Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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EVALUATION OF CURRENT SCENARIO OF CANCER DISEASE AT CHATTAGRAM IN BANGLADESH
Get PDFObjective: Now a day Cancer is the furthermost dangerous diseases. It can develop almost anywhere in the body. Cancer is a disease whose treatment process takes too long time and also too costly.
Methods: This is a survey work on cancer due to current increasing of the number of cancer patients in Bangladesh. This evaluation was conceded in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from 10th November 2019 to 25th February 2020. Here, 31 cancer patients were evaluated.
Results: In this work, it is observed that most of the cancer patients were female. In this study, it was also observed the cancer was occurred highly at the age of 41-50 years (30%), then age limit 31-40 (20%).Most of the female are bearing ovary cancer (26%) and Breast cancer (29%) and also male are affected by Thyroid cancer (26%). We found that 60% of patients were being treated with chemotherapy alone. Doctors were commonly prescribed of chemo drugs Cisplatin (21%) and Folinic acid (29%).
Conclusion: Government should highlight on the expansion of specific cancer center. Such types of centers can also deliver rehabilitation as well as relaxing care for dangerous cancer patients to release their highdistress.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2019; Revised 11 January 2020; Accepted 27 February; Available online 15 March 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali, Modern University for technology and information, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammad Tauseef, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, [email protected]
LEVEL OF LEAD IN THE BLOOD AMONG FUEL STATION EMPLOYEES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO IMPAIRED LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN DAMASCUS; SYRIA: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LEAD
Get PDFObjectives: Chronic exposure to lead is known to cause adverse health effects. Workers at fuel stations are exposed to high concentrations of lead during filling cars and through Car’s emissions and being in contact with contaminated hands, food, water and clothing. This study was designed to find blood lead level and their adverse effects on kidney and liver function among fuel station workers.
Methods: Forty fuel station workers (exposed group) and thirty apparently healthy subjects (non-exposed group) in Damascus were randomly selected for the study. Blood lead levels were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Serum concentration of creatinine, uric acid and urea values were recorded to assess kidney function, whereas AST and ALT serum concentrations were used to evaluate liver function.
Results: The results showed a non-significant elevation of blood lead level in the exposed group (11.04 ± 10.36 µg/dl) compared to the non- exposed group (8.1±2.97 µg/dl). Serum concentration of creatinine and uric acid were significantly elevated in the exposed group, but there was no change in AST and ALT serum levels.
Conclusion: It is concluded that blood lead levels of fuel station workers don’t exceed the threshold that may cause kidney or liver dysfunctions.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 February 2020; Revised 10 March; Accepted 25 April; Available online 15 May 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
DISTRIBUTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR GIARDIA LAMBLIA AMONG CHILDREN AT AMRAN GOVERNORATE, YEMEN
Get PDFObjective: The widespread prevalence of Giardiasis is a public health problem worldwide, and it is also common among Yemeni children. Hence, this work aims to identify the prevalent Giardia lamblia infection and risk factors among children admitted to health care centers in Amran governorate in Yemen.
Methods: Three hundred and thirty-four stool samples were collected from infected children between March and July 2019 and the parasite is identified by light-microscope according to standard parasitology methods. Also, relevant data was obtained using a designed questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that 181 cases (54.2%) were infected with G. lamblia infection. 57.5% of the infected children were from urban areas, while 42.5% of the cases were from rural areas. The highest incidence of G. lamblia was 60.3% among males compared to 47.5% among females. The results for age, residents and male children aged 8-14 years in both urban and rural areas recorded the highest prevalence of G. lamblia infection while the lowest was among females between 1 and 7 years and 8-14 years old, respectively, in the rural and urban area.
Conclusion: In conclusion, as described in this work, multisectoral efforts are needed that include hygiene practices, personal hygiene habits, the provision of safe drinking water and the provision of sanitation systems to efficiently reduce this infection from all governorates of Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 April 2020; Revised 7 May; Accepted 24 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, [email protected]
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANIFESTATIONS BEYOND THE BOWEL
Get PDFInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of diseases, with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) representing the two broadest subtypes of IBD. Multiple extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are more frequent in (IBD); 5% –50% of the patients might be affected. The most often implicated sites of manifestations are musculoskeletal and dermatological structures. However, while some symptoms like peripheral arthritis and erythema nodosum correlate with IBD progression, others have their own course of disease like axial arthropathy, gangrenosis of the pioderma and primary sclerosic cholangitis. This review would provide a summary of the most frequent EIMs and their prevalence.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 April 2020; Revised 7 May; Accepted 24 June; Available online 15 July 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Md. Parwez Ahmad, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN IBB, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that affect the genital urinary tract that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most females, particularly in developing countries. This work aims to find the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Ibb, Yemen.
Material and methods: Two hundred and eighteen samples of females attending outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics were chosen from several hospitals (Al-Thawra, Maternity and Childhood Center, Maternal Reproductive Health Center, and Nasser General Hospital) located in Ibb, from December 2019 to March 2020. The laboratory works were performed in the microbiology department of Al-Thawra Hospital, Ibb. Vaginal swabs were cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, then the species of Candida identification and anti-fungal sensitivity tests were performed regarding the standard procedure of microbiology.
Results: The findings revealed that out of 218 cases, 134 (61.5%) were infected with Candida species, and the rate of candidiasis was higher among women coming from rural areas than among women in urban areas; and in the age group 28-37 years. C. albicans (61.2%) were the most prevalent species followed by C. tropicalis (21.64%), C. glabrata (11.19%), and C. kefyr (5.97%). Susceptibility tests showed that the most isolated Candida species were sensitive to nystatin (94.8), fluconazole (91.04%), amphotericin B (88.80%), voriconazole (78.35%), clotrimazole (75.37%), ketoconazole (73.13%), and itraconazole (69.40%).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Candida vaginitis is very common among pregnant women, and the tested anti-fungal agents continue to be effective against all isolates of Candida species. In contrast, there was a slight increase resistant against itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and voriconazole which raises concern about a rise in Candida species that are resistant to these drugs.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 June 2020; Revised 9 July; Accepted 25 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ashwaq Ali Hezam Al-Arossi, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF PREMATURE LOSS OF PRIMARY TEETH AT THE AGE OF 6-10 YEARS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Primary teeth and the integrity of the primary teeth are very important for the normal growth and progress of the occlusal relationships and the dentofacial structures. Premature loss of the primary teeth may lead to the loss of the arch length needed for the eruption of permanent teeth and thus lead to rotation, crowding, and impaction of permanent teeth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth among children aged 6-10 years in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Materials and methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 1091 children, aged 6-10 years. An experienced examiner the first author carried out all clinical examinations under natural light. Data were collected including age and missing teeth.
Results: The results showed that 26% of the sample suffered premature loss of primary teeth with no significant difference between the sexes (P> 0.05). There was low in prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth in 10 years (17.7%), while the rate raised to 29.7%, 31.6%, and 31.7% in 6,7 and 9 years respectively. When considering the number of teeth, the prevalence of one premature loss was 10.8%, followed by two premature losses (9.8%), while the loss rate of 3 or more was5.4%. Considering dental arch 61.8% of loss was Mandible loss, while the loss in Maxilla was 38.1% only. The most common missing tooth is the first lower right primary molar (17%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of premature loss in our study is similar to that of developing countries, the rate was low at 10 years for children, while the rate increased at 6,7 and 9 years; most of the loss was in the lower jaw and the most common missing tooth was the right lower primary molar. This result determines the importance of increasing awareness of this problem and focusing on the need for more preventive efforts to maintain healthy and natural teeth that improve the chewing function and aesthetic appearance of children and the entire population.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 June 2020; Revised 11 July; Accepted 23 August; Available online 15 September 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohamed Amin El-Emam, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammad Tauseef, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, [email protected]
SUDANESE EXPERIENCE OF HERBAL FORMULAS USED DURING COVID-19 INFECTION
Get PDFObjectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is recent worldwide disaster which is considered by the WHO as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Method: A quick survey was done in Khartoum state for the commonly utilize herbs and the succeeded formulas, 652 people participated in this survey either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19.
Results: A 652 people participated in the quick survey for the commonly utilized herbs & the succeeded formulas either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19. Other products used as additives include (honey,vinegar,sesame oil, olive oil and salt).
Conclusion: Sudanese experience that various traditional herbs, usage and different route of administration can effectively alleviate primary symptoms e.g. fever, cough, fatigue and reduce probability of developing severe Conditions.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 August 2020; Revised: 13 September; Accepted: 27 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Hebatalla Ibrahim Ahmed Abdel Hameed, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Derbali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia, [email protected]
ANTI-OBESITY EFFECTS OF PULICARIA JAUBERTII E. GAMAL-ELDIN IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED RATS
Get PDFBackground: Pulicaria jaubertii E. Gamal-Eldin is a traditional medicine and flavoring used in Yemen where a large number of people depend on herbal plants to treat their ailments. This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of Pulicaria jaubertii leaves and flowers aqueous extract (PJAE) and Pulicaria jaubertii leaves and flowers in powder form mixed with diet (PJPD) on obesity induced rats by high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods: Obesity was experimentally induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by feeding them a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups, the HFD control group, whereas the rats fed HFD only and the PJAE group where the rats fed HFD + PJAE and PJPD where the rats fed HFD + PJPD. PJAE was administrated by gavage at 1g/kg body weight and the activity of PJPD was determined as oral administration at 10% of the diet. Food intake and gain weight were taken once a week and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment for lipid profile analysis, glucose level and toxicity parameter including liver and kidney functions parameters.
Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in the percentage of weight gain and in the PJPD group at the fifth and sixth weeks of treatment compared to the HFD control rats. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of blood triglycerides in the PJPD compared to the HFD group. Where no significant change was observed in the percentage of weight gain and triglyceride level in the PJAE group compared to the HFD control rats. Also, there was no significant changes in all the tested parameters including, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzymes and creatinine and urea levels.
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that the leaves and flowers of Pulicaria jaubertii mixed with HFD had an anti-obesity effect in rats fed with HFD, and the anti-obesity effects of PJ could be attributed to the phytochemicals present. Therefore, the current study scientifically confirms the traditional use of PJ as a potential candidate for body weight loss.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 August 2020; Revised: 12 September; Accepted: 25 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected]
METHOD DECISION FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS: AN OVERVIEW
Get PDFIn the direction of microbiological quality control analysis in pharmaceutical products, determining the microbiological load of the product at the end-use stage is very important for human health. Quality control parameters in pharmaceutical products vary according to the structure of the type of product and administration route. In this context, according to the pharmacopoeias, parenteral products and eye drops are classified as sterile products and the other group of pharmaceuticals are classified as non-sterile products. However, non-sterile pharmaceuticals also must have a certain microbiological quality. For this reason, the pharmaceuticals should have a certain microbiological load and should not contain defined microorganisms specified to its type. Since the control of the microbiological quality of the products is important for safety, it should be determined by quality control analysis. In this study, standard methods used to detect specific microorganism in pharmaceutical products were compared. Application steps in standard methods and identification tests of specific microorganisms were examined. In addition, studies that are alternative to standard methods were evaluated.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 August 2020; Revised: 11 September; Accepted: 24 October; Available online: 15 November 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected]
SCREENING STUDY FOR FORMULATION VARIABLES IN PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS
Get PDFObjective: The current study inspects the screening of the formulation components further, evaluates the physicochemical properties of the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the antihypertensive drug as Candesartan Cilexetil (CC). The sequence screening of all excipients required for the preparation of NLCs should be performed.
Methods: The prepared formulations were investigated for the different quality issues. The screening studies were performed to select the appropriate one of solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant. Also, investigation of physical compatibilities of solid lipid with liquid lipid and the ratios of them were evaluated. Furthermore, the physical characterization and quality issues of developed formulations were described and determined. Firstly, the solubility of CC in different solid and liquid lipids is the major parameter for the selection of the best one.
Results: Precirol® ATO 5, Compritol ® 888 ATO and Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) were showed the maximum solubility of the CC (1000±4.12 mg, 1500±4.15 mg and 1750±3.16 mg), respectively. Hence, they were selected as the solid lipids for the development of NLCs. Liquid lipids Transcutol® HP (30±2.21 mg/ml), Labrasol® ALF (25±1.32 mg/ml) and CapryolTM 90 (18±1.34 mg/ml) were observed to have good affinity for the drug on systematic screening of different liquid lipids. All designed formulations observed in nanometer size of particles ranged from (408.9±11.5 to 114.6±8.3 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency around 99%.Also, the obtained results revealed that the ZP of the various formulations was consistently negative surface charge in between ((-13±2.3 to27.3±3.7 mV).
Conclusion: Finally, formula number nine of CC (CC-NLC9) which composed of GMS (solid lipid), CapryolTM 90 (liquid lipid) and Lutrol® F127: Cremophore® RH (surfactants combination) was selected as the best formulation after the rank order for further investigations in the next work. The current work clarifies a sequence steps for selection of excipients for NLCs by employing simple experiments.
Peer Review History:
Received 9 October 2019; Revised 7 November; Accepted 29 December; Available online 15 January 2020
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mohammed Abdel-Wahab Sayed Abourehab, Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Dr. Maha Khalifa Ahmed Khalifa, Al-Azhar Universit - Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, [email protected]