Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Not a member yet
705 research outputs found
Sort by
BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW ABOUT DOSAGE FORMS AND RECENT STUDIES
Get PDFManagement of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical research and development is currently focused on the development of drug delivery systems to target a drug to the desired organ or site with the aim of minimizing its overall distribution in the body. The oral mucosa has many properties which make it an attractive site for drug delivery but simultaneously provide several problems for researchers for effective and efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents. However, with the development of novel delivery techniques overcome several challenges. Oral mucosa delivery has many advantageslike high blood flow, rapid recovery, prevention of hepatic first-pass effect and pre-systemic elimation in gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand relatively small surface area and significant loss of drug due to swallowing and salivary flow are main limitations of buccal delivery. Different formulations including sprays, tablets, mouthwashes, gels, pastes and patches are presently used for delivery into and/or across the oral mucosa. Over the last 20 years, a wide range of formulations has been developed for buccal drug delivery systems but unfortunately few have been accomplished to be a medicine. One of the main reasons of this unsuccessful result could be the lack of the standardized methods which evaluate in vitro performance of buccal dosage forms. Thus aim of this review, to discuss the potential of buccal drug delivery and buccal dosage forms and also explore recent studies and in vitro analyses methodology of buccal dosage forms.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 October 2019; Revised 7 November; Accepted 28 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
GREEN, RAPID, SIMPLE, AND AN EFFECTIVE ONE-POT MULTICOMPONENT STRATEGY FOR SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL DIHYDROPYRANO[2,3-C]PYRAZOL-6-AMINES IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM
Get PDFObjectives: A series of new dihydropyrano [2,3-c]pyrazol-6-amines in this investigation study, are synthesized by the strategy of one-pot four component reaction in an aqueous medium.
Methods: After getting optimum conditions the reaction of different substituted aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, and phenylacetonitrile catalysed by Sodium hydrogen sulphate NaHSO4 (0.5 m mol) by refluxing in ethanol-water (1:1) (5 ml) and heated at 80 oC. The synthesized molecules product was filtered, washed with water to get nearly pure product in excellent yield.
Results: The pure products which were got in a short duration, with excellent yield (80 – 87%). Those new compounds were identified by using spectroscopic techniques FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the usefulness of this one-pot multicomponents protocol include easily available starting materials, facile, simple and environment-friendly procedure, and easier separation of products by filtration.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2020; Revised 9 March; Accepted 27 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected]
EFFECTS OF RAW AND COOKED AQUEOUS AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (KIDNEY BEANS) ON RENAL FUNCTION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Get PDFObjective: Phaseolus vulgaris, like other beans, is endowed with rich nutritional contents. This study evaluated the effects of raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of P. vulgaris on renal function in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Oral acute toxicity (LD50) study of both extracts was conducted in two phases. In the main design, a total 36 Wistar albino rats were used and divided into nine groups of four rats and oral administration lasted for 7 days. Group 1 served as control and 2 – 9 treated groups. Groups 2 and 3; 4 and 5 were administered aqueous extracts while groups 6 and 7; 8 and 9 were administered methanol extracts of 350mg/kg and 550mg/kg body weight raw and cooked P. vulgaris respectively.
Results: Results of LD50 of all extracts were greater than 5000mg/kg. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in concentrations of urea and chloride across test groups administered aqueous extracts, than methanol extracts; a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum creatinine in test groups administered methanol extracts; a significant (P<0.05) increase of serum total protein of test groups compared to control; no significant (P<0.05) difference in the concentration of potassium in test groups administered compared to control group.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that P. vulgaris portrays potentials capable of improving renal function and its consumption may contribute to the wellness of a person due to its rich nutrients, and based on the duration of this work and standard scale of toxicity; the extracts are practically non- toxic since the LD50 was greater than 5000mg/kg.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 April 2020; Revised 10 May; Accepted 23 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Get PDFParasitic disease is one of the most important challenges impacting a large number of people. Worldwide, more than three billion cases of parasitic disease are reported yearly. Due to the resistance of parasite to the synthetic drugs, it is necessary to search for alternative sources. Plants contain different phytoconstituents with different biological activities. Many previous researches showed that many plants exerted antiparasitic activity due to its secondary metabolites. This review highlights the antiparasitic effects of different medicinal plants and mentions the mode of action of different phytochemicals against parasites. In conclusion, the medicinal plants play a vital role as antiparasitic agents, but further studies are needed to isolate and test the active constituents of the medicinal plants as antiparasitic agents targeting to enter the drug discoveryarea.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 June 2020; Revised 6 July; Accepted 24 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mahmut Yıldıztekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DENTAL INFECTIONS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MRSA IN ISOLATES
Get PDFObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist that causes systemic infections and dental infections in the human being body. This organism increases its resistance to many categories of antibiotics all day and turn out to be more resistant, and this led to a growing feeling of concern in this era. Given this fact, the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of S. aureus in oral infections and to determine the prevalence of MRSA strains and the sensitivity of isolated S. aureus to antibiotics, in patients who attended dental clinics in major public hospitals and private clinics in the city of Sana'a-Yemen.
Subjects and methods: The study was conducted for a year, early in December 2018 and ending in November 2019. The study included 296 patients, 153 male and 143 female, ages 5 to 65, with an average age of 36.2 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected in questionnaire, then pus or oral swabs were collected from patients, cultivated, isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques. MRSA was ascertained by means of the method of disc diffusion to 1µg of oxicillin disc and 5 µg of methacillin disc; an antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method of selected antibiotics.The oral infections include dental abscesses, periodontal abscesses, gingivitis, periodentitis, dental caries, pulpitis and oral thrush.
Results: Of a total of 296 cultured pus and swabs, only 217 produced a positive culture (73.3%). Gram-positive bacteria formed 67.4% of the total isolates where S. aureus was the predominant pathogen (43.1%). The prevalence of MRSA was 23.5%. There was a higher rate of antibiotic resistance tested in MRSA isolates compared to a lower rate of resistance in MSSA as well as 22.2% of MRSA isolates were vancomycin resistant, while only 11.4% of MSSA were vancomycin resistant.
Conclusion: It can be concluded, S. aureus was the most widespread isolate in dental infections, high rate of MRSA, the appearance of S. aureus isolates resistant to vancomycin and other broad choice of antibiotics have raised MRSA in oral infections into a multi-drug-resistant, making it more and more hazardous in oral infections. Consistent assessment of oral associated infections and observing the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and strict drug policy for antibiotics are recommended.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2020; Revised 8 March; Accepted 28 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
SEROPOSITIVITY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG DYSPEPETIC PATIENTS
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is most common worldwide, and the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection varies greatly among societies and geographical locations. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Al-Mukalla city– Hadhramout/Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 suspected patients with dyspeptic disorders where the anti- H. pylori antibodies was detected using the H. pylori antibody test cassette rapid immune chromatographic assay. Also, a structured questionnaire was completed for each patient to collect socio-demographic data, personal hygienic status and some clinical signs.
Results: The prevalence of serological positivity for H. pylori infection was 37% with a statistically significant value (P=0.000). A high prevalence of H. pylori infection was detected among male more than females. The age group 5–18 years followed by age groups 33–46 years and 47–60 years showed the highest prevalence of H. pylori infection. There was no significant association between H. pylori infection with social, demographic, behavioral, and health variables (P>0.05). Clinical signs of heartburn and regurgitation were found to be significant associated with H. pylori infection (P=0.014).
Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection was found to be associated with dyspepsia. Heartburn and regurgitation have been found as clinical symptoms associated with H. pylori infection.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 June 2020; Revised 7 July; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF CARBAPENEM USE AMONG PATIENTS AT INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are designed to evaluate and improve the rational use of medications. In this study, DUE has focused on drugs used in high risk patients such as critically ill cases. Carbapenems are beta-lactam type antibiotics with broad-spectrum of activity which cover gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. The heavy use of carbapenems (imipenem or meropenm) could increase the risk of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. This study was a prospective and cross sectional study performed at intensive care unit (ICU) of Al-Matwakel hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methods: The study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019. All of the patients were on imipenem or meropenem as an empiric treatment or based upon microbiology culture results included in the study. Total of 80 patients at ICU were evaluated.
Results: The results of the study showed that empiric therapy was in most cases (91.25%; P<0.001).In addition; about 36.3% of the patients required dosage adjustment according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) stages. Also according to GFR calculation, 43.8% of the patients were in stage 3. In the present study, the frequency of therapeutic duplication of ceftriaxone with carbapenem was reported in 38 patients. The major drug-drug interactions were observed with tramadol-imipenem, tramadol-meropenem, and amlodipine-simvastatin.
Conclusion: The result of the study showed that empiric therapy was unjustified in most cases (91.25%). In addition, about 36.3% of the patients required dosage adjustment according to GFR stages. According to GFR calculation, 43.8% of the patients were in stage 3. In the present study, the frequency of therapeutic duplication and drug-drug interactions were observed.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 October 2019; Revised 11 November; Accepted 27 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF MALOCCLUSION AMONG YEMENI CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Get PDFObjective: Malocclusion is every difference in the arrangement of teeth beyond the standard of regular occlusion illustrated by anomalies within the dental arches. The purpose of this study was to measure prevalence of malocclusion between primary school children in Sana’a city Yemen.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 1079 school children (546 girls and 533 boys), their age ranged from 7 to 12 years old from public and private schools selected randomly in Sana'a City, Yemen. The prevalence of malocclusion was investigated according to age, gender and school type based on Angle's classification.
Results: The study showed that the overall prevalence of malocclusion among school children was 81.1%, in which Class I normal molar association was found only in 18.9% of school children, while Class I malocclusion included the highest percentage of the sample 70.4%, followed by Class II relation 9.5%, and Class III involved only 1.1%. The most prevalent malocclusion trait was spacing 35.7%, whereas the crowding was present in 30.0% of the sample. The deep bite was present in 10.1% followed by anterior crossbite 8.8%, midline diastema 8.6%, anterior open bite 4.5%, posterior crossbite 4.0%, and the least noted malocclusion trait was posterior open bite 0.4%.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was a high rate of malocclusion in school children and significantly increased with age, class I malocclusion was the most common followed by Class II malocclusion, while Class III was the rear. The most prevalent occlusal problem was spacing, followed by crowding. Thus, 7-12 year-olds can benefit from interceptive and preventive oral health procedures which may either entirely prevent or reduce the development of serious types of malocclusions afterward in their lives.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 December 2019; Revised 15 January 2020; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2020
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE ENDOTHERAPY OF DIABETIC WOUNDS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Get PDFIn recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing, and the diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes, which seriously affects the life and health of patients. The effect of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes is more and more recognized. To search for the treatment of diabetic foot using Traditional Chinese medicine - Just to collect research literature on TCM treatment of diabetes in order to summarize the common syndrome types and medication rules in recent years, and to provide a new treatment. Common syndrome has syndrome of the dual deficiency of qi and yin、syndrome of dual deficiency of qi and yin, syndrome of meridian stasis-heat, syndrome of meridian stasis-heat and so on. Common endotherapy medicine is clear heat medicinal, tonify qi medicine, activate blood and resolve stasis and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages and effects in the treatment of diabetes, but there is still no uniform standard.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 December 2019; Revised 12 January 2020; Accepted 25 February; Available online 15 March 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Nuray Ari, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
A STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN CARALLUMA QUADRANGULA
Get PDFObjectives: Caralluma belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, native to the Indian sub-continent have different medicinal properties and used in folk medicine as remedies to treat wide variety of diseases and health conditions. Objective of present study was to isolate, analyze and identify the phytochemicals composition from steam of Caralluma quadrangula.
Methods: Extractions of the chemical components was carried out by different chromatographic techniques. The phytochemical characterizations were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
Results: The quantitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of three compounds, Glochidonol (5gm), Dihydroxy-14-pregn-5-en-20-one (9.8gm), Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (7.8gm) and Stigmasterol (5.7 mg). Hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one, report from Caralluma quadrangula stem as first time.
Conclusion: The present study is strengthen for the discovery three pure chemical compounds from C. quadrangula.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 February 2020; Revised 9 March; Accepted 27 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected]