Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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CRITICAL REVIEW ON BOMBAX CEIBA, ALOE VERA AND XIMENIA AMERICANA
Get PDFTherapeutic plants are extensively increased in scenery with their efficient therapeutic properties. India has the greater natural ecosystem from past two decades, near has been a marvelous augment in the applications of natural medicines; though there is still a noteworthy deficiency in the research of medicinal plants and it has the great resources of medicinal plants which are noteworthy to human beings in many ways. The medicinal plants such as Bombax ceiba, Aloe vera and Ximenia Americana are well known to cure several diseases therefore used in different Ayurvedic preparation somehow they are lagging behind in the list of medicinal plants for their applications in drug preparations. These plants has great ethnopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties with therapeutic applications therefore present review gives different aspects of Bombax ceiba, Aloe vera and Ximenia americana and may help to create awareness in society.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2020; Revised 10 March; Accepted 25 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Mahmut Yıldıztekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey, [email protected]
PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFObjectives: The current study was conducted to reveal the prevalence and causes of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth among mixed dentition of schoolchildren in Sana'a City, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1252 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years in three districts of Sana'a city, Yemen. They numbered 700 males and 552 females from 26 randomly selected public and private schools. Clinical examination of permanent anterior teeth was done according to the classification of Ellis modified by Fried.
Results: Prevalence of TDI was 10.30%, with a male ratio of 4.8: female 1, (P <0.05). Most of the children suffered only one damage to the tooth and most of them are in the maxillary central incisors. The TDI increased with older age (10-12 years old) (16.5%) with odds ratio 4.8, (p<0.05). Regarding the site of trauma, most injuries happened in males on the street (44.9%) while in females happened at home (31.81%) and falls were the main cause of TDI. In both sexes, the most common type of injury was class I (enamel fracture) followed by class II (enamel and dentine without pulp involvement).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of TDI in permanent anterior teeth among mixed dentition of school children in Sana’a was high, higher in males than in females, with a peak age of 10 to 12 years, falls was the common cause, and occurred mostly on the street for boys and home for females. Accordingly, educational programs should be developed that focus on ways to prevent dental trauma and the benefits of seeking urgent treatment to maintain avulsed and fractured teeth.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 April 2020; Revised 9 May; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral, University of Veracruz, Mexico, [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF RUBELLA IGG ANTIBODIES AMONG PRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN AL-MAHWEET GOVERNORATE, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Rubella is an infectious viral disease that caused by the Rubella virus. The incidence of rubella infection in women during pregnancy leads to complications for fetus development and cause congenital rubella syndrome or fetal death. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of rubella among reproductive-age women in Al-Mahweet, Yemen.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among females attending healthcare centers and schools from July 2007 to June 2008. Blood samples were collected individually from 270 females aged 15-35 years and the rubella virus IgG antibody was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The needed data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed by statistical program.
Results: Overall, 197(73%) had IgG-positive antibody to rubella and 73(27%) had IgG-negative antibody to rubella. The highest rate of anti-rubella IgG was among females aged 15-25 years and the lowest was among the females aged 31-35 years. Similarly, the higher rate was among females living in urban area compared to females from rural area. The statistically significant difference was found between most educational levels and positive results of anti-rubella IgG. With regard to marital status, the most frequent of rubella antibody was 72.3%, 73.1%, and 75.0%, respectively, recorded among single, married, and divorced females. The non-pregnant women had (73.7%) more incidence to rubella IgG antibody than pregnant (66.7%). 82.2% of IgG- positive women had no history of stillbirth and 65% had a history of stillbirth.
Conclusions: Most of the enrolled females had immunity against rubella virus, but still a significant percentage were susceptible to rubella infection. Thus, it is essential to introduce of rubella vaccine to control and prevent the rubella virus circulating among the community.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 June 2020; Revised 9 July; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt, [email protected]
Rawaa S. Al-Kayali, Aleppo university, biochemistry and microbiology department, Syria, [email protected]
Rola jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HEALTHY YEMENI POPULATIONS
Get PDFObjective: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by several cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular events and mortality. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in epidemic proportions worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in healthy populations in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from February 2019 to April 2019. A total of 120 healthy populations (40 years≤ old) were selected. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethical committee and informed consent was obtained from all the enrolled study patients for their inclusion in the screening and participation in the research. In the present study, the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome based on the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and to a joint statement from several large organizations.
Results: In the current study, the presence of more than or equal to any three of the above mentioned factors is required for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study subjectswas40.0% (P<0.001) and 62.5% of them were within 40-49 years old. In the present study, there was not statically significant difference between the khat chewing and the metabolic syndrome. According the distribution of metabolic syndrome criteria among subjects with metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was the highest (85%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among healthy Yemeni populations was very high and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This emphasizes the need for more attention to investigate this condition to decreasing the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these subjects.
Peer Review History:
Received 10 October 2019; Revised 6 November; Accepted 30 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia, [email protected]
EFFECT OF MOST COMMON ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SURGICAL WOUNDS IN ADEN GOVERNORATE HOSPITALS, YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: The increased antibiotics resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from surgical wound is the major health threats challenge the patients especially in developing countries like Yemen. This work was aimed to determine and identify the bacteria associated with surgical wound infections and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: One hundred and twenty swabs were sampled from surgical wound patients at Aden City, Yemen. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified according to standard microbiological methods. Also, antibiotic susceptibility tests were determining by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: The results showed that out of 120 samples, 68 (56.67%) showed bacterial growth. It was found that the most isolated bacteria was Sylococcus aureus 27 (39.70%) followed by Escherichia coli 19(27.94%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (19.12%), and Proteus mirabilis 9 (13.24%). All isolated bacteria were recorded to be extremely resistant to the most tested antibiotics. S. aureus was reported to be susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The E. coli isolates showed resistance (100%) to vancomycin and tetracycline and moderately sensitive to ceftazidime and gentamycin. P. aeruginosa showed from high to moderate resistance to most tested antibiotics except gentamycin and cefotaxime. Most of P. mirabilis isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin and highly resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Conclusion: The current study findings that the reduced sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly used antibiotics is an alarming and threat upsurge of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2019; Revised 17 January 2020; Accepted 25 February; Available online 15 March 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
IMPROVED HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROSCOPY (HPLC/MS) METHOD FOR DETECTION OF ANTHRAQUINONES AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL DETERMINATION IN ALOE SINKATANA
Get PDFObjectives: Medicinal plants, either as an extract, pure compound or as a derivative, offer limitless opportunities for the discovery of new drugs. Sudan is a very rich source of medicinal plants which are used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Aloe sinkatana, has great potential to be developed as drug by pharmaceutical industries. The present study is undertaken to investigate the antioxidant potential of Aloe sinkatana by DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, the study also performed to explore the possibility of using HPLC-MS technique for the determination and analysis of Aloe sinkatana.
Methods: The extracts of Aloe sinkatana were analyzed for antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that the extracts showed a high effective free radical scavenging in the DPPH assay, also these extracts exhibited a noticeable antioxidant effect at low concentrations.
Results: During in vitro evaluation the antioxidant potential of methanolic extract was the highest, followed by aqueous extract in DPPH radical scavenging activity. So the methanolic extract of the plant, exhibited a great antioxidant effect at 50 μg/ml which may be attributed to high phenolic content. Therefore, methanolic extract to be a more active radical scavenger than aqueous extract. The HPLC-MS analysis had shown the methanolic extract of Aloe sinkatana to be rich in the major anthraquinones and their glucosides, which revealed 9 compounds, and also UV spectroscopy detected the presence of two flavonoids.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the extracts of Aloe sinkatana is a potential source of natural antioxidants or nutraceuticals with potential application to reduce oxidative stress with consequent health benefits. Due to stronger antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition, Aloe sinkatana could be proved as a valuable prospect in pharmaceutical formulations by taking part in the antioxidant defense system against generation of free radicals.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 February 2020; Revised 13 March; Accepted 27 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Nyunaï Nyemb, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation of Cameroon, [email protected]
EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFObjectives: Lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are the leading reason of death infectious diseases in the world and the fifth leading cause of death in general. The study aimed to identify the general characteristics of LRTI, the causative bacteria and the results of sensitivity to antibiotics.
Subjects and methods: A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University hospitals. The study included 555 clinical diagnostic cases as LRTI cases, 328 male and 227 female, aged 3 to 69 years. Clinical and demographic data were collected in the standard questionnaire, and samples included sputum or bronchial lavage (BAL) staining and culture. Samples were cultured in 3 different bacterial media, blood agar and LJ slope, chocolate agar with Co2; cultures were then examined for possible bacterial pathogens of LRTI. Possible bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method.
Results: LRTI was recorded among all age groups and with less frequency in children less than 16 years of age. A large number of LRTI (36.2%) was not diagnosed, most in CAP (52.4%), followed by HAP (33.9%) while unidentified cases were lower in AECOPD (22.8%). CAP isolates are K. pneumoniae (26.2%), S. pyogens (12.3%), and S. pneumoniae (9%); in HAP are MSSA (24%), E. Coli (12.9%), MRAS (11.1%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%) and P. aeruginosa (7%); and in AECOPD are M. catarrhalis (47.2%), K. pneumoniae (17.2%), H. influnzae (10.7%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) was recorded, while moderate resistance to amikacin, vancomycin, cefepime and moxifloxacin was recorded. In Gram-negative bacteria, a high resistance to 3rd g Cephalosporin’s (68.5%) was recorded, while a moderate sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested was recorded.
Conclusion: There is a high rate of undiagnosed LRTI in Yemen and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to diagnose most of the causes of LRTI, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and viral causes. No antibiotics are completely effective in treating LRTI in our area and antibiotic sensitivity should be performed in all cases.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2020; Revised 10 March; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse, St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
PHYTOCHEMISTRY STUDY OF PLANTS BELONGING TO CAPPARIS
Get PDFObjectives: Bioactive molecules have gained attention in recent time due to their diverse effects and their economic importance. The objective of current study was to isolate, analyze and identify the active constituents from leaves of C. cartilaginea.
Methods: The powdered leaves were extracted with different solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus and carried out by different chromatographic techniques. The phytochemical characterizations were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
Results: Three pure compounds were identified representing 1.6% of the total phytochemical composition. Yield of compounds 1, is Kaempferol (6gm), compound 2, is Dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3.8gm) and compound 3, is β-Sitosterol (5gm). Three of them are report for first time from this Spp.
Conclusion: From this study, can be concluded that report for the first time from C. cartilaginea leaves, identified 3 pure chemical compounds, by analysis using various physical and spectral techniques.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 February 2020; Revised 11 March; Accepted 23 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFKnowledge is the factory in which we are all workers in this season of the world crisis. Knowledge seems to have filled the earth, yet more knowledge is needed about our circumstances. We as a world are faced with the challenges of health as a matter of urgency and knowledge is still what will bring, an understanding of our situation, relief and ultimate mastery of those challenges. The dissemination of knowledge which has come from research far and wide and from many nations of the world is of utmost importance. Now more than ever UJPR is relevant. Never before has pharmaceutical research been more relevant. It seems the world is looking to the pharmaceuticals to salvage her. UJPR started just a few years ago, but it has taken giant strides since then. I remember the days when we were deciding the logo and format and design. Now it has become a pipe for necessary and important knowledge to be distributed to those needing it. The journal has scaled many hurdles and now indexed in many services, with many countries now participating. One of the unique features of UJPR which it must continue to nurture is the wholesomeness and interdisciplinary characteristics it has. Every field of pharmaceuticals is included and and this makes it a one stop platform of knowledge. The world is in turmoil now, yet many nations have taken knowledge from various journals and works of research and produced for themselves products that have brought relief to their people. There is no doubt in my mind that UJPR is going the right way and more encouragement should be given to younger researchers to be more innovative and be challenged to solve the problems of the times. Researchers at this time have the mandate to bring to the table of knowledge answers for this generation. The answers are all around us, but only journals such as UJPR will put it out in the marketplace for others to see and use to their benefit. I continue to congratulate all those who have published in this journal and those who have worked to make it an excellent journal, which is growing in stature by the day. We should look forward to more cutting edge research reports, especially in the areas of pharmaceuticals which include all the herbal medicines and nutraceuticals. Majority of the world are looking to natural sources to solve health issues. Apart from the hope of vaccines for new diseases, phytomedicines are a major hope too. I look forward to seeing more interesting works published in this journal as it has set itself a high standard. This standard must be maintained and improved upon. It will be the duty of all to keep publishing the journal and bringing it to the focus of other researchers around the world. It is also interesting to note that pharmaceutical now has attracted those of other professions and there is a collaboration and interdisciplinary move that’s bringing out unique and impressive medicines.
Knowledge is on the increase and at a faster rate than ever, more so now that the world needs to coordinate its efforts. UJPR will have cause to explore greater avenues of reaching out to researchers to bring in what is needed to become more relevant, a source of greater international standard, ethically reliable and well scrutinized data. UJPR is going to greater heights and in next issues we are bound to see the excellent research. I congratulate UJPR and look forward to future issues as we contribute to the mountain of knowledge of the world
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been recognized as a global dental disorder and concern about this pathology is growing among clinicians around the world.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of Yemeni dental practitioners in the city of Sana'a in relation to diagnosis, etiological factors and management of MIH.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire modified from similar previous studies was distributed to 311 Yemeni dentists providing oral health care in Sana'a city. The survey consists of two parts, the first is the demographic-occupational variables that was collected for the participants and the second part included questions related to perception of the diagnosis, possible etiological factors, severity of the condition and management, and the participants ’willingness for advance training in relation to MIH.
Results: The overall response rate is (90%). The majority of respondents came across MIH in their practices (GDPs= 83.2%, SDPs= 90%).Yellow / brown demarcation is feasible as a common clinical symptom. The composite resin was the most used restorative material. The genetic factor was the most specific etiological factor. Most GDPs were significantly uncertain in the diagnosis of MIH compared to SDPs (P = 0.003). Most of the respondents (72.5%) had a low level of knowledge regarding MIH. Participants support the need to assess MIH occurrence and conduct clinical training.
Conclusion: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common dental problem faced by dental practitioners in Sana'a City who have required clinical training regarding diagnosis, etiological factors and MIH management.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 August 2020; Revised: 12 September; Accepted: 27 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Awad AbdAlaziz Mousnad, International University of Africa (IUA) and Sudan, [email protected]
Dr. Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]