Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTIONS OF QUST AL HINDI (Saussurea lappa) ROOT
Get PDFBackground: Qutsh al Hindi (Saussurea lappa), commonly known as Indian wood, is a traditional medicine that had been used empirically as anti-inflammatory and pneumonia. Its potential as anti-inflammatory activity is proven by many researches in vitro and in vivo.
Aim and objective: This study aims to identifying active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of Qutsh al Hindi (S. lappa) using GC-MS.
Method: The extract was obtained by powder of S. lappa roots using maceration method and evaporated to obtained thick extract. Then, the isolate of extract would be fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The compounds that carried out by fractionation would be identified using GC-MS.
Result: Based on this research, the analysis of S. lappa ethyl acetate fraction showed 119 compounds using GC-MS. Other supporting factors using Mass Chromatography. The result was one of target compound identified, i.e. β-cyclocostunolide, a derivate compound from costunolide that has an anti-inflammatory activity.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that a fraction of S. lappa roots ethyl acetate contain β-cyclocostunolide as anti-inflammatory compounds.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 September 2024; Reviewed 12 November; Accepted 25 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected]
REVIEW ON CELLULAR SIGNALING, GROWTH FACTORS, AND MECHANICAL STIMULUS IN NERVE REGENERATION
Get PDFThe autonomous and peripheral constitute the entire nervous system. Peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma, accident and other associated factors always results in a huge loss of both the sensory and motor functions. The injured nerves can be successfully restored through the rebuilding of the functional axons. The complete recovery of PNI has not been optimized. Exogenous growth factor (GF) is a new therapeutic strategy that can be used in nerve regeneration. Growth factors mechanism of action is based on the ability to activate the signaling cascades via binding to the individual receptors in order to exert the multiple effects and restore the neuron and tissue regeneration. Although the GFs are limited by their short half-life and rapid deactivation. The use of nerve conduits has been able to reduce these limitations. The nerve conduits have been good biocompatibility and biofunctionality properties.
Peer Review History:
Received 14 September 2024; Reviewed 18 November 2024; Accepted 23 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
DAWN OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY ENGINEERING LIFE AT THE MICROSCOPIC SCALE: A REVIEW
Get PDFSynthetic biology, converging biology, engineering and computer science, allows the design of new biological systems, promising revolutions in healthcare, agriculture and environmental sustainability. Its core principles—modularity, abstraction hierarchies, orthogonality, predictability, and standardization—enable systematic biological engineering. Modularity breaks complex systems into manageable parts, while abstraction hierarchies organize these parts by complexity. Orthogonality ensures independent function of synthetic components and predictability is achieved through modeling and computation. Standardization promotes reproducibility and collaboration. Mechanistically, synthetic biology manipulates DNA, designs genetic circuits and metabolic pathways and applies physical and computational principles. Techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing construct recombinant DNA. Genetic circuits control gene expression and metabolic engineering optimizes pathways. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) accelerates innovation by analyzing data, predicting protein structures and automating experiments, improving drug and therapy development.Synthetic biology can address global challenges like infectious diseases, climate change and food security, in addition to the potential applications in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. By understanding its principles and using advanced technologies, researchers can realize the field's potential for a better future.
Peer Review History:
Received 12 December 2024; Reviewed 6 January 2025; Accepted 17 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. O.J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Omid Gholami, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran, [email protected]
EVALUATING THE SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS EXTRACTS WITH ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST MDR BACTERIA
Get PDFBackground: The rise of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug-resistant bacteria is growing global threat, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, has become a critical challenge in clinical microbiology and pharmacotherapy and even be untreatable with conventional antibiotics. Exploring plant-derived antimicrobial offers promising complementary strategies.
Objective: This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and investigate the synergistic effect of the high effective concentration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts in combination with ceftazidime, cefoperazone and gentamycin against P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae.
Method: The dried leaves of rosemary were macerated in 96% ethanol and water to prepare ethanolic and aqueous extract and phytochemical screening was conducted to identify active constituents. Clinical MDR isolates were tested using agar well diffusion method. For synergy, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and gentamycin discs were immersed in 100% ethanolic and aqueous extracts separately and tested against MDR strains.
Results: Ethanolic extract exhibited dose dependent antibacterial activity with maximum zones of inhibition at 100mg/ml: P. aeruginosa (7.50±0.50 mm), K. pneumoniae (6.00±0.20 mm). Aqueous extract showed negligible activity. Synergistic testing revealed enhanced inhibition zones when antibiotic discs were pre-treated with ethanolic extract. While aqueous extract showed decreasing in the inhibition zone.
Conclusions: The 100 mg/ml ethanolic extract of R. officinalis enhances the efficacy of cefoperazone and gentamicin and no effect on ceftazidime. These findings indicate that rosemary extract could serve as potential adjunct in overcoming antibiotic resistance.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 18 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Areen Alshweiat, University of Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]
Dr. Awofisayo, O Abosede, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
ASSESSING SMILE SATISFACTION AND NEEDS OF DENTAL IMPROVEMENT TREATMENTS AMONG DENTISTS, INTERNS, AND STUDENTS IN YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Individual differences in how they view beauty may have an impact on their desire for cosmetic procedures. Several studies have compared dentists' perceptions of smile treatments with the general public. However, few studies have compared the perceptions of dental students, interns, and recent dental graduates with those of a similar group of dental professionals. This study aimed to compare how dental students perceive dental smiles and the extent to which they seek dental enhancement treatments.
Methods: A cross-sectional study be directed at dental students in their final two years, trainee students, dentists, and specialists in Yemen using a written questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and distributed by the researchers. The study included 264 students and 65 dentists, including general dentists, periodontists, orthodontists, endodontics, surgical dentists, operative dentists, prosthodontics, and pediatric dentists.
Results: The study found that 79.6% of participants were confident about their overall teeth, while 75.7% were confident about their tooth color, size, shape, and alignment. The study found that 40.4% of participants had crowding, 14.3% had gaps, 12.8% had fractures, and 37.1% had dental caries. 16.7% did not have cosmetic restorations, and 9.7% suffered from protruding teeth. 14% experienced a deep bite, while 4.9% experienced an open bite. The study found that 25.8% of participants sought orthodontic treatment, while 35.9% desired other treatments to improve their appearance. The majority (22.5%) preferred teeth whitening, while 39.2% prioritized function, while 53.2% prioritized aesthetics.
Conclusion: The study reveals that students, trainees, and dentists all respond positively to smile improvement procedures, showing satisfaction with their smiles and understanding the potential negative effects.
Peer Review History:
Received 12 April 2025; Reviewed 18 May 2025; Accepted 22 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Abdulwahab Ismail Al-kholani, Dean of Faculty of Dentistry at 21 September University, Yemen. [email protected]
Prof. Ahmed Kadry Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan, Atos pharma-Seke, Egypt, [email protected]
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE IN USING THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST TOWARDS ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Get PDFBackground and aims: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as an urgent worldwide problem, particularly in developing countries like Yemen. Clinical microbiology laboratories play an essential role in guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy through antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in public and private laboratories in Sana’a, Yemen, focusing on bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing 220 AST reports on positive urine cultures from public and private laboratories in Sana’a. The appropriateness of antimicrobial agent selection for testing and reporting susceptibility results was evaluated against CLSI M100-Ed32, 2022 guideline. Additionally, a standardized questionnaire was used to assess laboratory personnel's knowledge and practices related to AST.
Results: The study identified significant discrepancies in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting practice between private and public laboratories in Sana'a, Yemen. Findings indicate a significant gap in the adherence to CLSI guidelines, with low testing and reporting rates for primary appropriate antimicrobial agents and over-reporting of inappropriate agents.
Conclusions: The study identified significant gaps in knowledge and adherence to international AST standards. Selective reporting is not being implemented. Therefore, a national antimicrobial program, including AST's unified guidelines, regular training in laboratory workers, and the creation of accurate internal and external measures to ensure accuracy and reliability of AST results.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 April 2025; Reviewed 10 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Bountain Welcome Tebeda,Chemical Pathology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. [email protected]
COMPARISON OF THE MASS FRACTION OF 35 TRACE ELEMENTS IN BENIGNLY TRANSFORMED AND INTACT BREAST TISSUE ADJACENT TO A BENIGN LESION
Get PDFBackground: Many women around the world suffer from benign breast diseases. The causes of this disease are not entirely clear, although it is known that disturbances in the homeostasis of chemical elements in the breast tissue play a significant role in the etiology of diseases of this organ. The present study aimed to identify changes in the mass fractions of 35 trace elements in benign transformation of breast tissue compared to the levels of these microelements characteristic of the norm.
Method: We achieved this goal using a previously developed sample preparation technique that allows us to determine the content of 35 microelements in breast tissue samples weighing approximately 10 mg using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using the developed technique, samples of benignly transformed and intact breast tissue adjacent to a benign lesion were examined.
Results: It was found that in benignly altered tissue, the content of studied elements, except for Ba, Cr, Nb, and Ti exceeded the levels characteristic of intact breast tissue adjacent to the lesion.
Conclusion: The observed significant increase in the content of many trace elements in benignly altered tissue compared to intact adjacent breast tissue can be used to develop new in vitro and in vivo diagnostic methods in which trace element levels in the breast lesion will act as markers. The discovered phenomenon, which opens up new possibilities in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of benign breast diseases, requires further, more in-depth study.
Peer Review History:
Received 12 April 2025; Reviewed 18 May 2025; Accepted 20 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
SINGLE INSERTION TECHNIQUE DIRECTED BY THE ANTERIOR-THUMB AND THE POSTERIOR-FINGER FOR MANDIBULAR ANESTHESIA
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Since it has a major impact on patient comfort, compliance, and treatment results overall, effective pain management is essential to dental and maxillofacial operations. In the field of mandibular anesthesia, the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is one of the most commonly utilized method. It anesthetizes the lower lip, mandibular teeth, and related soft tissues. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Single Insertion Technique (SIT) for concurrent anesthesia of the long buccal (LBN), lingual (LN), and inferior alveolar (IAN) nerves.
Subjects and Methods: A prospective clinical trial was performed on 1,000 patients aged 18-65 years requiring mandibular procedures. This procedure involved inserting a single long needle, guided by intraoral palpation of the anterior border and extra orally supported along the posterior ramus. Lidocaine (2%) with 1:80,000 epinephrine was administered sequentially to the internal alveolar nerve (IAN), the long buccal nerve (LN), and the lower alveolar nerve (LBN) after passive aspiration.
Results: High success rates were observed: 95% for IAN, 98% for LN, and 85% for LBN blocks. Mean onset times were 3.3 minutes (IAN), 2.2 minutes (LN), and 2.0 minutes (LBN). Anesthesia duration ranged from 40 to 90 minutes, with the IAN block lasting the longest. Patient satisfaction scores exceeded 9/10 across all blocks. A strong negative correlation (r= -0.85 to -0.78, p<0.001) was found between onset time and success rate, indicating that faster onset is associated with greater anesthetic success.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the single-entry mandibular nerve block technique, focusing on the anterior thumb and posterior finger landmarks, is a reliable method for anesthetizing the inferior alveolar, lingual, and long buccal nerves. This technique has a high overall success rate (92%), rapid onset, satisfactory duration, and high patient satisfaction, demonstrating strong clinical potential.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 24 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]
Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF NEUROSENSORY RECOVERY IN INFRAORBITAL AND INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE IMPAIRMENTS AFTER MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground and aims: FSR has a substantial impact on patients' quality of life, but it is yet unknown how age, gender, repair timing, and surgical methods affect this. Optimizing surgical methods and enhancing clinical results depend on closing this knowledge gap. By looking at these factors, this study aims to offer evidence-based recommendations to direct patient treatment and improve recuperation techniques. Assessing the results of sensory neurological recovery in individuals with impairments in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and infraorbital nerve (ION) after mandibular and zygomatico-maxillary complex (ZMC) fractures was the goal of this investigation.
Methods: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria were followed in conducting a systematic review. Age, sex, time from damage to repair, and repair method were prognostic factors. All reviews, animal studies, research papers published before 2014, and those without full-text access were excluded. On February 25, 2025, electronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases.
Results: The analysis included a comprehensive dataset of 3491 patients, with a mean age of 34.25 years. The primary causes of fractures were traffic accidents (58.65 %), falls (20.56%), and assaults (20.79%). Treatment methods included open reduction (72.70%), closed reduction (7.27%), and conservative treatment (20.03%). Recovery outcomes indicated an overall recovery rate of 73.23%, with a mean follow-up duration of 186.5 days. The results were equal in both sexes, with higher rates in open reduction and early inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repair.
Conclusions: Recovery outcomes indicated a high recovery rate, equally observed in both sexes, with higher rates for open reduction and early inferior alveolar nerve repair. The study emphasizes the critical role of treatment modalities and timing in influencing neurosensory recovery and calls for the adoption of standardized treatment protocols and expanded follow-up care. To validate these results and enhance clinical guidelines, more excellent research is required.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 June 2025; Reviewed 14 July 2025; Accepted 19 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Branislav Ranković, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, [email protected]
Dr. Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, [email protected]
DIGITAL TWINS FOR SICKLE CELL PATIENTS: INTEGRATING BIOINFORMATICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND CLINICAL DATA
Get PDFSickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder characterized by considerable clinical variability and frequent complications, including vaso-occlusive crises, strokes, and organ damage. Conventional care methods frequently struggle to forecast personal disease pathways or customize timely interventions. In this scenario, digital twin technology a real-time, data-centric virtual representation of a patient presents a unique chance to revolutionize disease management by combining genomics, clinical information, and computational intelligence. This review examines the convergence of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence in creating digital twins that can accurately model SCD pathophysiology. Bioinformatics tools derive insights from multiomics data, uncovering genetic factors and molecular pathways that affect disease severity. AI and machine learning algorithms subsequently evaluate intricate clinical and biometric data, facilitating immediate risk assessment, treatment modeling, and dynamic care planning. When connected to wearable devices and electronic health records, these technologies improve the responsiveness and personalization of care delivery.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali, Modern University for technology and information, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]