Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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AVAILABILITY OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF JIMMA ZONE, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA
Get PDF Background: Availability is the relationship between the type and quantity of product or services needed and the type and quantity of product or services provided. Availability of essential medicines at facility level is an important factor to address patients' satisfaction and increase their health seeking behavior. The objective of this study is to determine the availability and associated factors of essential medicines in public health facilities of Jimma zone, South West Ethiopia.
Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Based on WHO recommendation, thirty health facilities were selected from five districts and six health facilities were chosen from each district of the zone. Availability of 29 key essential medicines that were selected from 2014 Ethiopian national essential medicine list were checked in stores and dispensaries as well as the store keepers, head of health facilities and dispensaries were selected for interview. The data were checked for completeness, edited, and coded then entered and analyzed using excels 2016 and SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were computed and tables, graphs and numerical summary presented results.
Result: Average availability of selected core essential medicines (n=29) was 78.6% in surveyed health facilities. With regard to stock level, 8% of the surveyed medicines were in critical level, 55.2% were in safe level and 36.8% were in over stock level. Six hundred six patients were participated in the study with a response rate of 97%. Among total respondents, 77.7% left the facility with all of their prescribed medicines while 22.3% received only part of their prescribed medicines.
Conclusion: The availability of essential medicines was fairly high in surveyed health facilities during the study period. In this study, many patients seeking treatment in public health facilities failed to obtain significant proportion of prescribed medicines.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 October 2021; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 12 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
ACQUIRED NEONATAL SEVERE FACTOR II DEFICIENCY- TWO CASES REPORT
Get PDFIn present study two cases of transient acquired and isolated factor II deficiency associated with severe bleeding are reported. Two infants were involved in severe coagulopathy. The blood clot time (CT) in case 2 was excessively prolonged over 16 hours. One-stage prothrombin time (PT) was remarkable prolonged. Haemostatic markers analysis showed an isolated deficiency of factor II at 2.5% and 4.5% respectively. No inhibitory activity against factor II could be detected. We successfully treated the deficiency with vitamin K1 during 15 days. It was interesting that in the case 2 female baby the cause of vitamin K deficiency might be breast feed problem (nutrition deficiency) and/or poor absorption from bowel. Physiopathological laboratory results and therapeutic aspects of two patients were presented.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 October 2021; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 12 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, [email protected]
APPRAISAL OF PRESENT SITUATION OF HYPERTENSION IN PORT CITY CHATTOGRAM, BANGLADESH
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a very much common disease. While data collection on hypertension in resource poor environments has been improving through the use of standardized surveys, little is known about how well treatments are being applied. Knowledge of gaps in diagnosis, treatment pattern and changing lifestyle is necessary if appropriate illness management are to developed.
Methods: Using a community based sample has been taken from Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong and from the Chittagong city, studied through some questions asked to the suspicious patients.
Results: Randomized sampling methods were used to identify adults from 18 to above from different wards and areas of CMCH and Chittagong city. Using World Health Organizations guidelines, data were collected on subject’s demographics, medical history, blood pressure and health behaviors. The study was conducted on 500 hypertensive patients at the Chittagong Medical College Hospital and Chittagong city between 23October 2021 to 8 December 2021, total 7 weeks. This survey was done by a structured questionnaire written in Bangla and English.
Conclusion:
It might be concluded from this research study that half of respondents were female in addition to half of respondents were male. It can be assumed that outcomes of this research study will play as the baseline for the future studies in same context.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 December 2021; Revised: 5 January 2022; Accepted: 9 February, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Rima Benatoui, Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, BP12 E L Hadjar–Algeria, [email protected]
HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS AMONG PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN CASES IN TWO TERTIARY HOSPITALS, IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Brucellosis continues a most important health problem in numerous parts of the world and in the Middle East regions is a significant origin of acute febrile illness. This study was conducted to determine Brucella antibodies among patients with PUO, the association of brucellosis with demographic characteristics, identify clinical symptoms and risk factors for Brucella infection among PUO cases.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research study was conducted in two health institutions; Al-Jumhouri Hospital and Al-Thawra Hospital, between January 2021 to January 2022. The required data were gathered from each patient by using pre-defined standardized questionnaire. Five mL of sterile whole blood was collected from each patient and then tested for Brucella antibodies using a standard tubular agglutination test. The data were then analyzed using the statistical software Epi Info version 6.
Results: Among the 241 PUO patients, females were 72.2% and males 27.8%. The mean ± SD for total age was 28.8±15.8 years. The rate of Brucella antibody among patients with PUO was 29%, females 78.6% higher than males by 21.4%. Clinical characteristics of PUO patients were persistent fever (36.9%), intermittent fever (63.1%), sweating (63.5%), shivering (61.4%), joint pain (78.4%), muscle pain (78.4%), back pain (74.7) back head pain (66.4%), headache (60.4%), weight loss (52.9%), body weakness (89.2%), loss of appetite (50.6%), and nausea (46.1%). The risk factors for brucellosis among the PUO patients was handling of animals during parturition (69.2%, OR=7, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: These findings revealed a high prevalence of human brucellosis among PUO patients in Sana'a city and will becoming a serious problem that threats the health care system in Yemen. So, awareness programs should be provided to doctors, population about Brucella infection and its risk factors.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 December 2021; Revised: 8 January 2022; Accepted: 10 February, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
MAXILLARY SINUS SEPTA: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATION WITH GENDER AND LOCATION IN THE MAXILLA AMONG ADULTS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Maxillary sinus septa are partitions of cortical bone dividing the sinus into multiple compartments. Their presence and dimension are of relevance to periodontitis, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as otolaryngologists. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association of maxillary sinus septum with gender and location in maxilla among adults in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out on 633 patient orthopantomograms (OPGs) which had visible maxillary sinus without pathological or developmental changes from the first of March 2021 to the end of February 2022 at the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University and private clinics in Sana’a city. Descriptive statistics of the continuous variable (age) was summarized as mean and standard deviation while the categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and presented as tables. Bivariate analysis was performed to test for association between the dependent variables (maxillary sinus septum presence, presentation and position) and independent variables (gender and location).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.59 years, range from 16 -56 years, and females 380 (60.0%). Of 259 (40.9%) maxillary sinus septum identified, 206 (79.5 %%) were from females. Majority 180 (69.5%) were unilateral, while 79 (30.5%) were bilateral. Occurrence of unilateral maxillary sinus septum was higher in males 104 (41.1%) with OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.9-3.98, p<0.0001; than females (20%), while bilateral septum occurs roughly in equal rates in both gender (11.86 VS 12.89%).
Conclusion: This study has shown a significant proportion of maxillary sinus septum among patients with visible orthopantomogram without pathology in Sana’a, Yemen, with the highest proportion being females. There is therefore the need for the occurrence and presentation of maxillary sinus septum in this study to serve as a baseline data in the treatment of dental implant and surgical procedures in Sana’a, Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received: 22 April 2022; Revised: 7 May; Accepted: 13 June; Available online: 15 July 2022
Academic Editor: Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bountain Welcome Tebeda,Chemical Pathology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. [email protected]
Dr. Rima Benatoui, Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, BP12 E L Hadjar–Algeria, [email protected]
Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. [email protected]
PRE- AND POST-MARKETING CONTROL OF DRUG QUALITY AT THE NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY, BAMAKO-MALI
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: In a world marked by the spread of counterfeiting and substandard drugs, often without active ingredients or falsified active ingredients, greater vigilance by pharmaceutical regulatory authorities is necessary. The National Health Laboratory (LNS), in accordance with its mission, takes samples throughout the country in order to ensure their quality control.
Methods: Samples were taken in certain regions and the district of Bamako and analyzed according to the standards of the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and International Pharmacopoeia (IP)by identification and assay methods. Products that do not meet the required specifications described by these pharmacopoeias are declared non-compliant.
Results: This allowed us to analyze a total of 617 samples with 11 cases of non-compliance for a rate of 2%. The causes of the non-conformities were due to the absence of an active ingredient, an under-dosage of the active ingredient and technical and regulatory defects.
Conclusion: After one year of activity, our results showed that out of a total of 617 drug samples collected and analyzed, 606 were compliant with a rate of 98% against 11 cases of non-compliance or 2% (p ≤ 0,05). The causes of the non-compliance were due to the absence of an active ingredient, an under-dosage of the active ingredient and technical and regulatory defects.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 October 2021; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 13 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Govind Vyas, Compliance & Regulatory Officer Inva-Tech Pharmaceuticals LLC, New-Jersey, USA, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammad Bayan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, [email protected]
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AWARENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESHI PEOPLE: A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY
Get PDFBackground: The present study has been carried out to find out the people’s perception about the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of this pandemic on their daily lives.
Methods: A Google form was used to create an online survey questionnaire distributed via personal relationships and social media. Data were collected using questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic status of participants, COVID-19 concepts and changes in the participants’ lifestyle. A total of 1088 respondents took part in the survey, and the results were evaluated using several statistical approaches. The results were presented in a variety of tables and graphs.
Results: Males made up 53.3% of the participants, while females made up 46.7% who were from villages (29.87%), cities (53.77%), and semi-urban areas (16.36%). Most participants reported that they got information about the COVID-19 pandemic from social media, and they cited 'fever' as an indicator of the sickness. Although the amount of physical interactions with friends and family has not dropped much, working conditions and employment status have significantly altered. The majority of the participants claimed they have no concerns about the COVID-19.
Conclusion: For up-to-date information regarding COVID-19, people in Bangladesh from all walks of life rely largely on social media. COVID-19 awareness isn't enough to inhibit the spreading of the virus from community to community. Employees' work schedules have also been drastically altered. To prevent transmission, we should all follow the safety rules strictly.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 October 2021; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 14 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Eyassu Mathewos, School of public health, college of health sciences and medicine, Wolaita Soddo university- P.O. Box 158, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia.
Dr. Barkat Ali Khan, Kampala International University , Uganda, [email protected]
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY AMONG YEMENI DENTAL PRACTITIONERS
Get PDFBackground: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a marvelous three-dimensional (3D) dental and maxillofacial imaging method industrial in recent years. It is based on a multi-surface resampling process that has distinct advantages such as condensed radiated area size, image resolution, fast scanning time, exclusive maxillofacial imaging patterns and reduced image errors.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of a sample of Yemeni dentists toward the use of CBCT.
Methods: A total of 98 selected dentists participated in this study. The self-administered questionnaires, consisting of two parts, were distributed: The first is related to the demographic characteristics and the second section is related to the knowledge and attitude of the dental practitioners towards CBCT. The study was conducted in Dhamar city, Yemen. The information was assembled through a pre-prepared questionnaire consisted of 24 structured close-ended questions. Descriptive statistics calculated in terms of frequencies and percentages. A software program (SPSS V25) was used for data analysis.
Results: The majority of respondents were 86 general dental practitioners (87.8%), most of whom were working in private dental clinics. More than half of the participants (67.3%) used digital imaging techniques to take radiographs. The most frequent source of knowledge about respondents' digital imaging techniques was the Internet (39%). Awareness of CBCT was higher in dentists, dental specialists, and those who were in an academic position. Lower radiation dose (26%), followed by secure image processing (23%), and short scanning time (21%) were the most common advantages of CBCT reported by the respondents.
Conclusion: Study participant responses reflect the importance of CBCT in the dental field. Awareness about CBCT among dentists in Yemen is good and appears to be different among dentists with regard to gender, qualifications and type of work. The study requires that continuing learning courses be held in dental colleges in Yemen including appropriate hands-on CBCT training and integration with other clinical courses to improve the dentist’s basic knowledge and interpretation regarding this technology.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 December 2021; Revised: 5 January 2022; Accepted: 9 February, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
EVALUATION AND SUPPLY OF ORAL CARE SERVICES IN THE HEALTH DISTRICT OF MBANGA, CAMEROON
Get PDFBackground: Access to oral care is a real public health challenge because dental pathologies affect all social strata, even the most disadvantaged. Knowing that the peripheral level in the health pyramid of Cameroon does not always benefit from oral services, this work proposed to present the offer of oral services in conventional medicine and traditional medicine in the Health District of Mbanga.
Materials and methods: A mixed descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Mbanga health district taking place from April 2021 to January 2022. All dentists and traditional therapists providing oral care were included in the study and having given their consent. To do this, a reading grid and an interview guide made it possible to obtain two types of variables. The qualitative variables were analyzed manually with the color code. While the quantitative variables were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software.
Results: Total 13 traditional healers were found and two dental surgeons working in the community of Mbanga were interacted for this study. The dentists were only women with less than a year of experience. The technical platform consisted of a portable dental chair and a dental case. The benefits were essentially curative. The traditional therapists worked in counters or in their vehicles. The majority of the products were decoctions. They treated oral ailments and would refer to the hospital in case of complications. Only a few used products to perform dental extractions.
Conclusion: The offer of services must be within the reach of every individual. However, this offer must be in line with the need.
Peer Review History:
Received: 7 February 2022; Revised: 11 March; Accepted: 14 April; Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Peter Juma Ochieng, Biotech Research Center (BRC), Obuda University, Hungary, [email protected]
ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON HAPLOPHYLLUM CAPPADOCICUM SPACH
Get PDFAim and objective: The aim of this work is to put forward the anatomical features of Haplophyllum cappadocicum, an endemic plant for Turkey.
Methods: Plant materials were fixed in 70 % ethyl alcohol. The anatomical studies include transverse sections of roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds with illustrations. The investigations were made under microscope and photographs were taken by microphotography apparatus.
Conclusion: Haplophyllum genus with potential pharmaceutical interest are worthy of investigation not only for chemical content but also anatomically. This is the first report on anatomical features of Haplophyllum cappadocicum collected from Malatya, Türkiye.
Peer Review History:
Received: 10 February 2022; Revised: 19 March; Accepted: 28 April; Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]