Assembly
No full textEvents dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Constituent Assembl
Political Science in Germany During the Weimar Republic
No full textThe article deals with the formation of political science as a discipline during the Weimar Republic (Germany). After the establishment of the Nazi totalitarian regime in 1933, the development of political science was stopped in Germany and most of the scientists emigrated from the country. The Nazi regime contributed to the emergence and establishment of different ideological disciplines, instead of political science, which were aimed at the propaganda of the Nazi regime and served to the interests of the government
Assessment of the level of democracy in the South Caucasus Countries According to International Rankings (2019-2020)
No full textAssessment of the level of democracy in the South Caucasus Countries According to International Rankings (2019-2020
Founding Council and the Drafting Process of the 1921 Constitution of Georgia
No full textDrafting and Approving the Constitution of Georgia is considered to be one of the crucial events following the Act of Independence (26 May 1918). The paper shows that the Act of Independence served as a basis for the 1921 Constitution, clearly setting the primary principles of state organization: state sovereignty, democratic republic as a political form of independent Georgia; neutrality, respect towards other countries, especially with the neighbour ones; full civic and political freedom, in spite of sex, nationality, religion and social status; free development of all national minorities. The activities and deeds of the Constitutional Commission of the National Council (Parliament of Georgia) of Georgia (June 6, 1918 – March 8, 1919) and that of the Constitutional Commission of the Founding Council (March 18, 1919 – February 21, 1921) are analyzed in some details.
The both Constitutional Commissions were structured according to the party principle and considering the balance of those days political parties, Social-Democrats hold overwhelming majority in the Council. First and foremost the political conception was elaborated by the Constitutional Committee, serving as a foundation for the Constitution. Obviously, it was determined on the basis of the doctrine of the Social-Democrats. The heavy contention over various issues within the Constitutional Committee did not eliminate constructive cooperation over others among the representative of various parties.
The paper demonstrates that the authors of the 1921 Constitution referred to the: 1. Experience of the World Constitutionalism; 2. Pre-Revolutionary Traditions; 3. Doctrine of Social-Democrats; 4. Those days practice of the state-building of Georgia. Constitutions of various countries were referred as sources for the Committee, as well as different works of foreign authors in the filed of Constitutionalism were reflected through comparative perspective.
The authors of Constitution did not follow blindfold to the western models as long as it was clear for them that there was the need for something different grounded in the reality of Georgia. This was determined by the peculiar historical-geographical space, culture-economic and international circumstances. The critical approach to the various experiences was characteristic to the working process on the 1921 Constitution of Georgia, grounded on the desire of drafting proper Constitution for the existing reality of the country. The process of creation of Constitution procrastinated; although one positive aspect of the course of developments could be easily grasped: the Constitution was based on the existing practise of statehood of Georgia.
The project of constitution was published in the beginning of June, 1920, comprised of 17 Chapters and 166 Paragraphs. The discussion of the project of the constitution opened on November, 24, 1920 by the Founding Council, following to the special normative. During discussion of the draft document the different understandings and conceptual approaches to the document were staged, both from the side of various political parties, as well as within the Social-Democratic Party. The various corrections were made in the draft document, as considered by the Social-Democrats.
On February 21, 1921, the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia was adopted by the Founding Council on its special session, under extraordinary conditions, in the midst of the war with the Soviet Russia. The paper stresses that the documents significantly influenced over the future formation of the Georgian political thought and determined the way of development of the Georgian state