Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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DISRUPTED ARGININE–NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALING IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Get PDFSickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by ongoing hemolysis and blood vessel dysfunction, with the arginine–nitric oxide (NO) pathway being crucial to its pathophysiology. This review examines the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the disruption of the arginine–NO axis in SCD, emphasizing how hemolysis-mediated arginase release reduces L-arginine, the precursor for NO production, while cell-free hemoglobin captures bioactive NO. Moreover, increased concentrations of natural NOS inhibitors like asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and oxidative stress play a role in the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which further diminishes NO bioavailability. Impaired citrulline–arginine recycling worsens substrate shortage, together resulting in endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and inflammation. Therapeutic strategies aimed at this pathway, such as arginine and citrulline supplementation, arginase inhibition, antioxidants, and NO donors, are examined, highlighting their ability to restore vascular balance.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Barkat Ali Khan, Kampala International University , Uganda, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
OUTCOME OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN ORBITAL AREA AFTER LONG PERIOD FOLLOW UP IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Long-term follow-up after 3D reconstruction in the orbital area show improvements in cosmetic appearance, ocular motility, and resolution of issues like enophthalmos and diplopia, with some residual symptoms and rare complications. The study aims to assess clinical outcomes of 3D printing for reconstructing orbital bone defects in patients receiving PEEK and PMMA implants.
Materials and methods: A study conducted at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, involved seven patients with orbital fractures who underwent 3D-printed orbital bone repair. Conventional treatments had previously failed in these patients. Examinations included computed tomography (CT), functional assessments, and preoperative evaluations. GOM and ATOS technologies were used to develop customized 3D-printed implants, and general anesthesia was used during the surgeries.
Results: The group, consisting of 100% males and 0.0% females, had a mean age of 30.3 years. Six cases showed positive outcomes, while the third case failed due to issues like loose orbital rim, blocked tear duct, allergies, and patient disengagement. The study reveals that 42.9% of patients underwent orbital bone reconstruction surgery using 3D printing technology, with 42.9% experiencing pain, 7.7% experiencing aesthetic deformity, and 23.6% experiencing infection. The reconstruction material used was polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or poly-cule. The study found that 28.6% of patients had fractures in the mandible, maxilla, nose, zygomatic bone, orbit, and frontal bone. Comminuted fractures were found in all seven patients, and no simple, compound, or complex fractures were recorded. The study found that 57.1% of patients were highly satisfied with their surgical results, with 14.3% satisfied and 28.7% dissatisfied, with all patients demonstrating good quality of life.
Conclusion: The study found seven patients had imperfect orbital fractures, with a third having fractures in various areas. Comminuted fractures were common, with high instability rates. Most patients were satisfied with their surgical results and quality of life, supporting the use of 3D navigation for complex orbital reconstruction.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 August 2025; Reviewed 10 September 2025; Accepted 19 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, [email protected]
Prof. Syamsudin Abdillah, Pancasila University, Indonesia, [email protected]
PRIMARY STABILITY FOR SHORT DENTAL IMPLANT WITH DEEP THREADED IN POSTERIOR MAXILLA DURING EARLY HEALING PERIOD
Get PDFBackground and aim: Because they provide a dependable way to replace lost teeth and restore both function and appearance, dental implants have completely transformed the profession of restorative dentistry. These artificial tooth roots, which are usually composed of titanium, are placed into the mandible to support crowns, bridges, or dentures. The study's objective was to assess the main stability of a short, deep-threaded dental implant in the posterior maxilla during the early healing phase. It focused on the correlation between the values of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) and insertion torque (IT).
Methodology: A prospective clinical study was conducted on 20 patients requiring posterior maxillary implants. Short implants (Ø4 × 7 mm) were placed using the Megagen Any Ridge system. Primary stability was assessed by measuring IT at insertion and ISQ via resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at baseline and weekly for four weeks. Variables such as bone density, age, gender, and implant site distribution were also recorded.
Results: Implants with moderate IT (26–35 Ncm) maintained stable ISQ values (50–65), suggesting optimal primary stability. Low IT (15–25 Ncm) implants showed gradual improvement in ISQ (from 45 to 64), whereas resulted high IT (36–45 Ncm in gradually decrease in ISQ (from 65-52). Bone density was predominantly D3 (50%) and D4 (40 %). No significant correlation was found between IT and ISQ over time (Spearman’s rho: 0.20–0.55, p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Short, deep-threaded implants placed with moderate insertion torque provide optimal primary stability in the posterior maxilla. Excessive torque increases the risk of loose the stability. Regular ISQ monitoring is recommended during the healing phase to guide clinical decision-making.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 18 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Kingsley C Anukam, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Liliya Logoyda, Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine, [email protected]
THE ROLE OF ALLULOSE AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS IN GUT MICROBIOTA MODULATION AND METABOLIC HEALTH: A REVIEW
Get PDFAllulose and sugar alcohols, like erythritol and xylitol, are low-calorie sweeteners gaining attention for their potential to positively influence metabolic health. This brief review explores how these sweeteners can shape the gut microbiota. Acting as prebiotics, they can foster the growth of beneficial bacteria and stimulate the production of short-chain fatty acids. These effects may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation and a stronger gut barrier. However, excessive sugar alcohol intake can lead to digestive discomfort. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of these sweeteners on gut microbiota and metabolic health, as well as their interactions with other dietary factors. By understanding the intricate relationship between these sweeteners, gut microbiota and metabolic health, it will be possible to develop well-informed dietary guidelines to optimize health and well-being.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 October 2024; Reviewed 12 November; Accepted 22 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Rusmir Baljic, Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinical center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. [email protected]
Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected]
HIGH VALUE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L FOR MULTIPLE BIOTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Get PDFCurrently, people demanding nutrient-rich food products that provide additional health benefits. In this sense, Coriandrum sativum L, the most consumed spice around the world increasing its popularity due to its high nutritional value and confirmed pharmacological effects. Bioactive compounds derived from coriander have a wide variety of medical and biotherapeutic applications that extend beyond their well-established gastronomic relevance. Here, the information currently available on the presence, diversity, and extraction methods of the main components of coriander are reviewed. The multiple benefits of include cilantro in the diet and its effect on the treatment of global impact chronic diseases of such as cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cerebrovascular diseases, among others, are also highlighted. Likewise, the primary biological activities of coriander are detailed, such as antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity derived from specific phytochemicals.
This update shows the composition and describe the mixture of bioactive constituents included in the herbaceous plant and/or extracts, emphasizing the biological functions mainly as antimicrobial agents and its confirmed antioxidant function. Coriander is a reservoir of bioactivities combined, with promising potential to use and/or increase health and promote well-being.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 17 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Omonkhelin J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Omid Gholami, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran, [email protected]
CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION, ITS DIAGNOSIS, PATHOGENESIS, AND TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Get PDFSARS-CoV-2 was the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019. To date, over 670 million individuals have received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. However, emerging evidence suggests a potential association between these vaccines and cardiovascular complications. Concerns have been raised regarding their possible contribution to underrecognized cardiovascular issues, such as arrhythmias and arterial hypertension. The individuals with pre-existing heart conditions are at a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and unfavorable clinical outcomes following vaccination. Reported complications include myocarditis, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, strategies for treatment, and current limitations of the literature on the possible link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations and cardiovascular problems.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 December 2024; Reviewed 14 January 2025; Accepted 18 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Peter Juma Ochieng, Biotech Research Center (BRC), Obuda University, Hungary, [email protected]
Dr. Razan Hani Amin Haddad, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan, [email protected]
VALIDITY OF PONT’S ANALYSIS IN A GROUP OF YEMENI POPULATION
Get PDFBackground and aims: Ever since the emergence of new orthodontics, numerous indices have been developed to predict normal maxillary arch widths. Accurate prediction is essential for resolving dental crowding, ensuring stable occlusion, and minimizing the likelihood of relapse. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of Pont’s Analysis in a group drawn from the Yemeni population residing in Sana’a.
Methods: This cross-sectional study examined dental casts obtained from 100 Yemeni participants (62 males and 38 females) aged 18–25 years with normal occlusion. Measurements were conducted with a high-precision sliding caliper (accuracy: 0.01 mm). In addition to the mesiodistal lengths of the four upper incisors, arch widths were measured at the first premolar region (between distal pits) and the first molar region (between mesial pits). The statistical package for social science software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.
Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant disparity between the measured and calculated arch widths. Pont’s Index consistently overestimated arch widths in both males and females (p<0.000). Paired sample t-tests highlighted a mean difference of -2.19 mm for premolar widths (t=-5.302, r=0.023) and -2.03 mm for molar widths (t=-4.165, r=0.093).
Conclusions: The study concludes that Pont’s Index is unsuitable for the Yemeni population in Sana’a due to its tendency to overestimate maxillary arch widths. These findings underscore the need for population-specific adjustments to Pont’s Index to enhance its predictive accuracy.
Peer Review History:
Received 17 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 18 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE BRANDS OF SLIDENAFIL CITRATE TABLETS IN SUDANESE MARKETS
Get PDFAim and Objectives: This study assessed the quality of Sildenafil citrate tablet products, whether locally produced or imported, available in the Sudanese market, aiming to determine their potential interchangeability in clinical use.
Methods: The quality evaluation of the drug products covered physical and organoleptic characteristics, along with tests for weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration time, dissolution profile, and determination of Sildenafil content. The assay was performed using the standard HPLC method.
Results: Findings indicated that the similarity between brand E & F was noticed in color, shape, film coat and weight, brand E, friability and hardness results were acceptable, the dissolution result showed that the peak release of the drug is between 30-45 minutes, disintegration of the tablet was not faster than brand F but shorter than brand S. Brands E and S were found to be containing more that the assumed concentration of Sildenafil Citrate (50 mg).
Conclusion: The finding of this research clearly notes that the range of the active ingredient content in two brands out of the three is obviously way above limits. USP states that the tablet assay range flouts between 90-110%. Sildenafil is now widely prescribed for pulmonary hypertension in children here in Sudan, and it has been used with a high success ratio in this field, so the dosing system should be carefully measured, and without a proper Q.A, Q.C testing of the brands itself, it could lead to a very dangerous consequences.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Aya Mohammed Mohammed Essawy, MTI University- Mokattam, Egypt, [email protected]
Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt, [email protected]
MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURE TYPE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN INDIVIDUALS REFERRED TO THE MILITARY HOSPITAL IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Maxillofacial fractures, injuries to facial bones, are treated based on type and severity, including common types like mandible, maxilla, zygomatic bone, and nose. University hospitals like Military Hospital use advanced surgical techniques and multidisciplinary care to handle complex cases requiring closed reduction or open reduction and internal fixation. This retrospective study aimed to examine the types and treatment of maxillofacial fractures among individuals referred to the Military Hospital in Sana'a, assess associated complications, evaluate recovery experience, and postoperative quality of life.
Materials & methods: The records of 94 patients, ages 8 to 60, who suffered maxillofacial fractures between January 1, 2022, and December 29, 2022, were examined in this retrospective analysis. From the archival records, information about age, gender, the location and cause of the fracture, and the method of treatment was extracted and examined.
Results: The study involved 94 patients aged 8-60, mostly 16-25, with traffic accidents being the most common cause. Fractures were common, with symphysis being the most common type (62.8%), followed by zygomatic (30.9%). Other types included palate, lateral, suspensory, maxillary sinus, and alveolar process fractures. The study revealed that nasal bridge fractures were the most common nasal bone fracture, accounting for 7.4% of cases. Orbital and facial fractures accounted for 12.8% and 5.3%, respectively.
Conclusions: Traffic accidents were the most common cause of fractures, and the most common type of fracture was a symphysis fracture, followed by a zygomatic fracture. Other types included fractures of the palate, lateral, suspensory, maxillary sinus, and alveolar process.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 17 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, [email protected]
Dr. Anthony C. C. Egbuonu, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Nigeria, [email protected]
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF GREWIA BICOLOR
Get PDFBackground and aim: Grewia bicolor, Malvaceae family, widespread in tropical Africa, is traditionally used in the treatment of various infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiplasmodial activities of Grewia bicolor leaf extracts, and to isolate and characterise some bioactive molecules.
Methods: The extraction was carried out by maceration of G. bicolor leaves successively in acetone and methanol. The methanol extract separated by repeated chromatographic columns on silica gel provided three flavonoids, which were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Spectrophotometric methods determined total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay allowed the evaluation of antioxidant activity. Abovine serum albumin denaturation inhibition study evaluated anti-inflammatory activity. The SYBR Green method was used for antiplasmodial activity on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains.
Results: The methanol extract with the highest values for antioxidant activity (IC50=21.80±0.23 μg/mL) and inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation (IC50=20.95±0.56 μg/mL), exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. This extract also showed the highest antiplasmodial activity, with IC50=49.07±0.10 and 43.61±0.08 μg/mL for chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains respectively. The three isolated flavonoids were identified as catechin (1), leucocianidol (2) and isoquercitrin (3) using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Compound (2) showed the most promising anti-inflammatory activity compared to other compounds.
Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of G. bicolor in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory disorders and malaria. Furthermore, this plant could be a promising source of natural antioxidants. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of G. bicolor can be correlated to the presence of flavonoids.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2025; Reviewed 8 March 2025; Accepted 22 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral, University of Veracruz, Mexico, [email protected]
Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]