Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Biofilm formation by uropathogens on the surface of indwelling medical devices can inflict obstinate or recurring infection, thought-provoking antimicrobial therapy. This study included 227 patients with indwelling urinary catheters and suffering from CAUTI. They were analyzed for biofilm formation and antibiogram susceptibility, 59.4% were males and 40.6% were females.
Methods: Ensuing phenotypic identification of isolated bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2015) guidelines; Biofilm-forming uropathogens were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method.
Results: The predominant uropathogen in catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) was Escherichia coli 46.3%, followed by K. pneumoniae18.5%, P. aeruginosa 11.9%,7%, S. coagulase negative 5.7%, S. aureus 4.8%, Enterobacter spp. 4.4%, E. faecalis 1.3%. The total rate of biofilm producer bacteria was 49.3% (21.1% high producers, 28.2% moderate producers). Prime biofilm producers were E. coli 60% with OR=8.6 (p=0.002), followed by K. pneumoniae 57.1% with OR=10.1 (p=0.002), and P. aeruginosa 37% with OR=6.6 (p=0.02). Gram-negative biofilm producers found 100%, 100%, 88.6%, 82.9%, 81.9%, 80.9%, and 72.4%, 40%, 33% resistant to ampicillin , amoxyclave, cotrimoxazole, ceftraxone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin and amikacin respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed in biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. Of recommended antimicrobial therapies for CAUTIs, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the least active antibiotics, whereas imipenem and amikacin were found as the most effectual for gram-negative biofilm producer. Likewise, penicillin and erythromycin were the least active antibiotics, whereas vancomycin, and rifampicin were found as the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm producer.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 October 2019; Revised 6 November; Accepted 27 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
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Get PDFWelcome to the new issue of Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR). In this issue we have received articles from different authors of Brazil, China, Italy, Nigeria, Sudan, Turkey, Yemen. UJPR is a peer reviewed, open access and online journal in English language for the enhancement of research in different areas of pharmaceutical sciences. The journal welcomes articles in this multidisciplinary field. The aim of the UJPR is to give a highly readable and valuable addition to the literature which will serve as an indispensable reference tool for years to come. The editorial team from many countries works hard to enhance the quality of the journal. The UJPR continues to improve with time and I am sure the journal will get indexing with some more reputable indexing services in the near future. I hope you enjoy this issue and wish you a joyful reading. As always, we welcome your feedback and submissions.
Unfortunately, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is disrupting universities and research institutes across the world and the damage to science is big. But some institutions are also working very hard to find out how the disease can be stopped and its effects mitigated. Our best hope is to slow the spread of the virus as far as possible. Scientists are developing new drugs against virus but the only way to actually prevent people from catching COVID-19 is with a vaccine and we don’t yet have it.
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PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE WITH ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY ESTIMATION OF CRUDE EXTRACT, ESSENTIAL OIL AND D-LIMONENE FROM CITRUS AURANTIUM L. AGAINST EHRLICH CARCINOMA
Get PDFObjective: Plant based drugs have been a solution in the search for more cost-effective and less harmful drugs for the treatment of neoplasia. Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) is abundant in Brazil and D-limonene, a monoterpene used in the prevention and treatment of neoplasia, was identified as a major compound in the oil of this specie. Objective of current study includes estimation of anti-tumor activity of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) (crude extract, essential oil and D-limonene) against Ehrlich carcinoma, as well as their phytochemical evaluation (D-limonene and essential oil).
Methods: There was a randomized non-clinical trial in which were used adult male mice (Balb-C). Four groups of animals were used having 6 numbers of animal in each group. All groups were inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor and then received the treatment (control, crude extract, essential oil and D-limonene) by oral route daily (28 day treatment). Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by the means of GC (Gas Chromatography) that was attached to mass spectrometry. In last of the observations hemogram was obtained.
Results: Animals treated with the essential oil has shown no significant difference compared to the group treated with D-limonene. The group treated with crude extract had a growth inhibition close to the essential oil and D-limonene groups.
Conclusion: It´s concluded that the essential oil and the crude extract of Citrus aurantium, L. (Rutaceae) can become therapeutic agents because of their anti-tumor activity with no toxicity to the blood cells and have low cost of production. Further studies are necessary, so they can be used in the treatment of neoplasia in humans. The chromatographic and spectrometric analyzes indicated the presence of other components in smaller amounts in the essential oil, which suggests that they could have a synergic activity to the D-limonene.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 April 2020; Revised 11 May; Accepted 22 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected]
USE OF COLCHICINE TO COUNTERACT THE STRONG HYPERINFLAMMATORY STATE INDUCED BY SARS-COV-2
Get PDFResearch in present time has been focusing on finding a specific SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or antiviral, which will probably be the therapeutic goal in the fight against the virus. In the meantime, scientific evidence shows that it is possible to have effective clinical improvements of infected patients in reducing the strong hyperinflammatory state. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is divided into three stages. The most serious phase is the third one where the immune system overdrives and launches an intense attack against itself. This is called "cytokine storm" and leads to tissue damage and often to death. Stopping the cytokine storm early is definitely an effective move; since March several studies have been evaluating how this can be an important pharmacological aspect. Blocking IL-6 or IL-1 inhibitors, for example, is already known to have wide efficacy, but they are not alone in being able to block the cascade of cytokines. This is a clinical pharmacology article and demonstrates how the use of colchicine, monotherapy or in combination in all three phases of SARS-CoV-2, controls inflammation and prevents patient death. Colchicine is safe and effective for treating SARS-CoV-2 patients in preventing inflammation and lung collapse and is certainly useful as an added remedy for other drugs. The advantage is certainly its safety profile much higher than that provided by other drugs, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Note is the story of hydroxychloroquine: use has been banned due to its high toxicity.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 April 2020; Revised 9 May; Accepted 20 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF THYMOQUINONE OBTAINED FROM THE SEEDS OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND VERAPAMIL ON THE VOLUME AND ACIDITY OF GASTRIC ACID SECRETION
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: The over production of gastric acid results in peptic ulcer. This study was done to compare the effects of thymoquinone and Verapamil on volume and acidity of carbachol induced gastric secretion.
Methods: There were 24 rabbits used, weighing 1-1.5 kg. The rabbits were kept on fasting for 48 hours. After fasting, the pylorus of each rabbit was ligated. Thymoquinone 5 mg/kg, Carbachol 600mg/kg and Verapamil 10 mg/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally. Pylorus ligation method was used for getting gastric contents and titration method was used for finding out acidity.
Results: Verapamil has been proved very effective for the treatment of many diseases. The drug verapamil inhibits the release of histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin. Verapamil has also shown effects in reducing the secretion of gastric acid. It was found that Thymoquinone reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion, which were statistically highly significant when compared with Carbachol (P=0.000) but when we compared the results of Thymoquinones with that of Verapamil, it was non-significant.
Conclusions: It was concluded that Thymoquinone can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and all other diseases which are caused by increased gastric acidity like dyspepsia, gastritis and reflux esophagitis.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 June 2020; Revised 13 July; Accepted 24 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, National Research Centre, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mahmut Yıldıztekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey, [email protected]
VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HCl, GUAIFENESIN, CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE AND DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr
Get PDFObjectives: Pseudoephedrine HCl, Guaifenesin, Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Dextromethorphan HBr combination is a common combination cough syrup. Many validated methods are available for the determination of each compound alone and in combination with other drugs. The local pharmaceutical industry used to analyze such combination in individual assessment which is efforts and time consuming. The objective of this study is to validate a method for simultaneous determinations of the four compounds in one single injection.
Methods: HPLC method had been develop using detector at 210 nm, column C18 4.6 mm × 250 mm, 3µm and mobile phase of Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, acetonitrile, orthophosphoric acid, triethanolamine and water. The column oven temperature is 400C, flow rate 0.8 ml/min and 60 minutes run time. The method had been validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to method specificity, linearity and range, precision, accuracy and robustness. Limit of detection, quantitation limit and solution stability had been assessed.
Results: The average retention times the 4 compounds are 5.5, 12.63, 15.85, 50.44 minutes. The RSD% is less than 1%, the theoretical plates is more than 2000, the tailing factor is not more than 2 and the resolution between the peaks was found to be above 20. The Method showed an appropriate linearity having correlation coefficient r2 0.9996 – 0.9998. The RSD% of results for two analysts in two different apparatus in two days was less than 2. The test solution is stable for 48 hours.
Conclusion: The method is simple and fulfilled all acceptable criteria for all validation parameters. The method is qualified enough to be used for routine analysis of products containing the four components.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 August 2020; Revised: 12 September; Accepted: 22 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Vijay Kumar Singh, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India, [email protected]
Dr. Showkat Ahmad Bhawani, UNIMAS Sarawak Malaysia, [email protected]
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND COGNITIVE ENHANCER PLANTS PRESENT IN BANGLADESH: A STUDY REVIEW
Get PDFIn present scenario the exploit of conventional medicine is enlarging to newer prospects in addition to plants still stay as the original source of the structurally significant compounds that guide to the expansion of the innovative drugs. Recently Bangladesh has concerning forty five thousands plant variety among which therapeutic assets has been treated to the several thousands. The conventional Bangladeshi system of the medicine, Ayurveda reveals the exercise of the plants in treatment of the various diseases. The ethnobotanical investigation done in the most recent few decades have revealed cognitive, anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic actions of the plants mentioned in the conventional literature. Numerous herbal groundings are being stipulated as the anti-inflammatory, cognitive as well as analgesic in traditional literature. The research for innovative anti-inflammatory, cognitive and analgesic agents from enormous array of the medicinal plant sources is escalating. This reviews such type of the plant species in addition to their products which have demonstrated experimental and clinical anti-inflammatory and also analgesic, cognitive actions, the possible method of the action in addition to their therapeutic value. Several of the significant taxa which are originated efficient as cognitive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents such as Callophyllum inophyllum L, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz., Calotropis procera (Ak.) R.Br., Cannabis sativa L., Curcuma longa L., Kalanchoe crenata Andr., Spillanthes acmella Murr, Mangifera indica L., Ricinus communis Linn., Sida cordifolia L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Ginkgo biloba , Zizyphus jujube, Emblica Officinalis, Cocos nucifera, Celastrus paniculatus. Here these plants species have shown contrasting degrees of cognitive, anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic activities.
Peer Review History:
Received: 10 August 2020; Revised: 13 September; Accepted: 24 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected]
PURIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COMBINATION OF HEMI-SYNTHESIZED THIOSEMICARBAZONES OF MITRACARPUS SCABER ZUCC
Get PDFObjective: The harvested Mitracarpus Scaber plants are identified in the national herbarium and registered under the number AA. 6252/HLB. During this work, three crude extracts are prepared from three organic solvents, namely dichloromethane; ethanol and hydroethanol in 50/50 v/v proportion.
Methods: The respective alkaloid extracts obtained from the corresponding crude extracts served as substrates for the hemi synthesis of thiosemicarbazone totals from thiosemicarbazides. The three hemi-synthesis products obtained were tested on eight (08) strains of germs, namely E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. faecalis ATCC 22921, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, C. albicans ATCC 10231, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae and Dermatophilus 146.
Results: The ethanolic extract of thiosemicarbazones exhibited the best bioactive activity and was found to be the most selective. By a series of bioguided chromatographies: TLC thin layer chromatography; CPA atmospheric pressure chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography. MPLC (medium pressure liquid chromatography), separation on dextran gel: Sephadex® LH20). The use of available spectral data, cross-checked with that of the literature, made it possible to identify and purify three (03) molecules of thiosemicarbazones, making it possible to study the biological activity of their combination.
Conclusion: On the basis of results, this work has made it possible to confirm the concept which affirms that medicinal plants are libraries of several thousand molecules.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 October 2019; Revised 7 November; Accepted 29 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Amani S. Awaad, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj. KSA., [email protected]
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSIS WATER AND DIALYSATE AT MUKALLA ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY CENTER IN MUKALLA CITY - HADHRAMAUT - YEMEN: RATE OF CONTAMINATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TO ANTIBIOTICS
Get PDFObjective: Water treatment systems are a vital factor in dialysis therapy and precise control of hemodialysis water bacteriological quality is predominantly important in order to assurance a better quality of life of the hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to detect the level of contamination in hemodialysis water and dialysate by bacteria in Mukalla Artificial Kidney Center and investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated bacteria.
Methods: Forty eight samples of water and dialysate were assembled weekly over a period of 3 months from 4 points. Bacteriological analysis of samples was carried out then antimicrobial susceptibilities patterns of isolated bacteria were concluded by disk diffusion method.
Results: The mean of total count of bacteria for dialysis water and dialysate were higher than the recommended values (100 CFU/ ml). The isolated bacteria which colonized the hemodialysis systems were mostly Gram-negative bacilli as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobater sp. In general, most of the isolated bacteria were poorly responsive to antibiotics.
Conclusion: In conclusion: Dialysis water and dialysate not passed to meet the bacteriological provisions for hemodialysis. To reduce the hazard of contaminants for hemodialysis patients, a sufficient system for water treatment, disinfection of hemodialysis system, and bacteriological contamination monitoring of the water and dialysate are necessary.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 October 2019; Revised 5 November; Accepted 27 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Maya Shaaban Eissa Hussein, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
ACORUS CALAMUS L ON TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS MEDICATION
Get PDFDiabetes is one of the metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for ~90–95% of those with diabetes, the cause is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response. Adequate glycemic control is thus one of the key factors to treat and/or reduce the diabetes and many plants have been used to reduce the glucose level by inhibiting the α-glucosidase that breaks down starch and disaccharides to glucose. Acorus calamus L (AC), a folk medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. In vitro α-glucosidase assay were carried out by measuring the release of p-nitrophenol, the insulin sensitizing activity, AC significantly decreased fasting serum glucose, and suppressed the increase of blood glucose levels after 2g/kg glucose loading in normal mice, in silico study showed that chemical compound on AC can inhibit α-glucosidase and the present study is designed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of AC on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression and secretion related to its hypoglycemic effects.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 February 2020; Revised 11 March; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]