Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Get PDFOn behalf of the editorial board, it is my great pleasure to address you in this issue of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR). Our journal continues to serve as a vital platform for the dissemination of high-quality, innovative research that bridges the gap between foundational pharmaceutical sciences and clinical practice. The dynamic landscape of global health presents both unprecedented challenges and remarkable opportunities, compelling us to continually evolve and expand the horizons of scientific inquiry. As an editorial board member, I firmly believe that UJPR’s mission to promote high-quality, peer-reviewed scientific contributions serves as a cornerstone for fostering collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and academicians worldwide. The diversity of topics published from pharmaceutical technology and clinical pharmacy to drug discovery and regulatory sciences reflects the journal’s commitment to addressing contemporary challenges while nurturing scientific curiosity and innovation. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our dedicated authors for entrusting their valuable work to UJPR, our reviewers for their constructive insights, and our readership for their continued engagement. I encourage researchers from all areas of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences to contribute their original work, reviews, and case studies to this journal, thereby strengthening our shared mission of advancing global health through science.
Together, through rigorous research and open scientific dialogue, we can continue to expand the horizons of pharmaceutical research for the benefit of humanity
PHOTIC RETINOPATHY CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE USE OF SMARTPHONE: REVIEW AND CASES SERIES REPORT
Get PDFDamage to the retina, especially the macula, brought on by extended exposure to sunlight or other strong light sources like lasers or arc welding is known as photo retinopathy. The phrase is interchangeable with retinal phototoxicity and includes solar, laser, and welding retinopathy. Staring at the sun, observing a solar eclipse, or exposing oneself to UV light, Illuminant D65, or other strong light are the usual causes. Overuse of smartphones has recently been linked to incidences of blue light-induced photoretinopathy. Reversible vision loss from photo retinopathy usually lasts anywhere from a month to over a year. Fundus changes, which are variable and often bilateral. Although there is currently no proven treatment for photo retinopathy, it usually resolves on its own over time. A method that is sometimes tried but gives ambiguous results is the use of corticosteroids to treat early macular edema. A study of six patients aged 26-35 years visited the eye consultants Center in Sana’a city, Yemen, including 4 males and 2 females, found that they experienced binocular blurred vision for 5-7 days. All patients underwent corticosteroid treatment and reduced smartphone usage. Five cases achieved reversible recovery within few days to 2 months, while one case persisted over a year. All patients had normal anterior and posterior segments, no altered macular reflex, and no macula capillary network abnormalities with hypopigmentation dot at the centre of fovea. High-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) discovered foveolar harm, which be similar to some cases of solar photic retinopathy. In conclusion this study suggests that prolonged exposure to phone screen light by excessive use increases the risk of foveal injury.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 February 2025; Reviewed 11 March 2025; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, [email protected]
FROM DIAGNOSIS TO ACCEPTANCE: MENTAL HEALTH TRAJECTORIES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Get PDFHIV infection has long been associated with significant psychological and emotional challenges. From the initial diagnosis to eventual acceptance of living with the virus, individuals often experience a range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and stress. These mental health challenges not only affect the quality of life of those living with HIV but also have profound implications on disease progression, treatment adherence, and overall well-being. The psychological journey from diagnosis to acceptance is complex and deeply influenced by factors such as stigma, social support, and personal resilience. This review explores the mental health trajectories of HIV-infected individuals, from the emotional shock of diagnosis to the process of coming to terms with the virus. The initial response to diagnosis often includes a mixture of denial, fear, and grief, which can delay medical engagement and complicate treatment adherence. Over time, many individuals develop psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, which further complicate their mental health journey. Social support systems and coping mechanisms play a significant role in mitigating these mental health challenges, while the process of acceptance fosters a sense of empowerment, improved psychological resilience, and better health outcomes.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 February 2025; Reviewed 10 March 2025; Accepted 21 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bountain Welcome Tebeda,Chemical Pathology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
IMPACT OF 3D PRINTING IN RECONSTRUCTION OF MAXILLOFACIAL BONE DEFECTS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: The study explores the use of PEEK and PMMA as alternatives for 3D reconstruction of orbital bone defects. It aims to evaluate their durability, develop a standardized protocol, and design implant-specific implants using 3D printing technology.
Subjects and methods: A study at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, found maxillofacial fractures in six patients who underwent maxillofacial reconstruction using 3D printing technology. The patients had previously undergone unsuccessful traditional treatments. The study involved preoperative assessments, CT scans, and functional evaluations. Custom 3D printed implants were designed using GOM and ATOS, and surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia.
Results: A group of patients aged 20-43 years, with a mean age of 28.8 years, experienced pain, aesthetic deformity, limited mouth opening, difficulty eating, and bacterial infections. Causes included G.S.I., RTA, bomb explosion, and falls from height. The study found that all patients had unilateral fractures, with 33.3% having segmental fractures, 66.7% having displacement, and 50 having tripod fractures. Debridement operation was performed in all patients, with bone grafting and ORIF performed in 83.3%. Instability, insufficient, and infection were the most common reasons for failure.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of 3D printing technology in enhancing the outcomes of maxillofacial bone defect reconstruction by use PEEK and PMMA materials, especially in patients with prior treatment failures.
Peer Review History:
Received 13 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 22 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Neelam H. Zaidi, Fiji National University, Fiji, [email protected]
Dr. Nicola Micale, University of Messina, Italy, [email protected]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBA GLOW SKINCARE CREAM
Get PDFBackground and aims: Nowadays consumers are now more aware of the possible hazards associated with synthetic formulations, thus there is a greater demand for skincare products based on herbs. Using herba glow containing Capparis spinosa, Morus nigra, and Rhodiola rosea, all of which are known for their strong antioxidant qualities. This study attempts to develop and assess the stability, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant activity of Herba Glow skincare cream.
Methods: Herba Glow cream was developed as an oil-in-water emulsion using pharmaceutical-grade excipients. The formulation underwent comprehensive evaluation, including organoleptic assessment, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and pH measurement. Stability was tested through a cycling test, while the DPPH radical scavenging test was used to measure antioxidant activity.
Results: All formulations exhibited homogeneity and acceptable viscosity, with pH values within the skin’s natural range. Stability testing indicated minor changes in viscosity and pH, yet the formulations remained stable. Antioxidant analysis revealed that higher concentrations of Herba Glow extract enhanced free radical scavenging activity, with the 20% extract formulation showing the highest potency (IC50=1.117 ppm), comparable to well-established antioxidants.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that Herba Glow cream is a promising herbal-based skincare product with significant antioxidant activity and stable physicochemical properties. This research bridges the gap between traditional herbal knowledge and modern cosmetic science, supporting the development of natural skincare alternatives.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 December 2024; Reviewed 14 January 2025; Accepted 21 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Dr. Olanrewaju Rita-Marie Awotona, Legacy University, Banjul , The Gambia, [email protected]
AESTHETIC OUTCOME COMPARISON BETWEEN MILLARD AND FISHER TECHNIQUE IN REPAIR OF UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP
Get PDFBackground and aims: The symmetrical shape of the nasolabial folds and both nose alae, along with a natural-looking philtrum and Cupid's bow in both static and dynamic phases, as well as a buried scar, are characteristics of the perfect lip restoration. The study's goal was to evaluate the Millard rotational advancement technique and the Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique for unilateral cleft lip repair.
Methods: Prospective study for 30 patients submitted to Palestine Hospital in Sana’a City, Yemen, with unilateral cleft lip deformity between December 2022 and August 2024. The Millard rotational-advancement approach was used to correct fifteen patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity, while the Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique was used to fix the remaining fifteen. NIH ImageJ software was used to evaluate the patients' postoperative photos using the Steffensen grading criteria. The normal side and the corrected side were compared in terms of lip length, cutaneous line symmetry, vermillion symmetry, scar appearance, Cupid's bow, nostril symmetry, and alar base.
Results: A study involving 69.2% males and 38.8% females aged 5-180 months with 30 unilateral cleft lips undergoing Millard and Fisher techniques found that patients with Millard techniques showed better cutaneous line symmetry, vermillion symmetry, and lip length compared to Fisher techniques. However, only 7.7% of patients with Millard procedures showed good Cupid's bow, scar appearance, nasal symmetry, and alar base compared to Fisher techniques. The study suggests that Millard techniques may be more effective in certain cases.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was no discernible change in the anthropometric measurements between the two methods used for unilateral cleft lip repair. According to the study, there are several situations in which applying Millard approaches might be more successful.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 20 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, [email protected]
Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]
POPULATION AGING AND THE RISE OF REFRACTORY LEUKEMIAS: SURVEILLANCE, SCREENING AND STRATEGIC HEALTH PLANNING
Get PDFThe global demographic shift towards an aging population has led to a marked increase in the incidence of refractory leukemias, posing significant challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Older adults are disproportionately affected by leukemias that are resistant to conventional therapies, resulting in poorer prognoses and increased morbidity. This review explores the multifaceted impact of population aging on the epidemiology and management of refractory leukemias, highlighting the urgent need for tailored public health interventions. Effective surveillance systems are critical to monitoring trends in leukemia incidence, treatment resistance, and outcomes among elderly populations. Enhanced data collection and integration of molecular and clinical markers can improve early identification of high-risk individuals and inform resource allocation. Additionally, risk-based screening strategies adapted to the unique needs of older adults have the potential to facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve responsiveness to treatment, ultimately reducing the progression to refractory disease. Strategic health planning that incorporates multidisciplinary care models, public health policy initiatives, and community engagement is essential to address the complex care needs of elderly leukemia patients. Investments in healthcare infrastructure, provider training, and supportive services will improve quality of life and clinical outcomes. Collaborative efforts to integrate surveillance and screening into comprehensive health plans can help mitigate the growing public health burden of refractory leukemias in aging populations.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 August 2025; Reviewed 14 September 2025; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammad Bayan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, [email protected]
DETERMINATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF CAROTID ARTERY CALCIFICATIONS BY EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS USING PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY
Get PDFBackground and aim: Panoramic radiographs are routinely performed in dentistry and are a standard component of the initial dental examination. These radiographs often show carotid arteries (CAT) opacities, which are often the result of calcification in the internal carotid artery (ICA) or external carotid artery (ECA). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of carotid artery (CA) calcifications, using panoramic radiographs, and determine factors associated with carotid artery calcifications.
Materials and Methods: The study was based on 1823 digital panoramic radiographs retrieved consecutively from archival records. All radiographs were taken between 2022 and 2024 from our clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a City, Yemen and private clinics in Sana’a city. The digital radiographs of 1823 patients with dental problems were originally taken for routine examination and not for investigation of dental diseases. All panoramic radiographs were then interpreted by both observers. Each observer interpreted each panoramic image individually, followed by discussion of each film between the observers. The diagnosis of carotid calcifications was made when the two observers agreed.
Results: There were 639 males and 1184 women in the trial, and all of the patients were older than 34.The prevalence of carotid artery calcification was 6.4% for total in males was 9.2% and 4.8% in females, with a significant association between male sex and the presence of calcification (OR=2.03, p<0.0001). Older age groups <65 years and those 55-64 years had a 3.2 and 2.5 times higher odds ratio of carotid calcification respectively, while younger age groups had no association. The study found that 42.2% of patients had plaque in the ICA bulb, 39.7% in bifurcations, and 18.1% in distal location. Mixed iso and hypodense plaque were prevalent, with low grade stenosis being the most common.
Conclusion: Based on the information provided here, we believe it is critical to look more thoroughly at the calcification in the (CAT) carotid arteries of the many panoramic radiographs that are obtained every day in Yemen before sending any patients who may be impacted to a specialist for additional diagnosis.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 February 2025; Reviewed 11 March 2025; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]
Aya Mohammed Mohammed Essawy, MTI University- Mokattam, Egypt, [email protected]
MONOCYTES IN MENSTRUATION: CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTH IMMUNITY AND FERTILITY
Get PDFMonocytes, a fundamental component of the innate immune system, play an important role in menstruation by promoting immunity and fertility. These immune cells are aggressively attracted to the endometrium, where they play roles in tissue remodeling, immunological monitoring, and pathogen protection. Their ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells and produce cytokines maintains a balanced inflammatory response, limiting excessive tissue damage and promoting regeneration. Aside from their role in menstrual immunity, monocytes influence fertility by promoting implantation and maintaining immunological tolerance during pregnancy. They promote endometrial angiogenesis by secreting growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which creates an environment conducive to embryo implantation. Furthermore, monocytes help with immune regulation by regulating the maternal response to fetal antigens, preventing immunological rejection, and promoting successful gestation. Monocyte dysregulation has been linked to a variety of reproductive diseases, including endometriosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, and implantation failure. Aberrant monocyte recruitment or function can cause chronic inflammation, decreased endometrial receptivity, and disturbed immunological tolerance, all of which have a deleterious influence on fertility.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 February 2025; Reviewed 9 March 2025; Accepted 22 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali, Modern University for technology and information, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, [email protected]
THE ROLE OF POLYSACCHARIDE AEROGEL IN TISSUE REGENERATION AND REPAIR
Get PDFAerogel-based biomaterial is an important subject in materials sciences due to their vast attention in different sectors. These materials possess unique properties that distinguish them such as low density. In the area of tissue engineering, there application has been documented in areas such as blood vessel, soft tissue, nerves, bone and cartilage.There are several steps involved in aerogel preparation. The first step involves the appropriate selection of a precursor material such as polymers, silica or carbon. Aerogels have a unique property which includes the composition of mesoporous solid colloids that possess a light weight and a porous frame work structure. Aerogels also possess unique extraordinary physicochemical properties.Tissue engineering is a broad term that encompasses on using biocompatible materials to repair and replace damaged tissues. Notwithstanding, its diverse applications over the years, tissue engineering have had persistent hurdles which include the need to develop new novel biomaterials This article seeks to review the properties of aerogel and their preparation processes. The review also documented the challenges from current studies and future prospects were also discussed.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 14 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. O.J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Olanrewaju Rita-Marie Awotona, Legacy University, Banjul , The Gambia, [email protected]