Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Get PDFIt is a great pleasure for me to be invited at speaking again for a period of time in addition to my previous publications. The UJPR has grown up for four years. From aim and scope of UJPR, it has been covering a broad of multidisciplinary areas in pharmaceutical science including basic fields, molecular images, clinical trials and other medical practice, to increase the impact factor of journal. A considerable fact provides strong validation that authors might prepare high quality of their intensive original researches, the subject of pharmaceutical molecular mechanism of drugs, and the systemic exploration of medicinal herbs among folk medicines
The journal is publishing and reviewing papers that future research needs to fill in order to move toward implementation. It is my hope that the fields our journal covers will begin to critically think about and prioritize the field’s research needs to guide the development of a robust future research agenda. Some submitted papers develop new methodologies to calculate reimbursement for medical services to realize the benefits of medical research in future present medical system.
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) provides an important forum to address critical issues in the field, exchange new ideas and disseminate the latest developments in basic research, clinical translation, industrial development and regulatory issues.
The editorial team will work hard to enhance the quality of papers, reduce the turnaround time for manuscripts, increase the publication frequency, provide fair and meaningful reviews and smoothen the editorial management process. We wish to take the journal in a direction where it encompasses all the emerging areas, reflecting the practice-oriented approach, which is an essential link between academic research and professional practice. Our main objective will be to strengthen the boundaries of the journal, to strengthen the reviewer database, and to motivate potential authors to contribute to the journal
MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA
Get PDFOral diseases are considered from the major health problems and are not limited to dental caries and periodontal diseases but to various autoimmune conditions. Its ayurvedic therapy includes different plants used in management of toothache, sore throat, mouth sores, abscess, broken tooth and jaw, tooth sensitivity, mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, tooth bleaching, dental anxiety, dental phobia and plants used for dental extraction. Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.), a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, L. is considered one of the important aromatic herbs containing high amount of volatile oil used in dental care. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste followed by a cooling sensation.The medicinal parts are the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of the flowering plant, the dried leaves, the fresh flowering plant and the whole plant. M. piperita L. is a perennial 50–90 cm high, normally quadrangular and a prototypical member of the mint family. The essential oil of M.piperita L.leaves is characterized by the presence of high percent of menthol (29-48%) in addition tomenthone (20-31%), and the different isomers of menthol in addition to other constituents. M. piperita L. is one of most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. Peppermint oil and leaves posses several other biological effects as antiseptic in oral preparations, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antispasmodic effects. It is also used as a flavoringagent in food and pharmaceutical industry and oral preparations.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 April 2019; Revised 9 May; Accepted 28 June; Available online 15 July 2019
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Rana Ahmed MohamedEl-Saied El-Fitiany, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
COCCIDIAN INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG CHILDREN IN AL-TORBAH CITY IN YEMEN: IN COUNTRY WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF MALNUTRITION
Get PDFObjective: Diarrhoea is an important cause of malnutrition, morbidity and mortality among children in Yemen. Coccidian parasitic infections are an important cause of diarrhea in children particularly malnutrition and immune-compromised patients, but their investigations are rarely required by the treating physicians in apparently immunocompetent children. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of intestinal coccidian parasites in country with high incidence rate of malnutrition.
Methods: Between May 2016 and October 2016, 228 faecal samples from 228 selected school children in Al Turbah city, Taiz governorate, Yemen, aged between 6 and 15 years were examined using wet-mount preparations and formal concentration method then films stained by modified acid-fast staining. Also data of children were collected including demographic data, and sources of water. Findings of positive intestinal coccidian parasites were analyzed in relation with demographic data, and sources of water.
Results: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species, Cyclospora species and Isospora belli were 75.9%, 45.6% and 1.75% respectively. There was significant association between positive of Cryptosporidium species and females (OR=2.1 times, P=0.01), and spring water source (OR=4 times, P=0.04), while there was no significant association between positive of Cryptosporidium species and others factors studied. Also there was no significant association between positive of Cyclospora species and Isospora belli and children sex, age groups, or different sources of water.
Conclusion: In conclusion the study highlights the high prevalence of coccidian parasites among immunocompetent school children in Yemen. The clinicians in Yemen need to be aware that coccidian parasites are a potential cause of childhood diarrhea even in immunocompetent children.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 June 2019; Revised 19 July; Accepted 28 August; Available online 15 September 2019
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara, Gazi University, Turkey, [email protected]
POTENTIAL OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) IN ACCELERATING WOUND HEALING
Get PDFSnakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) (SF) is a type of fish that lives in fresh water and is widely known by the public. The properties and uses of SF have been scientifically proven to increase albumin levels and immune system as well as speed up the process of post-operative wound healing. The nutritional content of SF consists of albumin protein, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals. Bioactive compounds that play a role in accelerating the wound healing process are albumin, glycine, and zinc (Zn). Wound healing is very dependent on the biochemical processes that occur on the skin involving intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This healing process will be accelerated with the help of dried SF extract which is designed in topical form such as cream or gel. Among albumin, glycine and Zn are important for wound healing because this protein is able to bind Zn and carry it in blood plasma. Zn deficiency reduces the wound healing process. Because of this nutrient, and other vitamins, it is present in SF extract so that it can trigger the formation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) and accelerate wound healing. The presence of Zn in SF extract is likely to be a key factor playing a role in wound healing and also increases the appetite of children. Zn is an important mineral in the structure and function of cell membranes. Zn supplementation can limit membrane damage which is caused by free radicals during inflammation. Furthermore, Zn is also involved in the immune system, from the defense system by the skin to the regulation of genes in lymphocytes.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 August 2019; Revised 9 September; Accepted 30 October, Available online 15 November 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (TARO) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Colocasia esculenta (CE) Linn. (Family: Araceae) is an annual herbaceous plant that is known since ancient times for its curative properties. The objective of current study was phytochemical screening of chemical constituents of Colocasia esculenta extract.
Methods: In this study methanolic and aqueous extracts of one plant namely Colocasia esculenta, were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents and tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Results: TLC tests conducted revealed Rf values in the leaves for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and saponins (0.95-0.96-0.97-0.96-0.97) respectively. The antimicrobial activity extracts against four bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and a single fungal isolate Candida albicans with concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, and 1.0 mg/ml) of the extract were added to the disc and respective solvent was used as negative control. The antioxidative activity of leaf was evaluated by using 1,1- diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the results showed are 86.5%, lowest from standard, ascorbic acid 87.5%.
Conclusion: The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the results showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and amino acid were present in the methanol extract, with absence of glycosides, and amino acids in the aqueous extracts in leaves plant.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 February 2019; Revised 12 March; Accepted 28 April; Available online 15 May 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. O.J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
DETERMINATION OF RIFAMPICIN MONO-RESISTANCE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN: A SIGNIFICANT PHENOMENON IN WAR REGION WITH HIGH PREVALENCE TUBERCLOISIS
Get PDFObjective: The current study was undertaken in Sana'a city, Yemen, which has one of the highest rates of Tuberculosis (TB) in the region. The aims of this retrospective study were determined the prevalence of true RIF's mono-resistance, using the gold standard of molecular assays comparing with culture based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), and determined the associated risk factors of contracting RF gene among Yemeni TB patients.
Methods: Patient's data were collected in a predesigned questionnaire which included demographic information and the relevant risk factors associated with RIF. All sputum specimens received were routinely cultured, and, underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. DNA sequences specific for MTB and RIF were detected by automated molecular test.
Results: The total end treatment rate was 5.94% of the total cases (11/185). MTB gene was positive for all cases which indicate more sensitive than sputum examination; 3.2% of total patients show RIF's genes positive. Higher rate of RIF with male (5.4%), and low in female patients (1.8%). There was higher rate of RIF with age group 36-45 years (8.7%) and >15 years (7.1%). There was significant rate of RIF gene with after food drug taken (RIF=13.3%, with Odds ratio (OR)=6.4), and with DOTs program (RIF=10%, with OR=6.4). In addition, there was significant rate of RIF gene with one dose regimen (11.8%, OR=5.5).
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study reveals the presence of RIF- M. tuberculosis in Sana’a, Yemen and most of them were observed among patients who default treatment. This is considered as a threat to TB control programme and it is recommended that strategies should be put in place in order to ensure patients’ compliance and monitoring of patients’ response to TB treatment.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 April 2019; Revised 9 May; Accepted 28 June; Available online 15 July 2019
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
EFFECT OF PEGYLATED EDGE ACTIVATOR ON SPAN 60 BASED- NANOVESICLES: COMPARISON BETWEEN MYRJ 52 AND MYRJ 59
Get PDFObjective: In recent years, Span 60 based nanovesicles have been the object of growing scientific attention as an alternative potential drug delivery system to conventional liposomes. Surface modification of nanovesicles can adjust the drug release rate and the affinity for the target site. The aim of present work was firstly to study the effects of different PEGylated edge activator (Myrj 52 and Myrj 59) on Span 60 based nanovesicles.Methods: Nanovesicles were prepared using Span 60 alone or in combination with Myrj 52 (polyethylene glycol 2000 monostearate) or Myrj 59 (polyethylene glycol 4400 monostearate) by employing the ethanol injection method. Myrj 52 and Myrj 59 are hydrophilic nonionic surfactants were used to modify the surface of the developed vesicles. Dynamic light scattering was used to determine the size, zeta potential and polydispersity index of the nanovesicles formulation. The vesicles were also characterized for entrapment efficiency and in vitro release.Results: In current work, the modified nanovesicles size (ranging from 54.32 to 141.7 nm), zeta potential (ranging from -5.67 to -27.1 mV) and polydispersity index (ranging from0.248 to 0.531) indicated that the surface modified nanovesicles vesicles are a homogenous and mono-disperse nanovesicles dispersions. The non-modified nanovesicles are showed higher particles size (>2 times) compared to modified nanovesicles. The modified nanovesicles were showed entrapment efficiency ranging from 36.42 to 78.13 %. All the modified nanovesicles showed accepted in vitro release of TN from nanovesicles (>70% released after 8 h), followed Higuchi models as drug release mechanism.Conclusion: In conclusion, these surface modified nanovesicles could be used as a potential drug carrier for a variety of drugs.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 June 2019; Revised 17 July; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2019
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]
Prof. Kapil Kumar, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,Kashipur, US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India, [email protected]
DETECTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES AMONG HOSPITALIZED CASES SUFFERING FROM SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS (SARI) IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. So national influenza surveillance have been important for understanding the epidemiology of influenza over time. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rate of influenza viruses among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), identify circulating types and subtypes of influenza viruses among them, and determine the risk factors associated with SARI.Methods: A total of 320 hospitalized patients suffering from SARI at Al Joumhouri University hospital in Sana’a city were enrolled; and their age was ranged from < 1 year to ≥ 56 years. Both nasopharyngeal and oro-pharyngeal swabs were collected from each patient and tested by using rRT-PCR technique for the detection of influenza A, influenza B and subtypes of influenza A viruses (A/H1N1 (2009) and A/H3N2).Results: The crude prevalent rate of influenza viruses among SARI patients was 10.9%; the female rate was 12.4%, and the male rate was 9.9%.. The rate of Flu A in the total SARI cases was 5.9% and for Flu B was 5%. In addition 3.8% of SARI patients were suffering from influenza A/H3N2, 2.2% from influenza A/H1N1(2009) infections; and the mortality rate for influenza infections was 17.1%. Also, a high mortality rate was occurred in influenza infections in age groups 36-45 years and 6-15 years. Also, there was a significant association between flu infection; and 46-55 years group (OR=2.8), Winter time (OR=17.5), cardiac diseases (OR=9.1), and diabetic mellitus (OR=3.7).Conclusion: In conclusion: both influenza A and B were represented as a causative agents of SARI, and Influenza A/H3N2 was present subtype followed by A/H1N1(2009). The frequency of influenza viruses ascertain among SARI patients in Yemen highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to reduce morbidity among at-risk population in the course of vaccine recommendation.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 June 2019; Revised 13 July; Accepted 28 August; Available online 15 September 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Nicola Micale, University of Messina, Italy, [email protected]
ALCOHOL INFLUENCES AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR THAT INCREASES LIKELIHOOD OF INITIATING DATING VIOLENCE AMONG MALE YOUTH IN COLLEGES WITHIN WESTERN COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW
Get PDF The youth demographic are often linked to alcohol consumption, and it is a widespread assumption that consuming alcohol will increase the likelihood of initiating violence. In the United States, alcohol is the most popular psychoactive drug used and contributes to 40% of violent crimes happening in the country. Among the many forms of violence, dating violence or interpersonal violence are often related to alcohol. Dating violence is often caused by male partners. 20% to 30% of male college students physically abuse their dating partners. Thus, this review study proposes the influence of alcohol on behaviour on male youth in Western colleges and the likelihood of dating violence to emerge. Online journals involving alcohol and violence among male college students in Western countries are searched on PubMed. The Western country selected in the studies found is the United States. The studies chosen were randomised and quantitative studies. Hence, the review hopefully serves as a trigger for future policies to consider the dangers of intoxication more seriously and more research should be done regarding the relationship between alcohol and violent behaviour so that interpersonal violence among adolescents can be reduced.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 August 2019; Revised 9 September; Accepted 30 October, Available online 15 November 2019
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS G VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, SANA'A CITY-YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered and enveloped RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle, which has not yet been proven to have major negative effects on liver. Therefore, it is important to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis G virus infection in Yemeni viral hepatitis patients and general population to design standard prevention and treatment plans.
Methods: Screening HGV antibodies among 60 chronic HBV and 144 chronic HCV patients comparing with its prevalence in 218 healthy controls were carried out. Serum samples were collected and tested for human HGV IgG by commercially available ELISA technique. Demographic data such as gender, age, and risk factors of contracting HGV virus were recorded in predesigned questionnaire.
Results: The crude prevalence rate of HGV was 2.8%, female specific rate was 0% and male specific rate was 3.5%. The prevalence of HGV among HBV patients was 0%; HCV was 1.4% while in healthy individuals it was 4.6%. When age groups considered, the prevalence of HGV among age groups 20-29 years and 30-39 years was 3.5%, while in older age groups the rate of HGV was 0%. There was a trend towards increased levels of HGV infection with the second and third decades of life (3.5%). There was no significant association between HGV infection and risk factors of hepatitis viruses.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that HGV virus is circulating in the risk groups and in the community in general Yemen, and there is a possibility that this virus may at some time become epidemic if preventive measures are not applied. The risk of community among healthy people more than in risk groups as HBV and HCV patients. Additionally HGV increases with young male adults.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 October 2018; Revised 7 November; Accepted 13 December; Available online 15 January 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]