Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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CLINICAL COURSE AND DISEASE OUTCOME IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Get PDFBackground: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose pandemic was declared on March 11 2021 (1). Spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations is very wide. Most patients report to ambulance with mild or moderate symptoms, but some of them rapidly develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, acute cardiac injury, multiple organ failure and death (2). Older age, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are reported as high predictors of morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To determine correlation between diabetes mellitus and severity of clinical picture in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: Current study involve retrospective analysis of 1513 patients with Real Time PCR confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Clinic for infectious disease, University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in a period of June 2020 to December 2020.
Results: Among them 417 had previously diagnosed of diabetes mellitus. Results show that patients with diabetes mellitus are likely to require treatment in Intensive care unit, and oxygenic support with invasive ventilation. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome of the disease.
Conclusion: Even this study didn’t find increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus, further studies should be done to determine risk for patients with DM to develop severe form of disease.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 February 2021; Revised 9 March; Accepted 12 April; Available online 15 May 2021
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Branislav Ranković, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, [email protected]
Dr. Poualeu Kamani Sylviane Laure, University of Dschang, Cameroon, [email protected]
PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS: BIOFILM FORMATION, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ISOLATES FROM CASES OF LOCALIZED AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS (LAP)
Get PDFBackground: No information is available on the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and guidelines for oral antibiotic therapy for Yemeni patients for those with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) due to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a condition that often requires complementary antibiotic treatment.
Aim: The primary aim of the current study was to examine the antibiotic patterns and the potential relationship between P. gingivalis biofilm formation and the incidence of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates on a group of antibiotics commonly used in oral/systemic therapy.
Subjects and Methods: The study included 30 clinically diagnosed patients, and 30 strains of P. gingivalis were isolated from them. Microbial sampling, isolation, and identification of bacteria were performed using culture methods appropriate to anaerobic species. Biofilm production was evaluated by the phenotypic method, that is, tissue culture methods (TCPM). Also; each isolate was tested against 12 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method.
Results: After isolated P. gingivalis were subjected to biofilm detection by TCP method, 7 (23.3%) showed high, 6 (20%) moderate, while 17 (56.7%) showed non/weak biofilm-forming ability. P. gingivalis biofilms showed a higher resistance rate than forming non/weak biofilms e.g amoxicillin (92.3% vs 64.7%, p = 0.08), azithromycin (58.8% vs 11.7, p =0.003), metronidazole (76.9% vs 29.4%, p = 0.08), 0.01) and clindamycin (84.6% vs 47.1, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: It was found that the drug-resistant factor in P. gingivalis isolates is associated with the formation of P. gingivalis biofilm. Even though the current results show a high sensitivity result for P. gingivalis strains, some resistance has been observed. Antibiotic resistance patterns can modify over the years, make susceptibility testing essential and to promote careful choice of preliminary antibiotic treatment, the same as an adjuvant to endodontic therapy.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 June 2021; Revised: 8 July; Accepted: 11 August; Available online: 15 September 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
ANTIOXIDANT EFFICACY OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA NUTS DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS (BUTTER, HULLS AND PRESS CAKES)
Get PDFAim and objective: Vitellaria paradoxa is a useful African tree belonging to the sapotaceae family. Its nuts are mainly exploited for their fat or butter. This study demonstrated pharmacological virtues of shea nuts derivative products through their phytochemical components and their antioxidant efficacy.
Methods: The hydroalcoholic extracts of shea butter, hull and cake were qualitatively screened in order to detect phytochemical components, and their antioxidant efficacy was tested through their ability to reducing DPPH radical and iron.
Results: The results revealed that the whole shea nuts derivative products (butter, hull and press cake) tested contain phytochemical compounds, namely phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenic alcohols and sterols. Most of these compounds are known as active principles. Indeed, the DDPH and FRAP tests have proved that the whole shea nuts derivative products have antioxidant power. This power varied increasingly (5.37%, 58.56% and 62.99% for DPPH test and 0,152, 0,222 et 0,606 for FRAP test) from butter to hulls and press cake.
Conclusion: Based on these results, shea nuts could constitute a value-added resource of bioactive principle, which might be taken into account in the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress, such as tumors, cancer and other degenerative diseases.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 June 2021; Revised: 8 July; Accepted: 14 August; Available online: 15 September 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF IRVINGIA WOMBOLU KERNELS ON RAT LIVER AND KIDNEY
Get PDFObjective: Many plants are consumed as food by humans for growth and survival, but a large number of these plants have not been tested for toxicity potential. Repeated consumption of such plants could lead to accumulation of toxic chemicals in the body and cause health-related problems. Irvingia wombolu kernel is widely consumed by many ethnic groups in Nigeria and some other African countries. The toxicity potentials of Irvingia wombolu kernel extract (IWKE) on the kidney and liver of rats was evaluated in this study.
Methods: Three groups of Wistar rats were fed orally with IWKE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w) daily for 28 days. The fourth group which is the control was treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w) for the same period. The rats were sacrificed on the 29th day, and blood samples, kidney and liver were harvested for analyses. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, and urea were determined. Kidney and liver sections were examined for histopathological changes. Data were subjected to Student’s t-test for statistical analysis.
Results: Serum levels of creatinine and urea were not significantly altered in the IWKE-treated rats compared with the control. At 200 mg/kg b.w, the extract significantly increased (p<0.05) serum levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin compared with the control. Significant distortions were observed in the liver sections of rats treated with 200 mg/kg b.w IWKE compared with control, but the structure of the kidney section of IWKE-treated rats was not significantly different from the control.
Conclusion: The results showed that repeated ingestion of Irvingia wombolu kernel at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w for 28 days induced liver damage, but does not significantly affect renal function.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 August 2021; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 12 October; Available online: 15 November 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, [email protected]
INVESTIGATION OF LIPOIDIAL CONTENTS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FORSSKAOLEA VIRIDIS AND TRICHODESMA EHRENBERGII WILDLY DISTRIBUTED IN EGYPT
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this work was to assess the antimicrobial activity and investigation of lipoidial contents of F. viridis and T. ehrenbergii wildly distributed in Gebel Elba, Southeast of Egypt for the first time.
Methods: The phytochemical investigation of the ether extracts of F. viridis and T. ehrenbergii carried out by saponification of two lipoidial extracts and using gas chromatography (GC) with reference standards. The antimicrobial activity of the ether extract was performed as in vitro studies by diffusion agar technique for selected +ve and –ve gram bacterial and fungal strains with reference used drug as a control.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that the two lipoidial extracts have sufficient steroidal and fatty acid methyl ester compounds where F. viridis contain (22) hydrocarbons, (6) sterols and (14) fatty acid methyl esters while, T. ehrenbergii contain (20) hydrocarbons, (5) sterols and (17) fatty acids where β-amyrin and stigmasterol and palmitic and Tricyclic acid were the major concentration of steroid and fatty acid methyl ester contents of F. viridis and T. ehrenbergii respectively. The lipoidial extract of F. viridis and T. ehrenbergii exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against all tested strains as compared to reference used drug.
Conclusion: It can be elicited that the ethereal extracts of two plants have moderate antimicrobial activity against selected strains.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 October 2020; Revised 10 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2021
Academic Editor: Prof. Kumud Upadhyaya, Kumaon University, Nainital, UK, India, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT HEPATITIS B VIRUS GENOTYPES AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED AMONG SELECTED YEMENI PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Get PDFBackground and aims: Hepatitis B virus infection is a significant public health crisis global. Hepatitis B virus genotyping is an important tool in epidemiological studies to determine the category and extent of treatment and to predict the outcome of chronic infections, for instance hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. The study designed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among Yemeni patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to evaluate some of the associated risk factors.
Methods: Fifty patients (38 males, 12 females) with chronic hepatitis B from Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital, Al-Kuwait University Hospital, and AL-Gomhoria Hospital were included. HBV DNA was first detected by conventional PCR then HBV genotypes were determined using nested and multiplex PCR.
Results: Mixed HBV genotypes (A+B+C+D+E), (A+B+C+D+E+F), and (A+B+C+D) were found to be the most prevalent (60 %), it is followed by genotype D (16 %), genotype B (16%) and genotype A (8%), whereas C, E, and F genotype were not found individually among the study population. Blood transfusion was associated with mixed infection (χ2=13.06; p= 0.005).
Conclusions: In assumption, this study demonstrates the general prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among HBV-infected Yemeni hepatitis B patients who request medical consideration in a hospital. In mono-genotype HBV infection, genotype B and D were the most prevalent genotypes. In HBV mixed genotype infection, the A/B/C/D/E genotype was the most prevalent in the study area. In the future, based on genotype, clinical trials and treatment regimens must be individually assumed to efficiently manage chronic HBV infection. To this end, a prospective nationwide population study of HBV genotype spreading and clinical outcomes is suggested.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 April 2021; Revised: 5 May; Accepted: 9 June; Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
COSMETOTEXTILES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR PERFORMANCE
Get PDFCosmetotextiles are textile products that release a cosmetic substance or formulation in the application area for cosmetic purposes. Cosmetic substances or formulations loaded carriers such as micro or nano-sized microcapsules, microsphere, cyclodextrin, liposome, solid lipid nanoparticles, are attached or processed on textile to prepare cosmetotextiles. As a textile material woven fabric, knitted fabric and non-woven fabrics are used for cosmetotextiles, and within this scope, relevant cosmetic and textile standards and regulations are taken into account in the performance evaluation of products, especially for effectiveness and safety. Important standards for cosmetotextiles include PD CEN/TR 15917:2009, ISO 3175-1, ISO 3758, ISO 6330 and ISO 22716. PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 includes the tests for cosmetic claim substation such as skin moisturizing, body firming, assessment of outer appearance of cellulite etc. The PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 standard specifies the general properties, claimed effects, safety assessment and labeling of slimming, moisturizing and regenerating preparations that fall into the cosmetotextile class.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 April 2021; Revised: 7 May; Accepted: 11 June; Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF THE SLIMMING EFFECTS OF DIET TEA IN BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MEANING
Get PDFThe replacement of consumed with foods containing high carbohydrates, fats and proteins exceed that the daily needs of body, causes many health problems, especially obesity. Complicated health problems have been trying to be solved with drugs, but it is not possible to control diseases if obesity is not resolved. Obesity causes inflammation, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) increase. There are very few weight loss drugs with acceptable side effects, and these drugs are not given to people who are not considered obese according to their body mass index. For this reason, people seek the remedy in over the counter (OTC) (mostly products with active ingredients derived from plants) products or herbal teas. These products, which do not have direct effects, have mechanisms that can help and can be supportive with diet and sports. However, these products and teas that cannot be dosed by a knowledgeable healthcare professional can disrupt the balance of the body and cause various diseases. In this study, the effect levels with the mechanisms supporting weight loss on the biochemical parameters of the active substances in the herbal forms sold and consumed as diet tea, were evaluated.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 June 2021; Revised: 9 July; Accepted: 10 August; Available online: 15 September 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFPharmaceutical sciences are one of the most important sciences to be considered nowadays. The progress in drug design and various formulation structures has caused a revolution in the pharmaceutical market. The thing which implied the indulgence of other sciences within the core of pharmaceutical sciences to enable researchers to reach behind barriers. Nowadays; we can find fields like pharmacovigilence, pharmacoeconomics, industrial and clinical pharmacy are crossing their way fast towards another horizon of scientific progress, to present a completion of drug delivery system studies before and after being handed to the patient. Simultaneously; interdisciplinary fields as biomedical sciences, molecular and cellular biology as well as bioengineering and biophysics coupled with artificial intelligence and biotechnology have invaded the world of drug research to present a new revolution in research and industry of personalized medicines, giving hopes to billions of patients worldwide to cure the incurable resistant diseases. Thanks to research, the word could have never been spread that virulent and that fast. And in order to guarantee continuous progress, our role as researchers lies in spreading knowledge in the form of our research findings braised within a context of scientific ethics to help every researcher to cross beyond any barrier that might hinder our role in saving the world through what is presented. So, lets believe in what we present. Lets be honest in the information presented. Let this journal be a minaret for other researchers, to enable them build up on what we present and offer. Lets help scientists expand vertically. Not only horizontally in the field of drug delivery and various domains of pharmaceutical sciences. Lets aims at unveiling all drug mysteries aiming to a better world for all patients worldwide
SILICA IODIDE CATALYZED ULTRASOUND ASSISTED ONE-POT THREE-COMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE-2-(1H)-ONES/-THIONES
Get PDFAim and objective: A single-pot three-component reaction for a competent preparation of biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidineones/-thiones using Silica Iodide (SiO2-I) as a reliable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst is developed.
Methods: The reaction proceeds via condensation of araldehydes, urea/thiourea, ethyl acetoacetate in ethanol under ultrasonic condition to afford the target molecules in best yields. The reaction proceeds in 30 min and SiO2-I has shown high proficiency in performing this single-pot Biginelli reaction.
Results: The use of catalytic SiO2–I (0.1 g) accelerated the reaction and gave the product in excellent yield. Maximum yield of the product was found to be 96% in ethanol
Conclusion: Study concludes the used method has shown many advantages, mild condition, short duration, simple isolation and best yields of products.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 August 2021; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 10 October; Available online: 15 November 2021
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia.
Reviewers:
Dr. Neelam H. Zaidi, Fiji National University, Fiji, [email protected]
Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara, Gazi University, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, [email protected]