Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CROCUS SATIVUS
Get PDFObjective: Inflammation is a body reaction which embroils cellular and biochemical responses, which is not only symptom for shared diseases but also known to be an initial phase for certain serious Alzheimer’s, cancer, heart vascular diseases. In order to overcome these drawbacks, there is an urgent need for nutraceuticals with excellent anti-inflammatory response with minimum side effects. An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity along with gene expression analysis on ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus (CSEE).
Methods: Dried stigmas of C. sativus were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity by macrophage scavenging assay. In this study, the phagocytic activity of the extract was tested on oxidative burst reduction of macrophages. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the anti-apoptotic gene expression during cell death, as a result of the compound treatment on cancer cells.
Results: The CSEE unveiled high phagocytic activity on the oxidative burst reduction, presenting intracellular killing and the enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activity, showing the active degranulation of macrophages.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. sativus possessed excellent anti-inflammatory as well as apoptotic activities. Hence it was proposed that C. sativus could be exploited against oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, cancer and ageing therapy to justify their use in traditional medicine as a nutraceutical.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 October 2018; Revised 9 November; Accepted 25 December; Available online 15 January 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]
Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDY OF BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSIONS OF ACECLOFENAC
Get PDFObjective: The poor aqueous solubility of the drug exhibits in variable dissolution rate and hence poor bioavailability. Aceclofenac is poorly water soluble drug. The aim of the present study was to improve the water solubility and the dissolution rate of Aceclofenac by solid dispersion technique using different water soluble polymers. The term solid dispersions refer to the dispersions of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix at solid state.
Methods: In this study, binary solid dispersion of Aceclofenac were prepared by fusion method using Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), Poloxamer as carrier. Different drug-carrier weight ratio was used for this study. The effect of the carrier on the solubility and in-vitro dissolution were studied.
Results: It was found the drug was released 26.86% after 5 minutes and only 40.19% within 60 mins from active Aceclofenac on the other hand the release pattern of Aceclofenac from the binary solid dispersion formulations containing PEG 6000 in 1:5 ratio (Formulation coding: A5) showed the best result in comparison of other binary and ternary solid dispersion formulations which was 62.29% after 5 min and 83.03% within 60 mins. The hydrophilic polymers used for the preparation of solid dispersion are showed significant increase in the solubility of Aceclofenac.
Conclusion: This research showed that when Aceclofenac was dispersed in suitable water-soluble carriers such as PEG 6000, PEG 4000, Poloxamer, its dissolution were enhanced compared with pure drug.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 December 2018; Revised 13 January 2019; Accepted 1 March 2019; Available online 15 March 2019
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Areen Alshweiat, University of Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]
CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this survey was to investigate the primary causes for extraction of permanent teeth, its correlations with age and gender, as well as identify the important predictors for dental caries in Sana'a University dental clinics in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Methods: The study was conducted over a period of one year; its population consisted of 1,420 patients, aged 9–72 years, who underwent tooth extraction. There were 761(53.6%) male and 659 (46.4%) female patients. The frequency distribution was calculated using the t-test, ANOVA and t test for differences in mean number of extracted teeth and the logistic regression model to evaluate the variables associated with causes for tooth extraction.Results: A total of 2,585 teeth were extracted from the 1,420 patients. The highest rate (23.1%) of extraction occurred for those 41–50 years old. Males comprised 53.6% of patients but had more teeth (1598, 61.8%) extracted than females (987, 38.2%).The rate of teeth extracted on the day of the survey per patient was 1.82±0.07 (2.1±0.1 in males and 1.5±0.05 in females). Tooth loss due to caries was 69%; periodontal disease was 28%; pre-prosthetic reasons were 1.9% and other reasons were 1.14%. There was a significant association between patient characteristics (age and gender) and number of teeth extracted in which the Mean±SD of extracted numbers were increase with increasing age and higher in male patients than in females (p<0.001). The most frequently extracted teeth were mandibular first and second molars (446, 17.3%), followed by maxillary premolars (415, 16.1%), while mandibular canines were least frequently extracted (87, 3.4%).Conclusion: In conclusion; dental caries and periodontal problems were the main causes for tooth extraction in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2019; Revised 17 March; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Psidium guajava (PG) belongs to the family Myrtaceae that is believed to have active components that help to treat conditions like malaria, gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, wounds, ulcers, toothache, coughs, sore throat, inflamed gums, and a number of other condition. The objective of current study was phytochemical screening of chemical constituents of Psidium guajava extract.Methods: In this study methanolic and aqueous extracts of one plant namely Psidium guajava, were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents and tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.Results: TLC tests conducted revealed Rf values in the leaves for alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenols and Saponins(0.96-0.97-0.99-0.97-0.99) respectively. The antimicrobial activity extracts against four bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and a single fungal isolate Candida albicans with concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, and 1,0 mg/ml) of the extract were added to the disc and respective solvent was used as negative control. The antioxidative activity of leaf was evaluated by using 1,1- diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the results showed are 88.4%, highest from standard, ascorbic acid 87.5%.Conclusion: The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the results showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and amino acid were present in the methanol extract, with absence of glycosides, and amino acids in the aqueous extracts in leaves plant.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 February 2019; Revised 13 March; Accepted 27 April; Available online 15 May 2019
Academic Editor:
Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFIt would like to thank as well the editor-in-chief for the invitation and the opportunity given to me to write this letter. UJPR is growing every year with lots of published researches covering many scientific disciplines. One of the outstanding key for this success is the healthy team work environment within the board. Every member is doing his role perfectly and on time. The UJPR managing team, is very helpful, responding promptly to us, and always sharing with the board every detail. UJPR is an international journal that gathers editors and researchers from all over the world. Editorial Board members originates from different countries like; India, China, Egypt, Nigeria, Malaysia, Ireland, Indonesia, Hungary, United States, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Kingdom, South Africa, Iraq, and Brazil. Authors originated from Nigeria, Egypt, India, China, and many others. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research publish research articles of diverse scientific interests; Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, Pharmacology, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, immunopharmacology, inflammation, gastrointestinal and urogenital diseases, molecular mechanisms of action of various synthetic and natural occurring drugs., apoptotic inducers from plants, microbes and marine organisms, design and development of drugs, bioactivity of plant extracts, microbial extracts, their chemical standardization using different analytical techniques, medicinal plants growing in Asia-Pacific region, their chemical standardization, isolation of medicinal agents from these plants and their role with regard to global health issues, safety valuation, pre-clinical toxicology, interaction with drugs and harmful events of herbal preparations and Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natural compounds. UJPR is also indexed and abstracted in more than 40 well known indexing services including Google Scholar, CAS, CASSI (American Chemical Society), BASE, Directory of Science, ROAD, ICV and many more. The journal had 158 citations until November 2019. UJPR’s website is very well organized and informative. It is easy to use and number of visitors are increasing daily. I can expect that Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research will have soon a good impact factor because of the dedicated editors and reviewers and the author’s contributions
ANTI-DIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL AND CHLOROFORM SEED EXTRACT OF COLA NITIDA IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIARRHEA
Get PDFObjective: Cola nitida has been used in traditional medicine to treat diverse ailments including diarrhea. This study is carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of the ethanol and chloroform seed extract of Cola nitida in Wistar albino rats.
Methods: The ethanol and chloroform extracts of Cola nitida were evaluated with different doses (100mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 650mg/kg of animal weight) orally for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil induced-diarrhea, gastrointestinal motility test and castor oil-induced gastroenteropooling in Wistar albino rats. The observed activity was compared to standard antidiarrheal drug Lopermaide hydrochloride (2mg/kg) and to distilled water (10ml/kg) which served as the negative control.
Results: Cola nitida ethanol extract at 150, 300 and 650mg/kg showed 55.64%, 59.73%, and 71.34% inhibition in gastrointestinal motility respectively. A significant reduction in diarrheal episodes (p<0.0001) was also observed with 650mg/kg of both extracts showing 100% inhibition. A reduction in the volume of fluid in the small intestine was also seen, this was however not significant. The chloroform extract of Cola nitida on the other hand produced a significant reduction in volume and weight of small intestinal content (p<0.05) with 650mg/kg showing a 92.73% inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation.
Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extract of Cola nitida showed anti-diarrheal activity in animal model by decreasing the frequency of defecation and by reducing gastrointestinal motility and intraluminal fluid accumulation in the intestine.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 August 2019; Revised 7 September; Accepted 29 October, Available online 15 November 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFI am thankful to the publishers for providing opportunity to be a member of editorial board of UJPR. Writing for Scientific community is always an arduous task. I have been a silent observer of progress made by UJPR. We must agree that growth is rapid among the long list of journals. UJPR has not compromised with quality which is the biggest achievement. The authors have contributed good quality papers supported by well researched data. They have made job of reviewers difficult. After all a foolproof paper is a challenge to reviewers. For this both authors and reviewers deserve appreciation.
In recent times the standard of education has gone up worldwide. The terms “developing and underdeveloped countries” is fading away. This has resulted in significant contribution from scientists from these nations in scientific writing and reports. Students enrolling for pharma education has gone up significantly. Pharm D program has changed the value and acceptance of pharma professionals many fold. The number of students enrolled in Ph. D. programme in this field has seen significant growth over the years. This has resulted in significant contribution from scientists from these nations in scientific writing and reports. With the boom in digital access, a challenge has emerged for validation of the research publication. Plagiarism has become a common menace for publisher of scientific journals. Plagiarism can easily be understood as false assumption of authorship. Add to this a large amount of fake data just for the sake of publication. Plagiarism has caused challenge and conflict to researchers and academicians who largely depend on data available on internet. The authors must also be careful while writing or checking the manuscript. Sometimes line between plagiarism and original may be very thin. Not putting a quote in inverted comma may result in plagiarism.
To conclude I must say, the demon is looming large. We as scientific community must identify such offenders. In conferences and workshop such culprits must be highlighted. The area of research must be quarantined for such felon of scientific community. Let us take a pledge to fight against such activity and keep the field of research clean and pious.
My best wishes to all
USAGE OF 3D PRINTER TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIELDS: A REVIEW
Get PDFAlong with the developing technology, 3D printers have found broad applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Precise digital control over layer by layerprinting given by 3D printers allows drugs, cosmetics and medical devices like prostheses to be personalized for treatment. Additionaly, the physical structure of 3D printed productsand theirvisualization is effective on surgical planning, educational and research applications alleviating the endeavior of surgeons,students and scientists, respectively. Since FDA’s first 3D printed drug approval in 2015, the research for new approaches has been growing although the manufacturers need regularity certainty. However this technology exists for a long time and it is of public interest now due to the approval of 3-D printed tablet and other medical devices and also with the advent of USFDA’s guidance on technical considerations specific to devices using additive manufacturing which encompasses 3-dimensional (3D) printing has triggered many thoughts about this technology which needs to be considered for successful delivery of intended product. As for 3D organ printing, it remains the great expectation albeit some attempts. This review is aimed at giving brief explanations about 3D printing achievements and applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 April 2019; Revised 11 May; Accepted 30 June; Available online 15 July 2019
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Amani S. Awaad, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj. KSA., [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND TUBERCULOSIS IN REVIEW OF PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by M. tuberculosis, also known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. There is a bidirectional relationship between TB and diabetes, and they both impact the presentation of each other. Diabetes is being increasingly recognized as a risk factor for TB. The expected rise in diabetes cases in developing countries having the brunt of tuberculosis would increase the influence of diabetes on TB in the coming future. The impact and relationship between TB and diabetes will vary across different regions of the world depending on the incidence and prevalence of each condition. Patient education is so important in understanding the disease nature (both TB and diabetes), duration of treatment, side effects of drugs, and complications of disease as well as the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices. The objective of this review is to determine the prevalence, diagnostic and prevention strategy between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. The selected studies were identified using Pub Med database. The identified studies define lifestyle as important risk factor that may worsen the progression of the disease. This article also discussed about the prevalence of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus over a span of 8 years.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 June 2019; Revised 16 July; Accepted 29 August; Available online 15 September 2019
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES
Get PDFThe apocynaceae family is one of the most medicinally diverse families in the plant kingdom and is a rich source for drugs that have found use both traditionally and in conventional medicine. The medicinal activity of these plants was due to the presence of alkaloids which were either indoline alkaloids or steroidal alkaloids. The family Apocynaceae consists of tropical trees, shrubs and vines. Characteristic features of the family are that almost all species produce milky sap. In traditional medicine, Apocynaceae species are used to treat gastrointestinal ailments, fever, malaria, pain and diabetes, including skin and ecto-parasitic diseases. Some are important timber species while many are planted as ornamentals. Non-medicinal uses include food, poisons, fodder, wood, ornamentals, dye and perfume. A total of 4600 species under 415 genera belonging to the family Apocynaceae were collected and identified. Species of Apocynaceae have been reported to possess anticancer and antimalarial properties. Species having cytotoxic activity include those of Catharanthus, Nerium, Plumeria, Tabernaemontana and Ichnocarpus. Catharanthusroseus is the most medicinally important plant in this family due to its use in the treatment of various types of cancers, other agents that have been derived from this family include the alkaloids reserpine and rescinamine which have been used against hypertension, others are the cardiac glycosides.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 December 2018; Revised 11 January 2019; Accepted 3 March 2019; Available online 15 March 2019
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]