Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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USE OF DIOSGENIN, YAMOGENIN, TIGOGENIN AND NEOTIGOGENIN FOR TREATMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA BY INHIBITING CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION IN GIT
Get PDFObjective: High plasma lipids interact with free radicals in human body leading to develop coronary artery disease. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma Longa, and lemon.
Methods: Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2018 to May 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma Longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined.
Results: When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma Longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly.
Conclusion: It was concluded from this research work that Curcuma Longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol but have no potential to raise HDL cholesterol when analyzed biostatistically.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 February 2019; Revised 11 March; Accepted 28 April; Available online 15 May 2019
Academic Editor:
Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ELASTIC LIPOSOMES OF DECITABINE PREPARED BY ROTARY EVAPORATION METHOD
Get PDFObjective: Decitabine is a cytidine deoxynucleoside analog, which acts by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, and is used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Decitabine has a short half-life (25 minutes), and is sensitive to harsh conditions. Elastic liposomes are an effective tool that can be used to overcome this disadvantage. Elastic liposomes also known as transfersomes are modified lipid carriers that enable drug to reach deeper skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. These vesicular formulations are several orders of magnitudes, more deformable than the standard liposomes and thus well suited for skin penetration. The objective of present study is to develop and evaluate the elastic liposomes of Decitabine so as to provide the sustained release and improve its bioavailability.
Methods: Elastic liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation method using Span 80 and Span 60 as a surfactants. The prepared Elastic liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, in vitro drug release. The drug release profiles from different elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations were in agreement with the physicochemical properties of the formulations.
Results: Based on different parameters formulations of batch ELS1 was found to be the best formulations. Stability study was performed on the selected formulation ELS1.
Conclusion: Study concludes that Decitabine can also be formulated in the liposomal carrier which finds its best way for the topical administration.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 April 2019; Revised 7 May; Accepted 28 June; Available online 15 July 2019
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof Dr. Ahmed Kadry Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan, Atos pharma-Seke, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected]
THE EFFECT OF NANOSILVER AND CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASH ON ANAEROBIC PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS COUNTS
Get PDFObjective: The necessitate for frequent application of Chlorhexidine (CHX), and other side effects has encouraged the search for option that are more suitable for patients as nanosilver mouthwash (NS). So the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a mouthwash made with nanosilver on dental plaque microbial counts and compare it with commercially available Chlorhexidine.
Methods: Sixty two plaque induced gingivitis patients were allocated into two groups and asked to rinse with 10 ml of NS and CHX, immediately after brushing, for 1 min, in the morning and evening. Sub gingival plaque microbial counts were taken at baseline, two weeks, and finally at four weeks for each patient. Subsequently, the samples were collected, transferred and cultured in blood agar in anaerobic media. The colonies were counted and expressed as CFUs. The statistical analysis between CFUs variables within groups was calculated and the variation significance was calculated by performed t-test.
Results: It is very obvious that the values of CFU decreased significantly (p<0.001) as the time of use nanosilver until reaching the highest value when the time of use was 4 weeks [70.3±47 to 32.4±24.6 (2 weeks), and 14.2±9.9 (4 weeks) with inhibition of growth rate after 2 weeks was 46% and after 4 weeks was 79.7%. The effect of commercially available CHX mouthwash was approximately similar to the effect of NS mouthwash used.
Conclusion: In conclusion, both Group I and Group II showed similar effect on inhibition anaerobic periodontal pathogens counts and gingival health. There was significant inhibitory effect on microbial counts where NS mouth-wash had shown better results than CHX, but there was no significant difference between the nanosilver mouth wash and the Chlorhexidine mouthwash.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 August 2019; Revised 7 September; Accepted 27 October, Available online 15 November 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF HEPCIDIN, IRON STATUS AND MICRO-INFLAMMATION MARKERS AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS
Get PDFObjective: Hepcidin is a polypeptide that regulates iron homeostasis and could serve as an indicator of functional iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); this may also aid in the assessment of patient's response to erythropoietin (EPO). Erythropoietin is a cytokine glycoprotein secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow. The present study was aimed to investigate serum levels of hepcidin, iron status and inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with ESRD on maintenance HD and to observe the correlation of serum hepcidin with conventional iron and inflammatory markers.
Methods: A total of 59 patients on maintenance HD were enrolled; 29 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as controls. Laboratory tests including complete blood count, creatinine, urea, albumin, BUN, serum hepcidin, serum ferritin, serum iron and CRP were performed. The serum hepcidin level was measured by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA).
Results: Serum hepcidin levels were significantly higher in patients with ESRD than in the control group (63.7±47.4 ng/mL: 11.5±26.3 ng/mL respectively P<0.001). The hemoglobin and serum iron levels in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group. Higher feritin levels were found in haemodialysis patients (448.5±710 ng/mL): (98.3±83 ng/mL) of controls (P =0.01). A positive and significant correlation was observed between the values of serum hepcidin and CRP. Serum hepcidin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in maintenance haemodialysis patients (case= 21.2±28.6 mg/L: control= 2.9±2.7 mg/L, P= 0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, higher hepcidin levels are found in ESRD patients and serum hepcidin levels are associated with iron status and micro-inflammation (defined as hsCRP<6mg/l, in maintenance haemodialysis patients). Also, our findings suggest that hepcidin might play a role in the pathophysiology of anemia associated with chronic diseases as ESRD. As well as, ELISA method for measuring serum hepcidin should facilitate the routine measurement of hepcidin in clinical practice.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 August 2019; Revised 9 September; Accepted 30 October, Available online 15 November 2019
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Heba-Tallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Heliopolis University Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, [email protected]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HCL RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES
Get PDFObjective: Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a dopamine receptor antagonist, used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems as it is a prokinetic agent. The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate the suppositories of Metoclopramide HCl.
Methods: Six different, rectal suppositories were developed by fusion (pour-moulding) method by employing various hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric bases like gelatin, PEG-400 and hydrogenated vegetable oil using propylene glycol as plasticizer and beeswax as hardening agent. Metoclopramide HCl suppositories were evaluated for appearance, weight variation, drug content uniformity, liquefaction time and temperature, micro-melting range, disintegration and in-vitro release study. The in-vitro release rate data was evaluated statistically and was found that from all the formulations the drug release is by diffusion mechanism.
Results: Optimum formulation of batch S1 has shown 83.427% Metoclopramide HCl in a study of 2 hrs. These drug release results are supported by the disintegration time of suppositories. Lesser the disintegration time faster the drug release. All formulations has shown zero, first and Higuchi release kinetics.
Conclusion: The result suggests that the Metoclopramide HCl suppositories can be prepared by employing hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers.
Peer Review History:
Received 25 October 2018; Revised 4 November; Accepted 25 December; Available online 15 January 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Sunita Singh, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFUniversal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) is a scientific project will assist a in resolution health problems not only in developing countries but also worldwide; and I am contributed in this project under the guidance of the Editor-in-Chief and the other board members. Enduring is the key of the success accordingly congratulation to all editorial board members for their high success of today through their hard work and persistence for 3 years. The journal successfully completed 3 Yrs (Total 15 issues), 154 articles of different authors from different countries including Nigeria, Yemen, India, Cameroon, Egypt, China, Pakistan, Iran, USA, West Indies, Iraq, Malaysia and Nepal. Hence UJPR is an international journal without suspicion and indexed in more than 30 locations is other value of UJPR as an international journal. The future of the journal will be brilliant with achievement an impact factor and to be member of Scopus and ISI journals but all of that need hardworking from journal members and authors. Therefore, I will take this occasion to urge all authors to prepare their manuscripts strictly according to journal instructions so as to avoid any undue delay in its editorial processing and disappointment of rejection
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED MATRIX TABLETS CONTAINING EXTRACT OF SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL (HARGEL)
Get PDFObjective: The objective of the present study is to formulate colon targeted matrix tablets containing Solenostemma argel extract using guar gum alone or in combination with either HPMC K15M, with Eudragit S100, or with both them.Methods: The Hargel colon targeted matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, friability, and in-vitro drug release study in three different media. The formulations showed compliance with pharmacopoeial standards except that containing guar gum alone.Results: There was no interaction between drug, polymer and other excipients. It was confirmed by FTIR studies. Among the formulations, GHE2 (i.e. containing triple polymer mixture) showed good results in release retardation and other physicochemical properties of matrix tablets when compare to other formulations.Conclusion: The optimum formulation (GHE2) was stable when it was stored at 450/75% RH for 3 months. The formulation GHE2 was considered the most suitable formula for targeted the colon.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 June 2019; Revised 13 July; Accepted 30 August; Available online 15 September 2019
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Areen Alshweiat, University of Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammed Abdel-Wahab Sayed Abourehab, Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN-NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION IN THE IN-PATIENTS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY -YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of most important cause of healthcare-associated infections. This active surveillance cross sectional study was aimed to determine the rate of P. aeruginosa colonization among inpatients at three tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. In addition, to determine risk factors of colonization and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated P. aeruginosa.
Methods: The study included 327 inpatients. Skin and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participated patients and data were collected by predesigned questionnaire. Standard methods of isolation and identification were used to isolate bacteria in pure culture then identify. Also, antibiotic sensitivity for isolated P. aeruginosa was determined by the disc diffusion method. 42 patients (12.8%) were colonized with P. aeruginosa on skin and nasopharyngeal.
Results: The significant risk factors of colonization were male patients (OR=2.5), older age (OR= 2.2), burn ward (OR=37), long stay in hospital (OR=4) and burn as underlying disease (OR=45). The isolated P. aeruginosa were completely resistant (100%), to Aztroneome, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacine; and the rates of resistant were ranged between 83.3-85.7% for Amikacin, Ampicillin sulbactam Levofloxacin. Also the rates were 71.4% for Netilmicin and 92.9% for chloramphenicol. Moreover, the rates of resistant were low for Gentamicin (35.7%), Imipenem (11.9%), Pipracillin Tazobactam (11.9%), Ticaracillin calvulanic acid (31%) and Colistin sulphat (14.3%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has highlighted the role of hospitalization as a significant risk for P. aeruginosa colonization; concerted and coordinated efforts are required both in the hospital and community to tackle this. These data emphasize the need to identify hospitalized patients colonized with P. aeruginosa on admission. Prediction rules or rapid diagnostic testing will help clinicians more appropriately choose empiric antibiotic therapy if subsequent infections occurred.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 October 2018; Revised 5 November; Accepted 27 December; Available online 15 January 2019
Academic Editor:
Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Omonkhelin J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Francis Adou Yapo, Felix Houphouet Boigny, University of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, [email protected]
THE PREVALENCE AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: The emergence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in clinical isolates is posing a serious threat for treating nosocomial infections. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens in several teaching and general hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen, and to compare the phenotypic methods used for the characterization of ESBL producing strains.
Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted from 1st July to 28th of August 2017, at the Department of Medical microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology in Sana'a city, Yemen. A total number of 3500 various clinical samples were analyzed during the study period. Escherichia coli were identified using API 20E system and ESBL detection was carried out using double-disk synergy test (DDST) and CLSI confirmatory test. Escherichia coli were isolated from 100 samples, out of which 63 (63%) were ESBL producers and 37 (37%) were non-ESBL producers. The gender distribution of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was 35/45 (77.8%) in males and 28/55 (50.9%) in females.
Results: Highest frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was detected in sputum (100%), wounds (83.3%) and urine (65.7%) samples. Comparison of DDST and CLSI confirmatory test showed that 65 (65%) isolates were characterized by DDST and 63 (63%) using CLSI confirmatory test. All ESBL-positive isolates were susceptible to imipenem, indicating that this agent is the best drug for treating serious infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study shows moderately high frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli among patients suffering from sepsis in tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. DDST was found to be less efficient in ESBL detection as compared to CLSI confirmatory test.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 October 2018; Revised 11 November; Accepted 25 December; Available online 15 January 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
STUDY ON FRESH LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF FLACOURTIA INDICA FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTI-ANEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ABILITIES IN CCl4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Get PDFObjective: Hepatic injury and its associated conditions have been reportedly shown to be managed through herbal remedies. In this study, investigation of the fresh leaf aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (of the family of Salicaceae) as hypoglycemic, anti-anemic and hepatoprotective agent in albino wistar rats induced CCl4 hepatotocxicity was done.
Methods: Fifteen rats of either sex, weighing 175-295g, divided into five groups (I-V) of three rats each, were used. Group-I is negative control, II-positive control and III –V test groups. Groups II-V were induced 200mg/Kg/bodyweight CCl4, for 3-days, for hepatic injury and anemia. Groups III-V were respectively treated orally with 400, 600 and 800 mg/Kg/bodyweight of fresh leaf aqueous extracts (FLAE) of Flacourtia indica, for 7-days.
Results: Activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of bilirubin, albumin, total protein, blood glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin were assayed. Results after induction showed significant (p˂0.05) decrease in heamoglobin and PCV, significant (p˂0.05) increase in the liver function enzymes and blood glucose compared with results of liver function enzyme and blood glucose having significant (p˂0.05) decrease, and significant (p˂0.05) increase of PCV and hemoglobin after treatment with FLAE of Flacourtia indica. Body weight of rats induced CCl4 was found to increase with FLAE of Flacourtia indica treatment.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that the potentials exhibited by FLAE of Flacourtia indica to manage hyperglycaemia, hepatic injury and anemia induced by CCl4 are associated with its antioxidant activity and the presence of phytochemicals, minerals and nutrients value.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 December 2018; Revised 11 January 2019; Accepted 27 February 2019; Available online 15 March 2019
Academic Editor:
Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]