1928 research outputs found
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Geomorphometry of the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica
Full text linkGeomorphometric modeling and mapping of Antarctic oases are promising for obtaining new quantitative knowledge about the topography of these unique landscapes and for the further use of morphometric information in Antarctic research. Within the framework of a project to create a thematic physical-geographical scientific reference geomorphometric atlas of ice-free areas of Antarctica, we performed geomorphometric modeling and mapping of the Bunger Hills (Knox Coast, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica), one of the largest Antarctic oases. By processing a fragment of the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) covering the Bunger Hills and adjacent glaciers, we created, for the first time, a series of 37 medium- to large-scale maps of nine of the most scientifically important morphometric variables (i.e., slope gradient, slope aspect, vertical curvature, horizontal curvature, maximal curvature, minimal curvature, catchment area, topographic wetness index, and stream power index). The morphometric maps describe the topography of the Bunger Hills in a quantitative, rigorous, and reproducible manner. New morphometric data can be useful for further geological, geomorphological, glaciological, ecological, and hydrological studies of this Antarctic oasis
Spatiotemporal variations of sea ice kinematics in the Transpolar Drift of the Arctic Ocean in 2019/2020 derived from buoy measurements during MOSAiC
Full text linkUsing nine ice-tethered buoys deployed across the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and pack ice zone (PIZ) north of the Laptev Sea during the expedition of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) in 2019–2020, we characterized the spatiotemporal variations in sea ice kinematics and deformation between October 2019 and July 2020 in the Transpolar Drift (TPD). From October to November, the buoys were in the upstream area of the TPD; spatial variations of deformation rates were significantly correlated with initial ice thickness (R=−0.84, P0.25 d−1, which is about 1.5 times that in PIZ. Therefore, in both the upstream and downstream regions of the TPD, the transition between the MIZ and the PIZ contributes to the spatial and seasonal variations of sea ice motion and deformation. The results from this study can be used to support the characterization of the momentum balance and influencing factors during the ice advection along the TPD, which is a crucial corridor for Arctic sea ice outflow to the north Atlantic Ocean
Navigability of Arctic sea routes in the 21st century based on CMIP6
Full text linkUnder ongoing global warming, reliable projections of Arctic sea-ice conditions and future navigability are of strategic significance. Using a combination of observational and physical constraints, we systematically evaluated the performance of 48 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating Arctic sea ice and selected 12 skillful models for detailed analysis. Navigability of the Northeast Passage (NEP), Northwest Passage (NWP), and Transpolar Sea Route (TSR) during 2015–2100 was assessed under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Results indicate that for open water vessels under the SSP2-4.5, TSR is not projected to become navigable until 2029. In contrast, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, both NWP and NEP are expected to support year-round navigation by the late 21st century, while TSR is not anticipated to become fully operational until after 2090. Polar Class 6 vessels achieve near year-round navigation by 2100 under SSP2-4.5, and full-year operation as early as 2048 under SSP5-8.5
What Once Was Snow - Stories of Arctic Change, Adaption, and Resilience
Full text linkThrough the lens of herders, hunters, observers, scientists, and knowledge holders, each chapter of this book offers a grounded perspective on what it means to live in a world where snow, once reliable, is now uncertain. These stories also reveal the complexity of life in the Arctic—of colonial histories, diverse languages, varied economic drivers, policy decisions, industrial development, and the self-determination of Indigenous peoples
Arctic Pavilion Report
Full text linkThe Arctic Pavilion was first created by the International Organization "Northern Forum" with the support of Andrey Melnichenko Charity Foundation and BRICS Youth Energy Agency in the "Blue" zone of the 29th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on
Climate Change in Baku, Azerbaijan, on November 11-22, 2024. The report was compiled to present the preparation and the key results of the Pavilion’s work to be taken into account when organizing similar sites at the subsequent conferences of the parties
The Kingdom of Denmark's Chairship - Greenland, Faroe Islands, Denmark
Full text linkAn overall ambition will be to have an inclusive Chairship and to bring the work of the Arctic Council close to the peoples and citizens living in the region who must have an impact on the activities in the region, particularly on how sustainable development is interpreted and advanced. Recognizing that Indigenous Knowledge and perspectives are essential to understanding and managing changes in the Arctic, strong integration of Indigenous Knowledge alongside scientific insights in the work of the Arctic Council will be a priority.
A special focus will be given to advancing sustainable development in Arctic communities and economic empowerment of Indigenous Peoples
RESourceEU Action Plan
Full text linkThe RESourceEU Action Plan accelerates the objectives of the EU raw materials strategy, preserves and expands EU production of primary and secondary critical raw materials (CRM). It strengthens the EU’s resilience against supply disruptions and charts a path towards a faster diversification of CRMs supply chains
Pathways
Full text linkThe Arctic Council Magazine.
A biennial publication of the Arctic Council Secretariat.
Issue 2, May 202
5th International Polar Year (IPY-5) 2032–2033 with global inclusion
Full text linkThe 5th International Polar Year (IPY-5) 2032–2033 is the next step with the “oldest continuous climate research program created by humanity”, which started in 1882–1883 with IPY-1 intentionally during a Solar Maximum after the “Little Ice Age” had impacted Europe across the previous four centuries. IPY-5 is a rare research opportunity to stimulate transdisciplinary initiatives with efficiencies and synergies that are relevant to all people and life on Earth pole-to-pole, across the cryosphere that includes high mountains on lands in between, connected by the atmosphere and ocean with Solar forcing across periods relevant to human survival. This editorial explores current and accelerating momentum to implement science with society across the International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development (IDSSD) 2024–2033 with IPY-5 as a guiding light
Organic matter burial and deposition conditions in the northern part of Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean, since the Little Ice Age
Full text linkUnderstanding the sediment record during the Little Ice Age (LIA) can help elucidate natural sea ice fluctuation and carbon cycle variability. This study analyzed the grain size composition (including ice-rafted debris), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) content, and stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) of the sediment record (approximately 490 a) of core ARC7-R11 in the northern part of the Chukchi Shelf. The sediment grains comprise mostly (>90%) silt and clay components. The grain size composition suggests generally low-energy hydrodynamic conditions across the region, yet reveals a trend of enhancement in hydrodynamics from the bottom to top layers of the sediment core, particularly after the 1940s. It also shows occurrences of seasonal sea ice and retreat of the perennial sea ice margin during warmer periods of the LIA and the post-LIA period. The organic matter content is high throughout the core, with heavier δ13C values and moderate TOC/TN ratios indicating primarily marine origin; the terrestrial input is <37.5% according to the endmember model. The variation trend of marine-derived organic carbon (OC) content is similar to that of summer temperature anomalies; while variation trend of terrestrially derived OC shows significant correlation with that of the number of ice-free days in the southern shelf region, except for the period from approximately 1700s to the 1870s. During the LIA, the TOC content fluctuated and decreased, and the relative contribution of terrestrial OC was higher than during the modern warm period. The amount of OC buried in the sediment has increased with climate warming, especially after the 1940s, reflecting the enhanced ability of sediment to sequester carbon during warmer periods