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North Atlantic Micro State Security Governance: Facing Structural, Natural and Political Challenges Historically, Today and in the Future
No full textRasmus Bertelsen, United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies, Japan, at the NRF 6th open Assembly in Hveragerði, Iceland. September 2011
Can we imagine a World without Ice?
No full textProfessor. Helgi Björnsson, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, at the NRF 6th open Assembly in Hveragerði, Iceland. September 2011
Terrestrial Expert Monitoring Plan - Background Paper of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme´s Terrestrial Expert Monitoring Group
Get PDFImproved significance testing of wavelet power spectrum near data boundaries as applied to polar research
Get PDFWhen one applies the wavelet transform to analyze finite-length time series, discontinuities at the data boundaries will distort its wavelet power spectrum in some regions which are defined as a wavelength-dependent cone of influence (COI). In the COI, significance tests are unreliable. At the same time, as many time series are short and noisy, the COI is a serious limitation in wavelet analysis of time series. In this paper, we will give a method to reduce boundary effects and discover significant frequencies in the COI. After that, we will apply our method to analyze Greenland winter temperature and Baltic sea ice. The new method makes use of line removal and odd extension of the time series. This causes the derivative of the series to be continuous (unlike the case for other padding methods). This will give the most reasonable padding methodology if the time series being analyzed has red noise characteristics
Response of nutrients and the surface phytoplankton community to ice melting in the central Arctic Ocean
Get PDFDuring the fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise in summer 2010, a time-series observation was carried out to examine the response of nutrients and phytoplankton community in the ice-water interface to the ice melting ice in the central Arctic Ocean. Phosphate and silicate in the ice-water interface were rich relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), based on the Redfield ratio (16N:1P:16Si), suggesting that DIN was the potential limiting nutrient. DIN concentrations in the sea ice were about 3-4 times that in the surface seawater, indicating that melting ice delivered DIN to the surface water. Pigment analysis showed that fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a contribute to carotenoids and chlorophylls in particles. The mean concentrations of chlorophyll c, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin from 15 August to 18 August were 6 μg * m(-3), 22 μg * m(-3), 73 μg * m(-3) and 922 μg * m(-3), respectively, suggesting that diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton community composition. Furthermore, a notable enhancement in fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a during a large-scale ice melting was likely attributed to senescent diatoms released from the bottom sea-ice as well as phytoplankton diatoms growth in the water column due to the input of nutrients (i.e., DIN) and reducing light limitation from melting ice. Temporal distribution patterns of prasinoxanthin and lutein differed from fucoxanthin, indicating that the response of green algae and diatoms to ice melting were different
A concept for autonomous and continuous observation of melt pond morphology: Instrument design and test trail during the 4th CHINARE-Arctic in 2010
Get PDFAccelerated decline of summer and winter Arctic sea ice has been demonstrated progressively. Melt ponds play a key role in enhancing the feedback of solar radiation in the ice/ocean-atmosphere system, and have thus been a focus of researchers and modelers. A new melt pond investigation system was designed to determine morphologic and hydrologic features, and their evolution. This system consists of three major parts: Temperature-salinity measuring, surface morphology monitoring, and water depth monitoring units. The setup was deployed during the ice camp period of the fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2010. The evolution of a typical Arctic melt pond was documented in terms of pond depth, shape and surface condition. These datasets are presented to scientifically reveal how involved parameters change, contributing to better understanding of the evolution mechanism of the melt pond. The main advantage of this system is its suitability for autonomous and long-term observation, over and within a melt pond. Further, the setup is portable and robust. It can be easily and quickly installed, which is most valuable for deployment under harsh conditions
Providing a Comparative Analysis of Port and Airport Infrastructure in Arctic Nations
Get PDFThe Arctic Maritime and Aviation Transportation Infrastructure Initiative (Initiative) is a result of the work of the Arctic Council’s Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA) and the ongoing work of a multi-agency (including DOT, FAA and Transport Canada) effort that sponsors the Arctic Aviation Initiative (AAI). It builds on and responds to past efforts and projects of two working groups within the Arctic Council – PAME’s AMSA (2009) and the SDWG’s Circumpolar Infrastructure Task Force (CITF), which acted as a platform for the Arctic Aviation Experts Workshop in 2005 and 2006. More directly, it follows on the strategic plan set forth at the 2010 Arctic Aviation Experts Conference (AAEC)
The Arctic Ocean Review Project (AOR): PHASE I REPORT 2009-2011
Get PDFThe Arctic Ocean Review has been organized as a project under the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) working group of the Arctic Council, reporting to the Senior
Arctic Officials (SAOs) of the Arctic Council through PAME.
Subject to the discretion of SAOs, the final reports of the two phases of the Arctic Ocean Review will be submitted to the 2011 and 2013 Arctic Council Ministerial meetings.
The overall objective of the AOR is to provide guidance to the Arctic Council Ministers as a means to strengthen governance in the Arctic through a cooperative, coordinated, and integrated approach to the management of the Arctic marine environment
George Friedman’s geopolitical myths from Polish perspective
Get PDFIn this article, Laszek Sykulski explains the above mentioned concepts in his argument that the American administration has manufactured a number of myths on Polish geopolitics. The writing is a respond to the writings of Dr. George Friedman where his point of view criticized. The author ends the article by underlining the popular myths and explain the geopolitical status of Poland with more realistic approach.e
Sea Ice as Enemy and Friend: The Case of Iceland and Labrador
No full textDr. Astrid Ogilvie, CICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, at the NRF 6th open Assembly in Hveragerði, Iceland. September 2011