Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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EVALUATION OF SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE HYDRO-METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BURKEA AFRICANA IN ALBINO RATS
Get PDFObjective: This study was designed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity profile of hydro-methanol extract of Burkea africana (BA) stem bark in rats.
Methods: The stem bark of BA was extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol. Twenty female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 (only distilled water). Groups 2-4 received the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally, once daily for 28 days. The rats were observed for signs of toxicity and the bodyweight (b.wt) of rats taken weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for hematology and serum chemistry. Visceral organs were harvested for organ-somatic index and histopathology.
Results: There were no toxicity signs observed and no significant (p< 0.05) change in body weight but the pulmo-somatic index was significantly (p< 0.05) higher at 400 mg/kg compared with the control and other treated groups. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV, RBC, and MCV and significant (p< 0.05) decrease in MCHC, Total WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were observed. Also, there were significant (p< 0.05) decreases in ALT, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin of test groups when compared with the control group. Urea concentration of test groups significantly (p< 0.05) increased when compared with that of the control group.
Conclusions: BA stem bark extract can be said to have no deleterious effect on erythrocyte, but rather serve to improve erythropoiesis and also has no overt toxic effect on the visceral organs. Also the extract may have immunosuppressive and oxidative tendencies on prolong use.
Peer Review History:
Received 12 December 2020; Revised 13 January 2021; Accepted 18 February; Available online 15 March 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFProfessor Dr. Jennifer Drambi Audu-Peter from University of Jos, Nigeria, with a charming smile and beauty, in Volume 6, Issue 1, January - February 2021; she explained what are the reasons for academics and researchers, choosing the right journal to publish their research results to the widest range of the public and expert vital to their success. These qualities were included in our beloved UJPR - and I would like to add that our beloved journal has achieved the ten goals of the sober medical journal, and these ten goals and main long-term tasks, so to speak, are “major challenges” for research in the field of pharmaceutical and medical informatics, including health informatics. This is the further development of information-processing methods and tools for: (1) Diagnosis (the "visual object"); (2) Treatment (“medical intervention with minimal pressure on the patient”); (3) Simulation therapy. (4) Early identification and prevention; (5) compensation for physical disabilities. (6) health counseling ("the informed patient"); (7) Health reports; (8) Health Care Information Systems. (9) Medical documentation and (10) comprehensive documentation of medical knowledge and knowledge-based decision support.
So we believe that we are in the journal, already in progress. For all these goals and tasks, pharmaceutical, medical informatics can, and perhaps should, make significant contributions. If only what the journal presented during its career were listed, that the goal that it sought to achieve in general and its achievements so far, especially with regard to countries with little luck in the field of pharmaceutical and medical research, has been accomplished.
In addition, some international researchers have described that some journals have turned into information laundering operations for the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical and medical journals have become a marketing machine in the first place, and we are also proud that our journal has deviated from this description. In conclusion, more perseverance for the advancement of our dear journal
PREVALENCE OF CNS TUMORS AND HISTOLOGICAL RECOGNITION IN THE OPERATED PATIENTS: 10 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Tumors of the central nervous system consist of a heterogeneous grouping of neoplasms of enormous histological variety. In spite of the increasing prevalence of CNS tumors in developing countries, certain places alike Yemen do not have representative studies showing the true impact of these tumors on the population.
Aims: Description of the distinctiveness of primary and secondary tumors of the CNS in the past ten years in one Yemeni institute.
Subjects and methods: A descriptive-observational study was performed on patients with tumors of the CNS who were selectively treated by surgical excision with subsequent diagnosis through a study of pathological tissues at the Saudi German Hospital SGH- Sana'a, over a period of 10 years from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. The variables of the study were qualitative (histological type, gender, affected anatomical position) and quantitative (age). Both group and histopathological diagnoses were formed in line with the 2006 WHO classification of CNS tumors.
Results: There were a total of 359 central nervous system tumors. Of these, 200 were females and 159 were males, with a ratio of 1.3: 1 and a mean age of 49.3 years. The most common tumors were the neuroepithelium (28.4%), meningiomas (26.55%), followed by mesenchymal tumors (13.4%), sellar region tumors (11.14%) and the nerve sheets tumors (11.14%). Meningiomas had the highest prevalence in female patients (20.33%), while it was in male neuroepithelial tumors (15.32%). Single entity repeat point form, Grade I meningioma was the most common (18.11%) followed by pituitary adenomas (9.2%), Glioblastoma multiform (8.6%), Class II meningiomas (7.24%) and Schwannoma (6.7%).
Conclusion: This is the firstly study of a sequence of cases in Yemen to be conducted on both benign and malignant tumors of the CNS, with all age groups patients with a extent of 10 years. Whilst this work represents no more than a retrospective analysis of a single institute, it can be a strong indicator of the epidemiology of the CNS tumors in Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 February 2021; Revised 2 March; Accepted 9 April; Available online 15 May 2021
Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Yemen, [email protected]
PATHOLOGIES OF THE ELDERLY AND PHARMACOTHERAPY IN THE HEALTH AREA OF BIWONG-BANE, SOUTH CAMEROON
Get PDFObjectives: The specific characteristics of the elderly physiopathology, such as polypathology and polypharmacy, arouse interest in the quality of the care offered to this age group. The study aimed to analyse the gap between the pathological and therapeutic profiles at the local level in Cameroon.
Method: This was a six-month cross-sectional situational analysis at the Biwong-Bane District Medical Centre in the South region of Cameroon. Pathological data were collected from the consultation register, and those related to therapeutics were taken from the drug inventory lists for the period of July 2019 to July 2020, using two separate reading grids. The 20th version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for the analysis of the data set.
Results: For a total of 103 patient files, the mean age was 68.6±7.7 years with a sex ratio of 0.75. 21.7% of the population was aged ≥ 75 years. The main pathology groups were infectious diseases (40%) and diseases of the osteoarticular system (16.4%). Out the 140 occurrences counted, malaria, typhoid fever and high blood pressure were the most common at 26, 12 and 7 respectively. Polypathologies represented 28.2% of the sample. With regard to therapeutics, there was a concordance between prescriptions and available drugs, although stock-outs persisted, as with artesunate (10 months) and mineral supplements (6 months). Finally, the average number of active molecules administered per elderly person ≥75 years was 3.47.
Conclusion: The pharmacotherapy provided to the Third age remains poorly adapted, mainly due to the unavailability of drugs specific to the needs of this population.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2021; Revised 7 March; Accepted 13 April; Available online 15 May 2021
Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Omid Gholami, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
ANTIBIOTICS KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR USES AGAINST VARIOUS DISEASES AMONG THE DORMITORY STUDENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL UNIVERSITY IN BANGLADESH: A PILOT STUDY
Get PDFAim and objective: The study attempts to investigate the knowledge and actual condition of antibiotic uses among university students to get rid from different infectious diseases.
Methods: The study was conducted in a residential dormitory of a public university of Bangladesh. About 145 (n=145) students took part in the study which was conducted in January, 2020. Data were collected on the basis of a questionnaire made of basic questions about antibiotics and its resistance.
Results: Among 145 students, 94.5% previously known about antibiotic which is impressive but a vast majority (46.4%) had no idea about antibiotic resistance and 51% did not know anything what will happen if bacteria become resistant to antibiotics which is alarming. It was found that the most used antibiotic was Azithromycin (46.4%), whereas amoxicillin (40%) was second highest. Those antibiotics were used to treat mostly fever (63.4%), various infections (31%), cold cough(25.4%),diarrhea(15.5%) irritable bowel syndrome(9.9%) etc. Most students (83.7%) used antibiotics as per doctor’s prescription. About 50% students had knowledge about antibiotic course and resistance which was evaluated by simple yes/no question.
Conclusion: This work highlights the basic statistics of the knowledge about antibiotics use and abuse among the students of a residential dormitory of a public University of Bangladesh.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 February 2021; Revised 5 March; Accepted 9 April; Available online 15 May 2021
Academic Editor: Prof. Kumud Upadhyaya, Kumaon University, Nainital, UK, India, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Ali Awad Allah Ali Moh. Saeed,National University, Sudan, [email protected]
Dr. Kamal Elbssir Mohammed Ali, Hail University KSA, [email protected]
EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE LINN (VERBENACEAE) LEAVES ON TYPE 2 DIABETIC WISTAR RATS INDUCED BY THE MACAPOS1 TYPE DIET AND DEXAMETHASONE
Get PDFAim and objective: Clerodendrum thomsoniae leaves are used in Cameroon to manage diabetes and its related disorders. The study aimed at investigating the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract on diet and dexamethasone induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Young mature leaves of C thomsoniae were dried, finely powdered and submitted to aqueous extraction. The dehydrated extract was tested in rats at 3 doses 312.5, 625 and 1250 mg/kg based on the local use of the plant. The effect of the extract on the fasting blood glucose in normoglycemic rats and MACAPOS 1 type diet induced diabetic rats, using respectively glibenclamide and metformin as positive control groups, were investigated.
Results: AECT significantly reduced blood glucose levels in normoglycemic rats (p<0.05) two hours after administration, from 83±2 mg/dL to 57.39±1.7 mg/dL with the dose of 1250 mg/kg. given the highest reduction rate of 30.86%. In normoglycemic rats 30 minutes after oral glucose overload, the maximum reduction rate was observed with glibenclamide 5 mg / kg and calculated at 49.90% followed by 36.39%, for the extract at 1250 mg / kg. After 30 days of repeated oral administration, AECT produced a reduction on blood glucose levels (p<0.05) in type 2 diabetic rats. This reduction in blood sugar was much more expressed with the dose of 1250mg/kg (73.52±0.71 mg/dL) followed by metformin 38mg/kg (70.21±0.89 mg/dL) as the normal control with no significant difference (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results show that the antidiabetic activity of AECT can be explained by insulin stimulating effect, also give support to the traditional use of this plant.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 April 2021; Revised: 3 May; Accepted: 10 June; Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Terhemen Festus Swem, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, [email protected]
Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
COVID-19 IN MEXICO: PREPARING FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 onwards leaves us with an imperative lesson: we must be vigilant and ready to act once a new pandemic occurs. We must have scientific teams ready to develop basic and applied research at a rapid pace; trained and qualified medical teams to act immediately, with all personal and institutional security measures at their disposal; governments determined to put aside political differences to achieve the common welfare and a population informed about prevention measures, ready to abide by the indications of experts. We review the scientific opinions (and the lack of it) from the pandemics administrators in Mexico, in morning press conferences of the Mexican president, in evening press conferences by the pandemics manager and in written and electronic media, and we talk about how this is expected to be achieved in the short term, to avoid the many mistakes that have been done so far.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 April 2021; Revised: 5 May; Accepted: 12 June; Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFProf. Dr. Kaijian HouShantou from traditional Chinese medical hospital, in China says in volume 1 – issue 1 of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) 6 years ago in his prophecy (Editorial Message) "I am pleased to announce the publication of the inaugural issue of UJPR International, peer-reviewed, and open access on behalf of the editorial board. We anticipate great success for the journal in the near future".
Dr. Kaijian HouShantou predicted this because of his confidence at that time in himself and the journal staff - as for me, the UJPR has opened the horizons of medical research and publishing for me and I believe to Yemenis from those I know and I assure that our beloved journal has achieved great success in career and we expect a distinguished and great success for the journal in the near future by registering it in Scopus.
In addition, One of the evidence of our journal success is that UJPR records indicate that the number of publishers in our journal is increasing and they are the real wealth of the journal and we must share with them their ideas and perceptions to develop the journal .
At the end of this short message we need to ask the question "How can we best serve the medical and pharmaceutical sciences and researchers in this field?". The answer to this question is to make more efforts by the editorial board and authors and to maintain a positive attitude and not allow any circumstances or people to stop our progress
APPLICATION OF SCORING AND DECISION MODELS TO EVALUATE PROCUREMENT DETERMINANTS IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY PRACTICE IN NIGERIA
Get PDFObjectives: There is a need to evaluate the key factors influencing the choice of supply channels used by community pharmacists (CPs). The objectives of the study were to evaluate and score the determinant factors influencing CPs’ procurement decisions from supply channels (pharmaceutical companies-PC, Wholesaler-LW, and Open-Market-OM). Secondly, to evaluate preference decisions based on relative odds ratios using regression models.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study that used structured questionnaires based on World Health Organization’s recommendations for effective procurement decisions. A mixed-sampling method was used to administer the questionnaire to 393 community pharmacists in Southwest, Nigeria. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Friedman’s test, chi-square, Henry Garrett’s scoring and, multinomial regression (MNL) models were used for data analysis, using SPSS-25. The significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: Results showed that 59.8% (235) of respondents operated as retail practice, 14.8% (62) Wholesale, and 24.4% (96) combined practice. Mean Garrett’s score was highest with ‘quality-assurance (63.36), while ‘Value-added service’ had the least score (38.88) among 10 decision-factors. The median score was 52.82. Individual effects of ‘quality-assurance, competitive-pricing, access-to-credit facilities, flexible payment schedule, range of products, the potential-for-profit, trade-discounts, and value-added service’ were significant determinants of preference decisions (p<0.01; 95% CI) in the MNL model. Interaction effects of competitive pricing and access-to-credit facilities from suppliers had a significant effect on the MNL model (chi-square=493.411; p<0.01; 95% CI).
Conclusion: The model predicted preference for supply channels (PC, LW, and OM) at various significance levels of the predictors. The study provided a scoring template for evaluating buying decision parameters. The study provided information that is useful to improve our understanding of buying behavior among CPs in pharmacy practice research
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 June 2021; Revised: 7 July; Accepted: 10 August; Available online: 15 September 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
ANALYSIS OF BIOFILMS FOR STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS FROM DENTAL ROOT SURFACES OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH ROOT CARIES
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Knowledge of the pathogenicity of the primary etiological factor of root caries, the microbial biofilm, might provide important information for the development of diagnosis and treatment strategies. This study assessed the numbers and revealed the proportion of Mutans streptococci , which is potential important cariogenic organisms, in biofilms collected from lesions at root surfaces with active caries lesions (ARC), inactive caries lesions, and sound root surfaces (SRS).
Material and methods: Samples were cultured in MSB agar for Mutans streptococci counts, and brain-heart infusion agar for total viable anaerobic counts. After incubation, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined and compared between groups by the Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level set at 95%. The proportion of counts of Mutans streptococci in the total viable microorganisms was also analyzed by Chi-square test. 108 samples (36 from each surface) from 36 patients were cultured and analyzed.
Results: The mean±SD for the counts of active root caries lesions was 7.47±9.89 10, significantly higher than that of inactive root caries lesions (2.5±0.97) and sound root surfaces (3.03±0.71). In conclusion, a trend towards higher counts was evident for ARC. In the ARC lesions among the dominant oral anaerobic bacteria, we could not identify streptococcal colonies (unspecified) in 11% while in IRC lesions it occurred in 47%, and SRS it occurred in 47%. In addition, in ARC the samples were ≥0.1-≥10 (CFU x10) ≥0.1-≥10 colonies of Streptococcus mutans.
Conclusion: In conclusion, a trend towards higher counts was evident for ARC and for most samples, the proportion of Streptococcus mutans was low relative to the viable number of total viable anaerobic microorganisms.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 August 2021; Revised: 6 September; Accepted: 10 October; Available online: 15 November 2021
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]